This is the list of countries by trade-to-GDP ratio, i.e. the sum of exports and imports of goods and services, divided by gross domestic product, expressed as a percentage, based on the data published by World Bank. The trade-to-GDP ratio is also known as the "trade openness index". [1] The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.
The following table provides information on exports [2] and imports [3] of goods and services, based on the data published by World Bank, trade openness index, calculated as their sum, and the ratio between exports and imports.
Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.
| Country/Territory/Region/Group | Exports (% of GDP) | Imports (% of GDP) | Trade Openness Index (% of GDP) | Export/ Import ratio | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 WORLD | 30.96% | 30.48% | 61.44% | 1.02 | 2022 |
 Aruba | 83.12% | 77.33% | 160.46% | 1.07 | 2022 |
 Afghanistan | 14.34% | 37.07% | 51.41% | 0.39 | 2021 |
 Angola | 43.42% | 24.75% | 68.17% | 1.75 | 2022 |
 Albania | 37.40% | 47.75% | 85.15% | 0.78 | 2022 |
 United Arab Emirates | 95.93% | 70.65% | 166.57% | 1.36 | 2020 |
 Argentina | 16.30% | 15.35% | 31.65% | 1.06 | 2022 |
 Armenia | 50.01% | 50.99% | 101.01% | 0.98 | 2022 |
 American Samoa | 46.96% | 77.73% | 124.68% | 0.60 | 2022 |
 Antigua and Barbuda | 54.69% | 62.94% | 117.63% | 0.87 | 2022 |
 Australia | 25.43% | 19.71% | 45.14% | 1.29 | 2022 |
 Austria | 62.08% | 61.60% | 123.69% | 1.01 | 2022 |
 Azerbaijan | 60.05% | 27.03% | 87.08% | 2.22 | 2022 |
 Burundi | 4.97% | 23.34% | 28.32% | 0.21 | 2022 |
 Belgium | 95.73% | 97.36% | 193.09% | 0.98 | 2022 |
 Benin | 21.65% | 29.28% | 50.93% | 0.74 | 2022 |
 Burkina Faso | 31.75% | 33.10% | 64.85% | 0.96 | 2022 |
 Bangladesh | 12.88% | 20.90% | 33.78% | 0.62 | 2022 |
 Bulgaria | 69.19% | 68.99% | 138.18% | 1.00 | 2022 |
 Bahrain | 89.68% | 70.19% | 159.87% | 1.28 | 2021 |
 Bahamas | 37.53% | 42.67% | 80.20% | 0.88 | 2022 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 48.25% | 62.04% | 110.28% | 0.78 | 2022 |
 Belarus | 63.71% | 57.87% | 121.58% | 1.10 | 2022 |
 Belize | 52.37% | 55.58% | 107.95% | 0.94 | 2022 |
 Bermuda | 52.35% | 25.98% | 78.33% | 2.01 | 2022 |
 Bolivia | 32.61% | 35.14% | 67.76% | 0.93 | 2022 |
 Brazil | 20.05% | 19.29% | 39.34% | 1.04 | 2022 |
 Barbados | 35.13% | 43.22% | 78.35% | 0.81 | 2022 |
 Brunei Darussalam | 86.39% | 60.58% | 146.97% | 1.43 | 2022 |
 Bhutan | 29.20% | 48.38% | 77.58% | 0.60 | 2021 |
 Botswana | 43.47% | 42.00% | 85.47% | 1.04 | 2022 |
 Central African Republic | 12.30% | 32.93% | 45.23% | 0.37 | 2022 |
 Canada | 33.79% | 33.65% | 67.44% | 1.00 | 2022 |
 Switzerland | 76.94% | 63.23% | 140.17% | 1.22 | 2022 |
 Chile | 35.67% | 39.35% | 75.02% | 0.91 | 2022 |
 China | 20.68% | 17.47% | 38.14% | 1.18 | 2022 |
 Cote d'Ivoire | 24.84% | 27.49% | 52.34% | 0.90 | 2022 |
 Cameroon | 19.29% | 22.00% | 41.29% | 0.88 | 2022 |
 Congo, Dem. Rep. | 46.19% | 48.97% | 95.16% | 0.94 | 2022 |
 Congo | 63.81% | 34.35% | 98.16% | 1.86 | 2022 |
 Colombia | 20.58% | 27.78% | 48.37% | 0.74 | 2022 |
 Comoros | 12.72% | 35.07% | 47.78% | 0.36 | 2022 |
 Cape Verde | 40.96% | 56.71% | 97.67% | 0.72 | 2022 |
 Costa Rica | 40.57% | 39.09% | 79.66% | 1.04 | 2022 |
 Cuba | 40.01% | 48.79% | 88.80% | 0.82 | 2022 |
 Curacao | 63.25% | 92.02% | 155.27% | 0.69 | 2018 |
 Cayman Islands | 59.72% | 45.91% | 105.62% | 1.30 | 2020 |
 Cyprus | 95.04% | 94.72% | 189.76% | 1.00 | 2022 |
 Czechia | 76.45% | 75.48% | 151.93% | 1.01 | 2022 |
 Germany | 50.92% | 48.96% | 99.88% | 1.04 | 2022 |
 Djibouti | 169.00% | 171.19% | 340.19% | 0.99 | 2022 |
 Dominica | 29.19% | 77.77% | 106.96% | 0.38 | 2018 |
 Denmark | 70.01% | 58.92% | 128.93% | 1.19 | 2022 |
 Dominican Republic | 22.06% | 32.17% | 54.23% | 0.69 | 2022 |
 Algeria | 35.34% | 23.71% | 59.04% | 1.49 | 2022 |
 Ecuador | 29.17% | 28.52% | 57.69% | 1.02 | 2022 |
 Egypt | 15.09% | 21.90% | 36.98% | 0.69 | 2022 |
 Eritrea | 18.15% | 29.24% | 47.39% | 0.62 | 2011 |
 Spain | 40.87% | 39.66% | 80.54% | 1.03 | 2022 |
 Estonia | 85.50% | 86.07% | 171.57% | 0.99 | 2022 |
 Ethiopia | 8.25% | 18.32% | 26.57% | 0.45 | 2022 |
 Finland | 45.30% | 47.69% | 92.99% | 0.95 | 2022 |
 Fiji | 48.07% | 69.19% | 117.26% | 0.69 | 2022 |
 France | 34.69% | 38.56% | 73.25% | 0.90 | 2022 |
 Faroe Islands | 62.40% | 62.51% | 124.91% | 1.00 | 2022 |
 Micronesia | 31.84% | 75.94% | 107.78% | 0.42 | 2022 |
 Gabon | 61.38% | 16.60% | 77.99% | 3.70 | 2022 |
 United Kingdom | 33.27% | 35.98% | 69.26% | 0.92 | 2022 |
 Georgia | 52.91% | 62.73% | 115.64% | 0.84 | 2022 |
 Ghana | 34.90% | 35.69% | 70.59% | 0.98 | 2022 |
 Guinea | 43.67% | 63.81% | 107.48% | 0.68 | 2022 |
 Gambia | 4.57% | 30.77% | 35.34% | 0.15 | 2022 |
 Guinea-Bissau | 14.39% | 29.25% | 43.64% | 0.49 | 2020 |
 Equatorial Guinea | 51.80% | 35.72% | 87.52% | 1.45 | 2022 |
 Greece | 49.14% | 58.86% | 108.00% | 0.83 | 2022 |
 Greenland | 35.44% | 49.72% | 85.15% | 0.71 | 2021 |
 Guatemala | 19.02% | 35.65% | 54.67% | 0.53 | 2022 |
 Guam | 3.04% | 59.89% | 62.93% | 0.05 | 2021 |
 Guyana | 84.62% | 109.73% | 194.35% | 0.77 | 2005 |
 Hong Kong | 193.86% | 189.93% | 383.79% | 1.02 | 2022 |
 Honduras | 41.92% | 69.16% | 111.07% | 0.61 | 2022 |
 Croatia | 59.17% | 65.35% | 124.52% | 0.91 | 2022 |
 Haiti | 7.24% | 29.29% | 36.53% | 0.25 | 2022 |
 Hungary | 91.21% | 95.52% | 186.72% | 0.95 | 2022 |
 Indonesia | 24.49% | 20.90% | 45.39% | 1.17 | 2022 |
 India | 22.79% | 26.44% | 49.23% | 0.86 | 2022 |
 Ireland | 137.09% | 97.18% | 234.27% | 1.41 | 2022 |
 Iran | 26.82% | 24.78% | 51.60% | 1.08 | 2022 |
 Iraq | 37.68% | 24.41% | 62.10% | 1.54 | 2021 |
 Iceland | 46.58% | 46.99% | 93.57% | 0.99 | 2022 |
 Israel | 31.73% | 28.78% | 60.50% | 1.10 | 2022 |
 Italy | 36.63% | 38.15% | 74.78% | 0.96 | 2022 |
 Jamaica | 38.04% | 52.07% | 90.11% | 0.73 | 2019 |
 Jordan | 36.67% | 49.15% | 85.82% | 0.75 | 2019 |
 Japan | 21.57% | 25.40% | 46.97% | 0.85 | 2022 |
 Kazakhstan | 41.78% | 26.33% | 68.11% | 1.59 | 2022 |
 Kenya | 12.22% | 21.51% | 33.73% | 0.57 | 2022 |
 Kyrgyzstan | 31.60% | 67.27% | 98.88% | 0.47 | 2018 |
 Cambodia | 68.34% | 54.85% | 123.19% | 1.25 | 2022 |
 Kiribati | 9.63% | 96.27% | 105.90% | 0.10 | 2022 |
 South Korea | 48.27% | 48.26% | 96.54% | 1.00 | 2022 |
 Kuwait | 53.29% | 44.89% | 98.18% | 1.19 | 2019 |
 Laos | 33.21% | 41.88% | 75.09% | 0.79 | 2016 |
 Lebanon | 26.03% | 52.80% | 78.83% | 0.49 | 2021 |
 Libya | 42.84% | 35.37% | 78.21% | 1.21 | 2019 |
 Sri Lanka | 21.48% | 25.04% | 46.52% | 0.86 | 2022 |
 Lesotho | 48.34% | 100.85% | 149.19% | 0.48 | 2022 |
 Lithuania | 86.85% | 88.86% | 175.70% | 0.98 | 2022 |
 Luxembourg | 211.28% | 177.24% | 388.51% | 1.19 | 2022 |
 Latvia | 71.99% | 76.52% | 148.50% | 0.94 | 2022 |
 Macao | 87.28% | 90.65% | 177.93% | 0.96 | 2022 |
 Morocco | 44.81% | 56.31% | 101.12% | 0.80 | 2022 |
 Moldova | 41.24% | 69.49% | 110.73% | 0.59 | 2022 |
 Madagascar | 30.37% | 39.23% | 69.60% | 0.77 | 2022 |
 Mexico | 42.64% | 45.47% | 88.11% | 0.94 | 2022 |
 Marshall Islands | 46.27% | 73.67% | 119.94% | 0.63 | 2022 |
 North Macedonia | 74.89% | 95.92% | 170.82% | 0.78 | 2022 |
 Mali | 29.06% | 39.77% | 68.83% | 0.73 | 2022 |
 Malta | 165.29% | 152.45% | 317.75% | 1.08 | 2022 |
 Montenegro | 51.53% | 74.37% | 125.90% | 0.69 | 2022 |
 Mongolia | 65.06% | 71.27% | 136.33% | 0.91 | 2022 |
 Northern Mariana Islands | 14.92% | 62.47% | 77.39% | 0.24 | 2020 |
 Mauritania | 49.15% | 54.81% | 103.95% | 0.90 | 2022 |
 Mauritius | 56.66% | 62.78% | 119.44% | 0.90 | 2022 |
 Malaysia | 76.95% | 69.71% | 146.66% | 1.10 | 2022 |
 Namibia | 36.74% | 55.03% | 91.77% | 0.67 | 2022 |
 New Caledonia | 21.01% | 37.92% | 58.93% | 0.55 | 2017 |
 Niger | 8.72% | 26.58% | 35.30% | 0.33 | 2022 |
 Nigeria | 9.24% | 16.92% | 26.17% | 0.55 | 1960 |
 Nicaragua | 49.78% | 65.40% | 115.18% | 0.76 | 2022 |
 Netherlands | 93.75% | 82.96% | 176.71% | 1.13 | 2022 |
 Norway | 55.66% | 27.31% | 82.97% | 2.04 | 2022 |
 Nepal | 6.76% | 42.64% | 49.40% | 0.16 | 2022 |
 Nauru | 55.50% | 114.83% | 170.33% | 0.48 | 2022 |
 New Zealand | 24.24% | 29.56% | 53.81% | 0.82 | 2022 |
 Oman | 52.53% | 41.39% | 93.92% | 1.27 | 2021 |
 Pakistan | 10.55% | 22.50% | 33.05% | 0.47 | 2022 |
 Panama | 41.80% | 45.62% | 87.43% | 0.92 | 2017 |
 Peru | 29.32% | 29.09% | 58.41% | 1.01 | 2022 |
 Philippines | 28.39% | 44.03% | 72.42% | 0.64 | 2022 |
 Papua New Guinea | 72.16% | 58.92% | 131.08% | 1.22 | 2004 |
 Poland | 62.69% | 61.25% | 123.93% | 1.02 | 2022 |
 Puerto Rico | 52.71% | 45.41% | 98.11% | 1.16 | 2022 |
 Portugal | 49.60% | 52.01% | 101.61% | 0.95 | 2022 |
 Paraguay | 34.48% | 39.38% | 73.85% | 0.88 | 2022 |
 Palestine | 18.54% | 67.36% | 85.90% | 0.28 | 2022 |
 French Polynesia | 21.10% | 46.13% | 67.23% | 0.46 | 2022 |
 Qatar | 68.44% | 31.54% | 99.98% | 2.17 | 2022 |
 Romania | 42.97% | 49.84% | 92.82% | 0.86 | 2022 |
 Russian Federation | 28.19% | 15.59% | 43.77% | 1.81 | 2022 |
 Rwanda | 22.49% | 38.68% | 61.17% | 0.58 | 2022 |
 Saudi Arabia | 40.22% | 23.29% | 63.51% | 1.73 | 2022 |
 Sudan | 1.57% | 1.13% | 2.70% | 1.39 | 2022 |
 Senegal | 26.96% | 52.91% | 79.87% | 0.51 | 2022 |
 Singapore | 186.55% | 150.31% | 336.86% | 1.24 | 2022 |
 Solomon Islands | 27.94% | 32.28% | 60.22% | 0.87 | 2020 |
 Sierra Leone | 31.88% | 56.22% | 88.09% | 0.57 | 2022 |
 El Salvador | 31.18% | 55.62% | 86.80% | 0.56 | 2022 |
 San Marino | 184.31% | 158.16% | 342.47% | 1.17 | 2021 |
 Somalia | 17.31% | 78.53% | 95.84% | 0.22 | 2022 |
 Serbia | 63.84% | 74.81% | 138.65% | 0.85 | 2022 |
 South Sudan | 36.65% | 28.90% | 65.55% | 1.27 | 2015 |
 Suriname | 52.55% | 38.41% | 90.96% | 1.37 | 2010 |
 Slovakia | 99.36% | 104.76% | 204.12% | 0.95 | 2022 |
 Slovenia | 94.15% | 91.88% | 186.03% | 1.02 | 2022 |
 Sweden | 52.80% | 49.87% | 102.67% | 1.06 | 2022 |
 Eswatini | 43.83% | 47.59% | 91.42% | 0.92 | 2022 |
 Seychelles | 111.46% | 121.61% | 233.07% | 0.92 | 2022 |
 Syria | 24.80% | 73.06% | 97.85% | 0.34 | 2021 |
 Chad | 51.19% | 39.57% | 90.76% | 1.29 | 2022 |
 Togo | 23.97% | 33.87% | 57.84% | 0.71 | 2022 |
 Thailand | 65.78% | 68.10% | 133.88% | 0.97 | 2022 |
 Tajikistan | 24.18% | 47.64% | 71.83% | 0.51 | 2021 |
 Turkmenistan | 20.56% | 12.50% | 33.06% | 1.65 | 2021 |
 Timor-Leste | 55.68% | 41.96% | 97.64% | 1.33 | 2022 |
 Tonga | 12.52% | 60.84% | 73.37% | 0.21 | 2021 |
 Tunisia | 49.36% | 61.38% | 110.74% | 0.80 | 2022 |
 Turkey | 38.58% | 42.59% | 81.17% | 0.91 | 2022 |
 Tanzania | 15.42% | 19.60% | 35.02% | 0.79 | 2022 |
 Uganda | 12.02% | 22.48% | 34.51% | 0.53 | 2022 |
 Ukraine | 35.46% | 52.25% | 87.71% | 0.68 | 2022 |
 Uruguay | 31.32% | 25.87% | 57.19% | 1.21 | 2022 |
 United States | 10.89% | 14.59% | 25.48% | 0.75 | 2021 |
 Uzbekistan | 27.27% | 44.31% | 71.58% | 0.62 | 2022 |
 Venezuela | 16.69% | 31.40% | 48.09% | 0.53 | 2014 |
 U.S. Virgin Islands | 91.70% | 91.47% | 183.17% | 1.00 | 2021 |
 Viet Nam | 93.99% | 91.74% | 185.73% | 1.02 | 2022 |
 Vanuatu | 14.82% | 53.69% | 68.51% | 0.28 | 2022 |
 Samoa | 12.27% | 52.72% | 64.98% | 0.23 | 2022 |
 Kosovo | 38.45% | 71.06% | 109.51% | 0.54 | 2022 |
 Yemen | 8.76% | 50.15% | 58.90% | 0.17 | 2018 |
 South Africa | 33.54% | 31.52% | 65.06% | 1.06 | 2022 |
 Zambia | 40.19% | 29.10% | 69.30% | 1.38 | 2022 |
 Zimbabwe | 27.96% | 37.00% | 64.96% | 0.76 | 2022 |
| Pacific island small states | 36.90% | 65.58% | 102.48% | 0.56 | 2022 |
| Least developed countries: UN classification | 22.58% | 31.94% | 54.51% | 0.71 | 2022 |
| Low & middle income (WB) | 26.31% | 25.36% | 51.67% | 1.04 | 2022 |
| Low-income | 21.78% | 36.33% | 58.11% | 0.60 | 2022 |
| Middle-income (WB) | 26.39% | 25.21% | 51.60% | 1.05 | 2022 |
| Lower middle income (WB) | 27.81% | 32.19% | 60.00% | 0.86 | 2022 |
| Upper middle income (WB) | 26.09% | 23.38% | 49.47% | 1.12 | 2022 |
| High-income | 33.92% | 33.82% | 67.73% | 1.00 | 2022 |
| European Union | 56.31% | 54.50% | 110.81% | 1.03 | 2022 |
| OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) | 30.44% | 31.72% | 62.16% | 0.96 | 2022 |
The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture and cotton. Cotton accounts for 40% of Benin's GDP and roughly 80% of official export receipts. There is also production of textiles, palm products, and cocoa beans. Maize (corn), beans, rice, peanuts, cashews, pineapples, cassava, yams, and other various tubers are grown for local subsistence. Benin began producing a modest quantity of offshore oil in October 1982. Production ceased in recent years but exploration of new sites is ongoing.
The economy of Burkina Faso is based primarily on subsistence farming and livestock raising. Burkina Faso has an average income purchasing-power-parity per capita of $1,900 and nominal per capita of $790 in 2014. More than 80% of the population relies on subsistence agriculture, with only a small fraction directly involved in industry and services. Highly variable rainfall, poor soils, lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure, a low literacy rate, and a stagnant economy are all longstanding problems of this landlocked country. The export economy also remained subject to fluctuations in world prices.
The economy of Kyrgyzstan is heavily dependent on the agricultural sector. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. According to Healy Consultants, Kyrgyzstan's economy relies heavily on the strength of industrial exports, with plentiful reserves of gold, mercury and uranium. The economy also relies heavily on remittances from foreign workers. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan was progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Kyrgyzstan's economic performance has been hindered by widespread corruption, low foreign investment and general regional instability. Despite those issues, Kyrgyzstan is ranked 70th on the ease of doing business index.
The economy of Malawi is $7.522 billion by gross domestic product as of 2019, and is predominantly agricultural, with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. The landlocked country in south central Africa ranks among the world's least developed countries. In 2017, agriculture accounted for about one-third of GDP and about 80% of export revenue. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. The government faces strong challenges: to spur exports, to improve educational and health facilities, to face up to environmental problems of deforestation and erosion, and to deal with the problem of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Malawi is a least developed country according to United Nations.
The economy of Mongolia has traditionally been based on agriculture and livestock. Mongolia also has extensive mineral deposits: copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of Gross domestic product (GDP), disappeared almost overnight in 1990–91, in the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Mongolia was driven into deep recession.
The economy of Nepal is developing category and largely dependent on agriculture and remittances. Until the mid-20th century Nepal was an isolated pre-industrial society, which entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The country has, however, made progress toward sustainable economic growth since the 1950s. The country was opened to economic liberalization, leading to economic growth and improvement in living standards when compared to the past. The biggest challenges faced by the country in achieving higher economic development are the frequent changes in political leadership, as well as corruption.
The economy of Nicaragua is focused primarily on the agricultural sector. Nicaragua itself is the least developed country in Central America, and the second poorest in the Americas by nominal GDP. In recent years, under the administrations of Daniel Ortega, the Nicaraguan economy has expanded somewhat, following the Great Recession, when the country's economy actually contracted by 1.5%, due to decreased export demand in the American and Central American markets, lower commodity prices for key agricultural exports, and low remittance growth. The economy saw 4.5% growth in 2010 thanks to a recovery in export demand and growth in its tourism industry. Nicaragua's economy continues to post growth, with preliminary indicators showing the Nicaraguan economy growing an additional 5% in 2011. Consumer Price inflation have also curtailed since 2008, when Nicaragua's inflation rate hovered at 19.82%. In 2009 and 2010, the country posted lower inflation rates, 3.68% and 5.45%, respectively. Remittances are a major source of income, equivalent to 15% of the country's GDP, which originate primarily from Costa Rica, the United States, and European Union member states. Approximately one million Nicaraguans contribute to the remittance sector of the economy.
The economy of the Republic of the Congo is a mixture of subsistence hunting and agriculture, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum extraction and support services. Government spending is characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Nowadays the Republic of the Congo is increasingly converting natural gas to electricity rather than burning it, greatly improving energy prospects.
The economy of Senegal is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fishing and agriculture, which are the main sources of employment in rural areas, despite abundant natural resources in iron, zircon, gas, gold, phosphates, and numerous oil discoveries recently. Senegal's economy gains most of its foreign exchange from fish, phosphates, groundnuts, tourism, and services. As one of the dominant parts of the economy, the agricultural sector of Senegal is highly vulnerable to environmental conditions, such as variations in rainfall and climate change, and changes in world commodity prices.
The economy of the Gambia is heavily reliant on agriculture. The Gambia has no significant mineral or other natural resources, and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and animal hides.
Algeria's economy continued to recover in the first half of 2022, led by a return of oil production to pre-pandemic levels and a continued recovery of the service sector along with a more vigorous agricultural activity. The recovery should continue into 2023, supported by the nonhydrocarbon sector and public expenditure growth, according to the latest edition of the World Bank's Algeria Economic Update.