Deep cervical lymph nodes

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Deep cervical lymph nodes
Illu lymph chain02.jpg
Deep Lymph Nodes
  1. Submental
  2. Submandibular (Submaxillary)
Anterior Cervical Lymph Nodes (Deep)
  1. Prelaryngeal
  2. Thyroid
  3. Pretracheal
  4. Paratracheal
Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
  1. Lateral jugular
  2. Anterior jugular
  3. Jugulodigastric
Inferior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
  1. Juguloomohyoid
  2. Supraclavicular (scalene)
Details
System Lymphatic system
Drains to Jugular trunk
Identifiers
Latin nodi lymphoidei cervicales profundi
Anatomical terminology

The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes in the neck [1] that form a chain along the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath. [2]

Contents

Structure

Classification

The deep cervical lymph nodes are subdivided into a superior group and an inferior group. [3] [4]

Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes.[ citation needed ]

They can also be divided into three groups: "superior deep jugular", "middle deep jugular", and "inferior deep jugular". [5] [6]

Relations

The deep cervical lymph nodes are contained in the carotid sheath in the neck, close to the internal jugular vein. [7] They connect to the meningeal lymphatic vessels superiorly. [8] [9]

Afferents

All lymphatic vessels of the head and neck ultimately drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes - either by way of other lymph nodes or directly from tissues. [4]

CNS lymphatic vessels have been found to drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes in a 2016 animal study. [10]

Efferents

Efferents of the deep cervical lymph nodes form the ipsilateral jugular trunk. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neck</span> Part of the body on many vertebrates that connects the head with the torso

The neck is the part of the body on many vertebrates that connects the head with the torso. The neck supports the weight of the head and protects the nerves that carry sensory and motor information from the brain down to the rest of the body. In addition, the neck is highly flexible and allows the head to turn and flex in all directions. The structures of the human neck are anatomically grouped into four compartments: vertebral, visceral and two vascular compartments. Within these compartments, the neck houses the cervical vertebrae and cervical part of the spinal cord, upper parts of the respiratory and digestive tracts, endocrine glands, nerves, arteries and veins. Muscles of the neck are described separately from the compartments. They bound the neck triangles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lymphatic system</span> Organ system in vertebrates complementary to the circulatory system

The lymphatic system, or lymphoid system, is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the immune system, and complementary to the circulatory system. It consists of a large network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs, lymphatic tissue and lymph. Lymph is a clear fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels back to the heart for re-circulation. The Latin word for lymph, lympha, refers to the deity of fresh water, "Lympha".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thoracic duct</span> Lymphatic vessel

In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. The thoracic duct usually begins from the upper aspect of the cisterna chyli, passing out of the abdomen through the aortic hiatus into first the posterior mediastinum and then the superior mediastinum, extending as high up as the root of the neck before descending to drain into the systemic (blood) circulation at the venous angle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paratracheal lymph nodes</span>

The right and left paratracheal lymph nodes are lymph nodes in the neck situated lateral to the trachea and esophagus alongside the recurrent laryngeal nerve. They drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ansa cervicalis</span> From cervical plexus

The ansa cervicalis is a loop formed by muscular branches of the cervical plexus formed by branches of cervical spinal nerves C1-C3. The ansa cervicalis has two roots - a superior root and an inferior root - that unite distally, forming a loop. It is situated within the carotid sheath.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carotid sheath</span>

The carotid sheath is a condensation of the deep cervical fascia enveloping multiple vital neurovascular structures of the neck, including the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve, and ansa cervicalis. The carotid sheath helps protects the structures contained therein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deep cervical fascia</span>

The deep cervical fascia lies under cover of the platysma, and invests the muscles of the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column. Its attachment to the hyoid bone prevents the formation of a dewlap.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cervical lymph nodes</span> Lymph nodes found in the neck

Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. Of the 800 lymph nodes in the human body, 300 are in the neck. Cervical lymph nodes are subject to a number of different pathological conditions including tumours, infection and inflammation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prevertebral fascia</span> Layer of deep cervical fascia that surrounds the vertebral column

The prevertebral fascia is the layer of deep cervical fascia that surrounds the vertebral column. It is the deepest layer of deep cervical fascia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pretracheal fascia</span>

The pretracheal fascia is a layer of the deep cervical fascia at the front of the neck. It attaches to the hyoid bone above, and - extending down into the thorax - blends with the fibrous pericardium below. It encloses the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands, trachea, and esophagus. It extends medially in front of the carotid vessels. It assists in forming the carotid sheath.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jugular lymph trunk</span>

The jugular trunk is a lymphatic vessel in the neck. It is formed by vessels that emerge from the superior deep cervical lymph nodes and unite to efferents of the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes</span>

The inferior deep cervical lymph nodes are one of the two groups of the deep cervical lymph nodes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superior deep cervical lymph nodes</span> Lymphatic Organs

The superior deep cervical lymph nodes are the deep cervical lymph nodes that are situated adjacent to the superior portion of the internal jugular vein. They drain either to the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes or into the jugular trunk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superficial cervical lymph nodes</span>

The superficial cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes that lie near the surface of the neck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deep lateral cervical lymph nodes</span>

The deep lateral cervical lymph nodes are found near the upper part of the internal jugular vein in the neck, lateral or posterior to the carotid sheath.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pretracheal lymph nodes</span>

The pretracheal lymph nodes are lymph nodes located anterior to the trachea in the neck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parapharyngeal space</span>

The parapharyngeal space, is a potential space in the head and the neck. It has clinical importance in otolaryngology due to parapharyngeal space tumours and parapharyngeal abscess developing in this area. It is also a key anatomic landmark for localizing disease processes in the surrounding spaces of the neck; the direction of its displacement indirectly reflects the site of origin for masses or infection in adjacent areas, and consequently their appropriate differential diagnosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meningeal lymphatic vessels</span>

The meningeal lymphatic vessels are a network of conventional lymphatic vessels located parallel to the dural venous sinuses and middle meningeal arteries of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). As a part of the lymphatic system, the meningeal lymphatics are responsible for draining immune cells, small molecules, and excess fluid from the CNS into the deep cervical lymph nodes. Cerebrospinal fluid, and interstitial fluid are exchanged, and drained by the meningeal lymphatic vessels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Kipnis</span> Neuroscientist

Jonathan Kipnis is a neuroscientist, immunologist, and professor of pathology and immunology at the Washington University School of Medicine. His lab studies interactions between the immune system and nervous system. He is best known for his lab's discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels in humans and mice, which has impacted research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and Rett syndrome.

References

  1. ↑ Ellis H, Standring S, Gray HD (2005). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p.  936. ISBN   0-443-07168-3.
  2. ↑ Fehrenbach, Margaret J.; Herring, Susan W. (2017). Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck (5th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier. p. 148. ISBN   978-0-323-39634-9.
  3. ↑ Dalley AF, Moore KL (2006). Clinically oriented anatomy . Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.  356. ISBN   0-7817-3639-0.
  4. 1 2 3 Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 593. ISBN   978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC   1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ↑ "Lymphatic drainage and fascial planes in the neck". Archived from the original on 2008-02-16.
  6. ↑ Core Curriculum: Review of Neck Anatomy Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Woodward PJ, Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Ahuja AT, eds. (2018-01-01). "Midcervical Level". Imaging Anatomy: Ultrasound (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 118–123. ISBN   978-0-323-54800-7.
  8. ↑ Anrather J (2017-01-01). "Chapter 28 - Pathophysiology of the Peripheral Immune Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke". In Caplan LR, Biller J, Leary MC, Lo EH (eds.). Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases (Second ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 139–145. ISBN   978-0-12-803058-5.
  9. ↑ Louveau A, Smirnov I, Keyes TJ, Eccles JD, Rouhani SJ, Peske JD, et al. (July 2015). "Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels". Nature. 523 (7560): 337–41. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..337L. doi:10.1038/nature14432. PMC   4506234 . PMID   26030524.
  10. ↑ Louveau, Antoine; Smirnov, Igor; Keyes, Timothy J.; Eccles, Jacob D.; Rouhani, Sherin J.; Peske, J. David; Derecki, Noel C.; Castle, David; Mandell, James W.; Lee, Kevin S.; Harris, Tajie H.; Kipnis, Jonathan (July 2015). "Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels". Nature. 523 (7560): 337–341. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..337L. doi:10.1038/nature14432. ISSN   1476-4687. PMC   4506234 . PMID   26030524.


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