This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(November 2009) |
Volkswagen wasserboxer | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Manufacturer | Volkswagen Group |
Production | August 1982 – July 1992 [1] |
Layout | |
Configuration | flat-4 petrol engine |
Displacement | 1,914 cc (116.8 cu in), 2,109 cc (128.7 cu in) |
Cylinder bore | 94.0 mm (3.70 in) [1] |
Piston stroke | 69mm (1.9L) and 76mm (2.1L) |
Block material | Cast aluminium alloy |
Head material | Cast aluminium alloy |
Valvetrain | pushrod OHV |
Combustion | |
Fuel system | carburettor / Electronic Fuel Injection |
Fuel type | Petrol/gasoline |
Oil system | Wet sump |
Cooling system | Water-cooled |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Volkswagen air-cooled engine |
The Volkswagen wasserboxer is a four cylinder horizontally opposed pushrod overhead-valve (OHV) petrol engine developed by Volkswagen. The engine is water-cooled, and takes its name from the German : "wasserboxer" ("Water-boxer"); with "boxer" being another term for horizontally opposed engines. It was available in two displacements – either a 1.9-litre [1] or a 2.1-litre; [1] the 2.1-litre being a longer stroke version of the 1.9-litre, both variants sharing the same cylinder bore. [1] This engine was unique to the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) (Transporter T3 / Caravelle / Vanagon / T25), having never been used in any other vehicle. [1] Volkswagen contracted Oettinger to develop a six-cylinder version of this engine. Volkswagen decided not to use it, but Oettinger sold a Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) equipped with this engine. [2]
The wasserboxer featured a cast aluminium alloy cylinder block, cylinder heads, and pistons; and a die-forged steel flat plane crankshaft with four main bearings. [1]
The wasserboxer, as with all Volkswagen boxer engines, directly drives the three-bearing camshaft via a small steel gear on the crankshaft, and a large aluminium one on the camshaft, so there is no timing belt or timing chain. The entire mechanism is internal to the engine, so there should be no concerns regarding wear or replacements, as long as the engine oil is changed regularly. The overhead poppet valves each feature two concentric valve springs, and are operated by pushrods, with adjustable rocker arms to facilitate valve clearance adjustment. [1]
It also featured a "Heron cylinder head", or "bowl-in-piston" type combustion chambers – where the combustion takes place within the piston area, and not in a recess machined in the cylinder head. [1]
The cylinder banks contain cast iron cylinder liners inserted into the crankcase surrounded by a water jacket, with a "rubber lip" style water jacket seal, which is a very different design as compared to most engines. The top of the cylinder liners is pressed into a recessed cut-out in the cylinder heads, that are sealed with compressible metal rings, to prevent leakage. [1]
Some wasserboxers were plagued by water jacket gasket failures (often erroneously referred to as head gaskets) due to several design issues. Engine failure was also a result of poorly placed sensors, corrosion in the cooling system, often caused by using phosphated coolant, and many areas were subjected to leaks.
The switch to water-cooling for the boxer engines was made mid-year in 1982, because Volkswagen could no longer make the air-cooled engines meet emissions standards. (The previous generation Volkswagen Type 2 (T2), produced in Brazil until 2013, was changed to water-cooled engines on 23 December 2005 in response to Brazil's emission laws; the power plant used in the previous-generation T2 was an Audi-sourced inline four.) Water-cooled T2 models can be distinguished by a second radiator grille.
All data from ETKA and Owner's Manuals. [1]
This section needs expansionwith: dates for 'EY' variant. You can help by adding to it. (January 2010) |
engine ID code | compr. ratio | DIN-rated max. motive power | fuel system | years | notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.9-litre engines — 1,914 cc (116.8 cu in ) | ||||||
DF | 8.6:1 | 44 kW (60 PS ; 59 bhp ) | 34 PICT-5 carburetor | 08/82–07/92 | ||
DG | 8.6:1 | 57 kW (77 PS; 76 bhp) | 2E3 or 2E4 carburetor | 08/82–07/92 | ||
DH | 60 kW (82 PS; 80 bhp) | Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) fuel injection, vane-type air flow meter | 01/83–07/85 | |||
EY | 7.5:1 | 41 kW (56 PS; 55 bhp) | 34 PICT-5 carburetor | |||
GW | 8.6:1 | 66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp) | Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) fuel injection, vane-type air flow meter | 08/83–07/85 | ||
SP | 54 kW (73 PS; 72 bhp) | 2E3 or 2E4 carburetor | 08/86–07/89 | Switzerland only | ||
2.1-litre engines — 2,109 cc (128.7 cu in ) | ||||||
DJ | 10:1 | 82 kW (111 PS ; 110 bhp ) | Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) fuel injection, vane-type air flow meter | 08/84–07/92 | sold in European countries not requiring catalytic converter | |
MV | 9:1 | 70 kW (95 PS; 94 bhp) | Digifant fuel injection, vane-type air flow meter | 08/85–07/92 | 90 bhp in USA and Canada; also used until the end of Vanagon importation into the USA and Canada in 1991 | |
SR | 64 kW (87 PS; 86 bhp) | Digifant fuel injection, vane-type air flow meter | 08/86–07/92 | Switzerland only | ||
SS | 9:1 | 68 kW (92 PS; 91 bhp) | Digifant fuel injection, vane-type air flow meter | 08/89–07/92 |
The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized.
In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber.
VR6 engines are V6 piston engines with a narrow angle between the cylinder banks and a single cylinder head covering both banks of cylinders.
The Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) was the third generation of the Volkswagen Transporter and was marketed under various nameplates worldwide – including the Transporter or Caravelle in Europe, T25 in the UK, Microbus in South Africa, and Vanagon in North and South America.
An overhead valve (OHV) engine is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier flathead engines, where the valves were located below the combustion chamber in the engine block.
The Volkswagen G60 and G40 engines are inline-four cylinder automobile petrol engines, which uses a specific method of forced induction - by way of a scroll-type supercharger. The G60 engine was formerly manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen Group, and was installed in a limited number of their 'hot hatch' cars from their Volkswagen Passenger Cars marque from August 1988 to July 1993.
A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gasses out of the combustion chamber once combustion is completed.
The cam-in-block valvetrain layout of piston engines is one where the camshaft is placed within the cylinder block, usually beside and slightly above the crankshaft in a straight engine or directly above the crankshaft in the V of a V engine. This contrasts with an overhead camshaft (OHC) design which places the camshafts within the cylinder head and drives the valves directly or through short rocker arms.
The intake/inlet over exhaust, or "IOE" engine, known in the US as F-head, is a four-stroke internal combustion engine whose valvetrain comprises OHV inlet valves within the cylinder head and exhaust side-valves within the engine block.
The Volkswagen D24 engine is a 2.4-litre inline-six-cylinder (R6/I6), naturally aspirated diesel engine, formerly manufactured by Volkswagen Group from 1978 to 1995.
The Talbot 14-45 also known as Talbot 65 is a luxury car designed by Georges Roesch and made by Clément Talbot Limited in their North Kensington factory and usually bodied by fellow subsidiary of S T D Limited, Darracq Motor Engineering in Fulham.
The Green D.4 was a four-cylinder watercooled inline piston engine produced by the Green Engine Co in the UK in 1909. It produced about 60 hp (45 kW) and played an important role in the development of British aviation before World War I.
The Fiat AN.1 was an experimental Italian water-cooled diesel straight six cylinder aircraft engine from the late 1920s.
The Mercedes-Benz OM 138 is a diesel engine manufactured by Daimler-Benz. In total, 5,719 units were produced between 1935 and 1940. It was the first diesel engine especially developed and made for a passenger car. The first vehicle powered by the OM 138 was the Mercedes-Benz W 138. The light Mercedes-Benz trucks L 1100 and L 1500 as well as the bus O 1500 were also offered with the OM 138 as an alternative to the standard Otto engine.
The Volkswagen-Audi V8 engine family is a series of mechanically similar, gasoline-powered and diesel-powered, V-8, internal combustion piston engines, developed and produced by the Volkswagen Group, in partnership with Audi, since 1988. They have been used in various Volkswagen Group models, and by numerous Volkswagen-owned companies. The first spark-ignition gasoline V-8 engine configuration was used in the 1988 Audi V8 model; and the first compression-ignition diesel V8 engine configuration was used in the 1999 Audi A8 3.3 TDI Quattro. The V8 gasoline and diesel engines have been used in most Audi, Volkswagen, Porsche, Bentley, and Lamborghini models ever since. The larger-displacement diesel V8 engine configuration has also been used in various Scania commercial vehicles; such as in trucks, buses, and marine (boat) applications.