Federal Assembly Федеральное собрание Federalnoye sobraniye | |
---|---|
Type | |
Type | |
Houses | • Federation Council • State Duma |
History | |
Founded | 12 December 1993 |
Preceded by | Supreme Soviet of Russia Constitutional Conference of Russia |
Leadership | |
Structure | |
Seats | State Duma: 450 Federation Council: 170 |
Federation Council political groups | Political parties (167)
Vacant (2)
|
State Duma political groups | Government (324)
Other parties (125)
|
Elections | |
Parallel voting | |
Last Federation Council election | 12 December 1993 |
Last State Duma election | 17–19 September 2021 |
Next State Duma election | Before 20 September 2026 |
Meeting place | |
Federation Council Building, Moscow | |
State Duma Building, Moscow | |
Website | |
Gov.ru | |
Constitution | |
Constitution of Russia, Chapter V, Articles 94-109 |
The Federal Assembly [lower-alpha 1] is the bicameral national legislature of Russia. The upper house is the Federation Council, and the lower house is the State Duma. The assembly was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, replacing the former Supreme Soviet of Russia. It is located in Moscow.
The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia. [1] [2] The assembly replaced
The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Government, deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others. [3]
The jurisdiction of the Council of the Federation includes: approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation, approval of the decree of the President on the introduction of a martial law or on the introduction of a state of emergency, deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of Russia outside the territory of Russia, appointment of elections of the President, impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of higher courts of Russia, appointment and dismissal of the Procurator-General of the Russian Federation, appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounting Chamber and others. [4]
Since the 2003 elections, the Federal Assembly has been referred to by analysts and observers as being a rubber stamp institution. [5] [6] [7] [8]
As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is, the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.
The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the State Duma and Federation Council be combined into one building. [9] [10] In 2012, the idea was supported by President Dmitry Medvedev. [11] Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in Moscow, and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.
Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: Kutuzovsky Prospekt, Frunzenskaya embankment, "Moscow City", Tushino airfield, Krasnaya Presnya, Moskvoretskaya embankment, Park Museon and the Sofia embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists. [12]
The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition. [13] The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time. [14]
Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the building of the Council of Labor and Defense which was designed by Arkady Langman and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.
Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020. [15] However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like. [16]
The chairman of the government of the Russian Federation, also informally known as the prime minister, is the head of government of Russia and the second highest ranking political office in Russia. Although the post dates back to 1905, its current form was established on 12 December 1993 following the introduction of a new constitution.
A rubber stamp is a political metaphor, referring to a person or institution with considerable de jure power but little de facto power — one that rarely or never disagrees with more powerful organizations. Historian Edward S. Ellis used the term toy parliament to describe a rubber-stamp legislature.
The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.
The Federation Council, unofficially Senate, is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.
The Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, also called Speaker (спикер), is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Russian parliament. It is the fourth highest position, after the President, the Prime Minister and the Chairman of the Federation Council, in the government of Russia. His responsibilities include overseeing the day-to-day business of the State Duma, presiding and maintaining order at the regular sessions of the parliament. The Speaker also chairs the Council of the Duma which includes representatives from all the parliamentary parties and determines the legislative agenda.
Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin is a Russian politician who currently serves as the 10th Chairman of the State Duma.
Mikhail Viktorovich Babich is a Russian politician and diplomat. Russian Ambassador to Belarus in 2018–2019.
Sergey Nikolaevich Shishkarev is a Russian entrepreneur, ex-politician, and public figure. He is the founder and chairman of the board of directors of the Delo Group. Additionally, he holds the vice-president of the Russian Olympic Committee and Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Handball Federation of Russia. He is a Doctor of Law.
Right Cause (PD), officially the All-Russian Political Party “Right Cause”, was an officially registered centre-right Russian political party that existed from 2008 to 2016. It was created from the merger of three parties: Civilian Power, the Democratic Party of Russia (DPR), and the Union of Right Forces, and it declared itself liberal.
The Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, also called Speaker (спикер), is the presiding officer of the Upper house of the Russian parliament. It is the third highest position, after the President and the Prime Minister, in the government of Russia. In the case of incapacity of the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes Acting President of Russia.
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.
Mikhail Vladimirovich Degtyarev is a Russian politician serving as Governor of Khabarovsk Krai since 24 September 2021.
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 7th convocation is a former convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.
Sergey Ivanoviсh Neverov is a Russian political figure, deputy chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of VI, VII and VIII convocations. He was the parliamentary leader of United Russia since 9 October 2017 to 19 September 2021. He was the Secretary of the General Council of the party United Russia from 2011 to 2017.
By-elections to the 7th Russian State Duma were held to fill vacancies in the State Duma between the 2016 election and the 2021 election.
The 2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly was given by the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, in the Moscow Manege.
Oleg Alekseyevich Nikolayev, is a Russian statesman, politician, and economist who is currently the Head of the Chuvash Republic since 22 September 2020. He is the chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Chuvash Republic since 6 February 2020, and a member of the Central Council of the A Just Russia party since 2020.
Oleg Viktorovich Morozov is a Russian and former Soviet politician. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation. He was a deputy in the State Duma between 1993 and 2012 and again since 2020. He served as a member of the Federation Council between September 2015 and September 2020. From May 2012 till March 2015, he worked as head of the presidential office for domestic policy. He supports the United Russia party.
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.
The 2023 Moscow mayoral election took place on 10 September 2023, on common election day. Incumbent Mayor Sergey Sobyanin was running to a fourth term in office. It was a landslide victory for Sobyanin, who was re-elected with 76% of the vote.
Duma election of 2003, reducing the legislature to a rubber stamp.
Russian elections are not free and fair, and Parliament's role in recent years has mainly been to rubber-stamp the Kremlin's initiatives while providing a veneer of democratic legitimacy to Mr. Putin's rule.
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