The following list of countries by labour productivity ranks countries by their labour productivity (also called workforce productivity). Labour productivity is the gross domestic product generated per hour of working time.
Different countries by labour productivity per working hour in 2019 International dollar according to Our World in Data: [1]
Country | GDP per working hour (2019 US$ PPP) | Year |
---|---|---|
Ireland | 125.09 | 2019 |
Norway | 100.33 | 2019 |
Switzerland | 82.92 | 2019 |
Luxembourg | 80.33 | 2019 |
Denmark | 76.00 | 2019 |
United States | 73.70 | 2019 |
Netherlands | 69.78 | 2019 |
Germany | 68.85 | 2019 |
France | 68.63 | 2019 |
Belgium | 66.27 | 2019 |
Sweden | 65.54 | 2019 |
Austria | 65.15 | 2019 |
Iceland | 64.24 | 2019 |
Australia | 61.44 | 2019 |
Finland | 58.44 | 2019 |
Canada | 57.24 | 2019 |
Spain | 56.31 | 2019 |
Italy | 56.09 | 2019 |
Singapore | 54.55 | 2019 |
United Kingdom | 54.35 | 2019 |
Hong Kong | 49.12 | 2019 |
Taiwan | 46.01 | 2019 |
New Zealand | 44.55 | 2019 |
Turkey | 43.69 | 2019 |
Japan | 42.56 | 2019 |
Slovenia | 42.50 | 2019 |
Cyprus | 42.39 | 2019 |
Czech Republic | 40.93 | 2019 |
Israel | 40.87 | 2019 |
South Korea | 40.77 | 2019 |
Malta | 40.63 | 2019 |
Estonia | 37.10 | 2019 |
Poland | 37.08 | 2019 |
Slovakia | 35.83 | 2019 |
Portugal | 35.15 | 2019 |
Hungary | 34.83 | 2019 |
Romania | 34.72 | 2019 |
Lithuania | 34.45 | 2019 |
Latvia | 33.54 | 2019 |
Greece | 33.03 | 2019 |
Croatia | 32.26 | 2019 |
Russia | 29.55 | 2019 |
Argentina | 29.43 | 2019 |
Chile | 28.42 | 2019 |
Uruguay | 28.38 | 2019 |
Bulgaria | 26.55 | 2019 |
Malaysia | 24.75 | 2019 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 21.24 | 2002 |
Mexico | 20.34 | 2019 |
Costa Rica | 20.02 | 2019 |
Brazil | 19.20 | 2019 |
Sri Lanka | 18.02 | 2019 |
South Africa | 17.97 | 2019 |
Venezuela | 17.80 | 2006 |
Dominican Republic | 17.53 | 2019 |
Colombia | 16.96 | 2019 |
Ecuador | 15.26 | 2019 |
Thailand | 15.17 | 2019 |
Indonesia | 11.84 | 2019 |
China | 11.69 | 2019 |
Peru | 11.01 | 2019 |
Philippines | 9.93 | 2019 |
Pakistan | 8.77 | 2019 |
India | 8.68 | 2019 |
Jamaica | 7.71 | 2002 |
Vietnam | 6.74 | 2019 |
Myanmar | 5.15 | 2019 |
Bangladesh | 4.79 | 2019 |
Cambodia | 3.43 | 2019 |
Different countries by labour productivity per working hour in 2017 International dollar according to the International Labour Organization (ILO): [2]
Country | GDP per working hour (2017 US$ PPP) | Year |
---|---|---|
Luxembourg | 146.1 | 2023 |
Ireland | 142.5 | 2023 |
Norway | 92.6 | 2023 |
Netherlands | 79.8 | 2023 |
Denmark | 78.2 | 2023 |
Switzerland | 75.6 | 2023 |
Belgium | 75.5 | 2023 |
Austria | 74.2 | 2023 |
Singapore | 73.8 | 2023 |
Sweden | 70.0 | 2023 |
Guyana | 69.9 | 2023 |
United States | 69.7 | 2023 |
Finland | 68.6 | 2023 |
Germany | 68,1 | 2023 |
France | 67.9 | 2023 |
Italy | 61.7 | 2023 |
Macau | 60.6 | 2023 |
United Kingdom | 59,0 | 2023 |
Australia | 58.7 | 2023 |
Iceland | 57.9 | 2023 |
Israel | 57.2 | 2023 |
Taiwan | 57.0 | 2023 |
Canada | 56.9 | 2023 |
Spain | 56.6 | 2023 |
Hong Kong | 56.5 | 2023 |
Saudi Arabia | 53.2 | 2023 |
Qatar | 52.6 | 2023 |
Malta | 50.7 | 2023 |
Puerto Rico | 50.3 | 2023 |
Brunei | 49.5 | 2023 |
Slovenia | 48.2 | 2023 |
Lithuania | 46.4 | 2023 |
Czech Republic | 46.3 | 2023 |
New Zealand | 45.6 | 2023 |
Panama | 44.9 | 2023 |
Croatia | 44.1 | 2023 |
Bahrain | 43.9 | 2023 |
Estonia | 43.9 | 2023 |
Portugal | 43.7 | 2023 |
South Korea | 42.0 | 2023 |
Greece | 41.9 | 2023 |
United Arab Emirates | 41.7 | 2023 |
Japan | 41.6 | 2023 |
Latvia | 40.7 | 2023 |
Turkey | 40.4 | 2023 |
Romania | 38.4 | 2023 |
Kuwait | 37.6 | 2023 |
Slovakia | 36.6 | 2023 |
Poland | 36.5 | 2023 |
Hungary | 35.5 | 2023 |
Cyprus | 34.7 | 2023 |
Bahamas | 32.9 | 2023 |
Oman | 31.4 | 2023 |
Kazakhstan | 30.1 | 2023 |
Libya | 29.7 | 2023 |
Uruguay | 29.6 | 2023 |
Russia | 29.5 | 2023 |
Chile | 28.9 | 2023 |
Bulgaria | 28.6 | 2023 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 27.8 | 2023 |
Argentina | 27.5 | 2023 |
Malaysia | 25.9 | 2023 |
Montenegro | 25.8 | 2023 |
Gabon | 25.6 | 2023 |
Mauritius | 25.5 | 2023 |
Iraq | 25.2 | 2023 |
Costa Rica | 25.1 | 2023 |
Iran | 23.1 | 2023 |
North Macedonia | 22.7 | 2023 |
Turkmenistan | 22.0 | 2023 |
Dominican Republic | 21.9 | 2023 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 21.5 | 2023 |
Georgia | 21.5 | 2023 |
Botswana | 20.8 | 2023 |
South Africa | 20.8 | 2023 |
Serbia | 20.6 | 2023 |
Armenia | 20.5 | 2023 |
Maldives | 20.5 | 2023 |
Mexico | 20.2 | 2023 |
Suriname | 20.1 | 2023 |
Egypt | 19.9 | 2023 |
Equatorial Guinea | 19.9 | 2023 |
Belarus | 19.7 | 2023 |
Djibouti | 19.5 | 2023 |
Algeria | 19.4 | 2023 |
Fiji | 18.6 | 2023 |
Cuba | 17.9 | 2023 |
Jordan | 17.8 | 2023 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 17.5 | 2023 |
Brazil | 16.9 | 2023 |
Lebanon | 16.9 | 2023 |
Barbados | 16.7 | 2023 |
Albania | 16.5 | 2023 |
Azerbaijan | 16.5 | 2023 |
Tunisia | 16.0 | 2023 |
Colombia | 15.8 | 2023 |
Saint Lucia | 15.7 | 2023 |
Eswatini | 15.6 | 2023 |
China | 15.4 | 2023 |
Sri Lanka | 14.9 | 2023 |
Thailand | 14.7 | 2023 |
Namibia | 14.1 | 2023 |
Paraguay | 13.7 | 2023 |
Indonesia | 13.5 | 2023 |
Mongolia | 13.5 | 2023 |
Mauritania | 12.9 | 2023 |
Morocco | 12.4 | 2023 |
Peru | 12.3 | 2023 |
Yemen | 12.1 | 2023 |
Venezuela | 11.6 | 2023 |
Ecuador | 11.5 | 2023 |
Belize | 11.3 | 2023 |
Guatemala | 11.1 | 2023 |
Uzbekistan | 11.1 | 2023 |
Tonga | 10.6 | 2023 |
Philippines | 10.5 | 2023 |
Vietnam | 9.8 | 2023 |
El Salvador | 9.7 | 2023 |
Laos | 9.4 | 2023 |
Cape Verde | 9.3 | 2023 |
Jamaica | 8.9 | 2023 |
Moldova | 8.7 | 2023 |
Bolivia | 8.6 | 2023 |
Tajikistan | 8.5 | 2023 |
Angola | 8.0 | 2023 |
India | 7.9 | 2023 |
Ghana | 7.8 | 2023 |
Samoa | 7.8 | 2023 |
Bhutan | 7.6 | 2023 |
Nepal | 7.5 | 2023 |
Western Sahara | 7.4 | 2023 |
Kyrgyzstan | 7.2 | 2023 |
Nicaragua | 7.0 | 2023 |
Pakistan | 6.9 | 2023 |
Timor-Leste | 6.9 | 2023 |
Ivory Coast | 6.8 | 2023 |
Honduras | 6.8 | 2023 |
Nigeria | 6.8 | 2023 |
Bangladesh | 6.6 | 2023 |
Comoros | 6.6 | 2023 |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 6.4 | 2023 |
Sudan | 6.2 | 2023 |
Papua New Guinea | 5.7 | 2023 |
Senegal | 5.5 | 2023 |
Syria | 5.3 | 2023 |
Somalia | 5.0 | 2023 |
Benin | 4.9 | 2023 |
Kenya | 4.9 | 2023 |
Rwanda | 4.9 | 2023 |
Guinea | 4.8 | 2023 |
Myanmar | 4.8 | 2023 |
Vanuatu | 4.8 | 2023 |
Zambia | 4.6 | 2023 |
Cameroon | 4.3 | 2023 |
Republic of the Congo | 4.2 | 2023 |
Cambodia | 3.8 | 2023 |
Ethiopia | 3.4 | 2023 |
Gambia | 3.4 | 2023 |
Haiti | 3.4 | 2023 |
Guinea-Bissau | 3.2 | 2023 |
South Sudan | 3.2 | 2023 |
Uganda | 3.2 | 2023 |
Zimbabwe | 3.2 | 2023 |
Afghanistan | 3.0 | 2023 |
Togo | 3.0 | 2023 |
Mali | 2.9 | 2023 |
Burkina Faso | 2.8 | 2023 |
Tanzania | 2.8 | 2023 |
Lesotho | 2.5 | 2023 |
Malawi | 2.5 | 2023 |
Solomon Islands | 2.4 | 2023 |
Sierra Leone | 2.3 | 2023 |
Eritrea | 2.1 | 2023 |
Mozambique | 2.0 | 2023 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1.9 | 2023 |
Madagascar | 1.8 | 2023 |
Niger | 1.7 | 2023 |
North Korea | 1.3 | 2023 |
Liberia | 1.3 | 2023 |
Central African Republic | 1.1 | 2023 |
Burundi | 0.8 | 2023 |
Different countries by development of labour productivity since 1970 according to the OECD: [3]
Country | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | 51.4 | 60.3 | 66.0 | 80.9 | 92.2 | 100 | 103.1 |
Austria | 83.0 | 95.6 | 100 | 103.7 | |||
Belgium | 38.4 | 58.3 | 71.6 | 88.1 | 96.4 | 100 | 104.0 |
Bulgaria | 63.8 | 89.5 | 100 | 110.6 | |||
Canada | 56.1 | 66.6 | 73.1 | 86.7 | 94.7 | 100 | 111.4 |
Chile | 43.4 | 72.5 | 89.6 | 100 | 119.4 | ||
Colombia | 73.3 | 80.8 | 77.3 | 89.0 | 100 | 134.2 | |
Costa Rica | 68.1 | 86.9 | 100 | 128.1 | |||
Croatia | 75.2 | 88.5 | 100 | 97.3 | |||
Czech Republic | 66.0 | 91.7 | 100 | 107.8 | |||
Denmark | 39.2 | 54.5 | 70.0 | 85.6 | 94.2 | 100 | 107.7 |
Estonia | 60.5 | 95.2 | 100 | 119.5 | |||
Finland | 30.2 | 46.8 | 63.3 | 86.5 | 98.9 | 100 | 103.3 |
France | 36.6 | 54.3 | 72.9 | 87.5 | 95.7 | 100 | 103.5 |
Germany | 38.8 | 56.2 | 70.9 | 87.1 | 94.9 | 100 | 104.0 |
Greece | 85.1 | 99.9 | 112.8 | 100 | 99.0 | ||
Hungary | 69.3 | 97.5 | 100 | 112.1 | |||
Iceland | 33.2 | 54.9 | 61.6 | 69.6 | 96.1 | 100 | 108.8 |
Ireland | 17.0 | 27.1 | 39.3 | 58.9 | 78.8 | 100 | 122.4 |
Israel | 75.6 | 81.6 | 92.5 | 100 | 115.1 | ||
Italy | 47.5 | 70.9 | 84.6 | 99.1 | 98.9 | 100 | 103.0 |
Japan | 30.2 | 45.8 | 68.0 | 84.5 | 94.1 | 100 | 104.5 |
South Korea | 8.4 | 14.6 | 30.8 | 55.9 | 90.4 | 100 | 117.6 |
Latvia | 54.1 | 87.4 | 100 | 116.1 | |||
Lithuania | 53.4 | 88.0 | 100 | 119.5 | |||
Luxembourg | 46.5 | 58.3 | 82.3 | 97.7 | 101.4 | 100 | 101.1 |
Mexico | 99.1 | 94.4 | 100 | 98.2 | |||
Netherlands | 44.5 | 65.0 | 77.2 | 88.0 | 97.1 | 100 | 98.8 |
New Zealand | 57.2 | 62.1 | 74.9 | 84.1 | 94.3 | 100 | 101.3 |
Norway | 35.0 | 54.0 | 69.2 | 90.5 | 97.2 | 100 | 102.7 |
Poland | 64.6 | 91.3 | 100 | 119.6 | |||
Portugal | 41.0 | 58.3 | 71.5 | 86.1 | 97.2 | 100 | 103.2 |
Romania | 43.8 | 82.4 | 100 | 117.8 | |||
Russia | 63.5 | 95.0 | 100 | 112.3 | |||
Slovakia | 58.6 | 89.7 | 100 | 112.7 | |||
Slovenia | 76.3 | 96.4 | 100 | 111.5 | |||
South Africa | 89.7 | 100 | |||||
Spain | 37.6 | 59.6 | 78.5 | 86.9 | 94.3 | 100 | 101.0 |
Sweden | 44.2 | 56.2 | 63.1 | 79.6 | 95.0 | 100 | 103.3 |
Switzerland | 57.8 | 70.8 | 77.6 | 86.4 | 97.8 | 100 | 107.0 |
Turkey | 26.6 | 35.1 | 52.2 | 62.4 | 83.6 | 100 | 122.0 |
United Kingdom | 40.4 | 53.8 | 66.8 | 87.1 | 97.7 | 100 | 104.6 |
United States | 48.8 | 56.7 | 66.0 | 78.9 | 98.2 | 100 | 106.3 |
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a basket of goods at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs, and other transaction costs.
Employment is a relationship between two parties regulating the provision of paid labour services. Usually based on a contract, one party, the employer, which might be a corporation, a not-for-profit organization, a co-operative, or any other entity, pays the other, the employee, in return for carrying out assigned work. Employees work in return for wages, which can be paid on the basis of an hourly rate, by piecework or an annual salary, depending on the type of work an employee does, the prevailing conditions of the sector and the bargaining power between the parties. Employees in some sectors may receive gratuities, bonus payments or stock options. In some types of employment, employees may receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits may include health insurance, housing, disability insurance. Employment is typically governed by employment laws, organisation or legal contracts.
A wage is payment made by an employer to an employee for work done in a specific period of time. Some examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as minimum wage, prevailing wage, and yearly bonuses, and remunerative payments such as prizes and tip payouts. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company.
Productivity is the efficiency of production of goods or services expressed by some measure. Measurements of productivity are often expressed as a ratio of an aggregate output to a single input or an aggregate input used in a production process, i.e. output per unit of input, typically over a specific period of time. The most common example is the (aggregate) labour productivity measure, one example of which is GDP per worker. There are many different definitions of productivity and the choice among them depends on the purpose of the productivity measurement and data availability. The key source of difference between various productivity measures is also usually related to how the outputs and the inputs are aggregated to obtain such a ratio-type measure of productivity.
The economies of Canada and the United States are similar because both are developed countries. While both countries feature in the top ten economies in the world in 2022, the U.S. is the largest economy in the world, with US$24.8 trillion, with Canada ranking ninth at US$2.2 trillion.
Working (laboring) time is the period of time that a person spends at paid labor. Unpaid labor such as personal housework or caring for children or pets is not considered part of the working week.
Real wages are wages adjusted for inflation, or, equivalently, wages in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought. This term is used in contrast to nominal wages or unadjusted wages.
A part-time job is a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job. They work in shifts. The shifts are often rotational. Workers are considered to be part-time if they commonly work fewer than 30 hours per week. According to the International Labour Organization, the number of part-time workers has increased from one-quarter to a half in the past 20 years in most developed countries, excluding the United States. There are many reasons for working part-time, including the desire to do so, having one's hours cut back by an employer and being unable to find a full-time job. The International Labour Organisation Convention 175 requires that part-time workers be treated no less favourably than full-time workers.
Many both in and outside Japan share an image of the Japanese work environment that is based on a "simultaneous recruiting of new graduates" and "lifetime-employment" model used by large companies as well as a reputation of long work-hours and strong devotion to one's company. This environment is said to reflect economic conditions beginning in the 1920s, when major corporations competing in the international marketplace began to accrue the same prestige that had traditionally been ascribed to the daimyō–retainer relationship of feudal Japan or government service in the Meiji Restoration.
Workforce productivity is the amount of goods and services that a group of workers produce in a given amount of time. It is one of several types of productivity that economists measure. Workforce productivity, often referred to as labor productivity, is a measure for an organisation or company, a process, an industry, or a country.
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The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Women are generally found to be paid less than men. There are two distinct numbers regarding the pay gap: non-adjusted versus adjusted pay gap. The latter typically takes into account differences in hours worked, occupations chosen, education and job experience. In the United States, for example, the non-adjusted average woman's annual salary is 79–83% of the average man's salary, compared to 95–99% for the adjusted average salary.
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