List of earthquakes in Iran

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Earthquakes in Iran from 1990 to 2006, by United States Geological Survey Map Iran earthquakes 1990.gif
Earthquakes in Iran from 1990 to 2006, by United States Geological Survey
Iran Faults Iran Faults map.svg
Iran Faults

Iran is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, being crossed by several major faults that cover at least 90% of the country. [1] As a result, earthquakes in Iran occur often and are destructive.

Contents

Geology and history

The Iranian plateau is subject to most types of tectonic activity, including active folding, faulting and volcanic eruptions. It is well known for its long history of disastrous earthquake activity. Not only have these earthquakes killed thousands, but they have also led to waste of valuable natural resources. [2] Since 1900, at least 126,000 fatalities have resulted from earthquakes in Iran. [2] In addition, the Iranian Plate is bordered by the Indian Plate (to the southeast), the Eurasian Plate (to the north), and the Arabian Plate (to the south and west), which is where the Zagros fold and thrust belt (an ancient subduction zone) lies.

Earthquakes

DateProvince Mag. MMIDeathsInjuriesTotal damage/notesCitations
2023-10-17 Hormozgan 5.5 Mw  [3]
2023-01-28 West Azerbaijan 5.9 Mw VII31,750Widespread damage [4]
2023-01-18 West Azerbaijan 5.7 Mw VII252Severe damage [5]
2022-10-05 West Azerbaijan 5.6 Mw VII1,127Severe damage [6]
2022-07-23 Hormozgan 5.6 Mw VII1Further damage [7] [8]
2022-07-03 Gilan 4.3 Mw 1Minor damage [9] [10]
2022-07-01 Hormozgan 6.0 Mw VII7111Severe damage/doublet [11] [12]
2022-06-25 Hormozgan 5.6 Mw VII137 [13]
2022-04-23 Fars 4.4 Mw VI1Minor damage [14] [15]
2022-03-20 Fars 4.7 Mw VII2Minor damage [16] [17]
2022-03-16 Hormozgan 5.9 Mw VII2Minor damage [18] [19]
2022-01-23 East Azerbaijan 4.0 Mw VII1Minor damage [20]
2021-11-14 Hormozgan 6.4 Mw IX298Doublet [21] [22]
2020-05-07 Tehran 4.6 Mw V238 [23] [24]
2020-02-23 West Azerbaijan 5.7 Mw VII10125 [25]
2019-11-07 East Azerbaijan 5.9 Mw VIII7584 [26]
2019-07-08 Khuzestan 5.7 Mw VII1100 [27]
2018-11-25 Kermanshah 6.3 Mw VIII1761Aftershock
2018-08-25 Kermanshah 6.0 Mw VII3243Aftershock
2017-12-20 Tehran 5.2 Mw VI2974.0 Mw  aftershock: 1 dead, 75 injured
2017-11-12 Kermanshah 7.3 Mw VIII6308,435
2017-05-13 North Khorasan 5.6 Mw VII3370
2017-04-05 Khorasan-e Razavi 6.1 Mw VII234
2017-01-06 Fars 5.0 Mw VI45
2014-08-18 Ilam 6.2 Mw VIII60–330
2013-11-28 Bushehr 5.6 Mw VII745
2013-04-13 Sistan and Baluchestan 7.7 Mw VIII35117
2013-04-09 Bushehr 6.3 Mw 37850
2012-08-11 East Azerbaijan 6.4 Mw VIII3063,037 Doublet
2012-08-11 East Azerbaijan 6.3 Mw Doublet
2011-06-15 Kerman 5.32
2010-12-20 Kerman 6.5 Mw IX11100
2010-08-27 Semnan 5.8 Mw VII440800 displaced
2010-07-30 Razavi Khorasan 5.5 Mw VI274Severe damage
2008-09-10 Qeshm 5.9 Mw 745
2006-03-31 Lorestan 6.1 Mw VIII63–70+1,246–1,418
2005-11-27 Qeshm 5.8 Mw VII13100
2005-02-22 Kerman 6.4 Mw VIII6121,411
2004-05-28 Māzandarān 6.3 Mw VIII35278–400$15.4 million
2003-12-26 Kerman 6.6 Mw IX26,27122,628–30,00045,000–75,600 displaced
2002-06-22 Qazvin 6.3 Mw VIII2611,500
1999-03-04 Kerman 6.6 Mw VII1517 houses damaged [28]
1998-03-14 Kerman 6.6 Mw VIII550 [29]
1997-05-10 South Khorasan 7.3 Mw X1,5672,300
1997-02-28 Ardabil 6.1 Mw VIII1,1002,600
1997-02-04 North Khorasan 6.5 Mw VIII1001,948
1990-06-20 Gilan 7.4 Mw X35,000–50,00060,000–105,000
1981-07-28 Kerman 7.1 Ms IX1,5001,000
1981-06-11 Kerman 6.6 Mw VIII+1,400–3,000many
1979-11-14 South Khorasan 6.8 Mw VIII297–440
1978-09-16 South Khorasan 7.4 Mw IX15,000–25,000
1977-12-19 Kerman 5.9 Mw VII584–665
1977-04-06 Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari 6.0 Mw VIII348–366
1977-03-21 Hormozgan 7.0 Ms VIII152–167
1972-04-10 Fars 6.7 Mw IX5,3741,710
1970-07-30 Khorasan 6.4175450 [30] [31]
1968-08-31 South Khorasan 7.4 Mw X15,000
1968-09-01 South Khorasan 6.4 Mw 900
1965-02-10 East Azerbaijan 5.120
1962-09-01 Qazvin 7.1 ML IX12,2252,776
1960-04-24 Fars 6.0 Muk 420 [32]
1958-08-16 Hamadan 6.7 Muk 132 [32]
1957-12-13 Kermanshah 7.11,130
1957-07-02 Māzandarān 7.11,200
1953-02-12 Semnan 6.6 Mw VIII800–973140
1947-08-05 South Khorasan 7.3500
1932-05-20 Māzandarān 5.4 Muk VIII1,070 [32]
1930-05-07 West Azerbaijan 7.1 Mw IX1,360–3,000
1929-05-01 Khorasan-e Razavi 7.2 Mw IX3,257–3,8001,121
1923-05-25 Khorasan-e Razavi 5.9 Mw VII+2,200More than 7 villages destroyed [33]
1909-01-23 Lorestan 7.3 ML IX6,000–8,000
1895-01-17 Khorasan-e Razavi 6.8 Ms VIII1,000–11,000
1893-11-17 Khorasan-e Razavi 6.6 Ms X18,000 [34]
1864-01-17 Kerman VIIIMany [32]
1853-05-05 Fars IX9,000–13,000 [32]
1778-12-15 Kashan 6.2 Ms >8,000 [34]
1755-06-07 Isfahan 40,000
1727-11-18 East Azerbaijan VIII77,000
1721-04-26 East Azerbaijan 7.7 Ms VIII–X8,000–250,000
1679-06-04 Yerevan, Armenia 6.4 Ms IX–X7,600Under Iranian rule at the time
1667-11-25 Shamakhi, Azerbaijan 6.9 Ms X80,000Under Iranian rule at the time
1641-02-05 Tabriz, East Azerbaijan6.8 Ms IX30,000Tabriz completely destroyed
1101-??-?? Khorasan-e Razavi 6.5 Muk X60,000 [35]
1042-08-21 East Azerbaijan 7.640,000
1008-04-11 Bushehr 6.5 Ms 16,000 [35]
978-06-17 Bushehr 5.3 Ms 2,000 [35]
893-03-23 Ardabil 150,000See also 893 Dvin earthquake
856-12-22 Semnan 7.9 Ms X200,000
850-07-15 Tehran 45,000 [35]
743-??-?? Semnan 7.2 Ms IX [35]
662-04-26 Semnan 40,000 [35]
400? BCE Tehran 7.6 [35]
Note: Mw = moment magnitude scale, Ms = surface wave magnitude, and Muk = unknown. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lists of earthquakes</span>

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from events too weak to be detectable except by sensitive instrumentation, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities and number of scientific studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake</span> November 2017 earthquake near the Iran–Iraq border

On 12 November 2017 at 18:18 UTC, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.3 occurred on the Iran–Iraq border, with the Iraqi Kurdish city of Halabja, and the Kurdish dominated places of Ezgeleh, Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah Province in Iran, closest to the epicentre, 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Halabja, Iraqi Kurdistan.

The 1979 Ghaenat earthquakes were a series of large earthquakes in Qaen County, Khorasan Province, northeast Iran, near the Afghanistan border. The first mainshock, known as the Korizan earthquake with a surface wave magnitude (Ms ) of 6.6 and moment magnitude (Mw ) of 6.8, struck on November 14, while the Ms  7.1 or Mw  7.2 Koli-Boniabad earthquake struck on November 27. The two mainshocks were assigned a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) and X (Extreme), respectively. The earthquakes caused extensive damage throughout northeastern Iran, killing an estimated 297 to 440 people and left at least 279 injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Hormozgan earthquakes</span> Earthquakes in Iran

The 2021 Hormozgan earthquakes was a doublet earthquake event in Iran that occurred on November 14, 2021 with magnitudes of 6.0 and 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale. The two quakes occurred just a minute and a half apart, killing 2 people and injuring a further 100.

The 2022 Hormozgan earthquakes were a pair of doublet earthquakes that struck southern Iran on 1 July, 2022. The earthquakes, which occurred around two hours apart, killed seven people and injured dozens more.

Starting on 21 September 2022, and progressing into 2023, an earthquake swarm occurred in the Iranian province of West Azerbaijan, close to the city of Khoy near the Turkish border. Due to mainly three events, a total of 3,880 buildings were destroyed and 52,301 others were damaged in Khoy, including nearly 1,000 schools. Three people died and over 3,310 others were injured, almost all of them due to panic and only a few from collapsed houses.

References

  1. ↑ "Preliminary Earthquake Reconnaissance Report on the June 22, 2002 Changureh (Avaj), Iran Earthquake". International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. 2002-07-19. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  2. 1 2 Manuel Berberian. "100 years; 126,000 deaths". The Iranian.
  3. ↑ "Magnitude 5.5 earthquake strikes southern Iran - GFZ". Reuters. 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  4. ↑ National Earthquake Information Center (28 January 2023). "M 5.9 - 14 km SSW of Khowy, Iran". United States Geological Survey.
  5. ↑ "M 5.8 - Turkey-Iran border region". United States Geological Survey. 18 January 2023.
  6. ↑ "M 5.6 - 8 km ESE of Khowy, Iran". United States Geological Survey . 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  7. ↑ "M 5.6 - 69 km NE of Bandar-e Lengeh, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. 23 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  8. ↑ "مصدوم زلزله هرمزگان". ghatreh (in Persian). 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  9. ↑ "M 4.3 - NEAR THE COAST OF NORTHERN IRAN - 2022-07-03 14:05:33 UTC". European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre .
  10. ↑ "زلزله گیلان یک مصدوم بر جای گذاشت" [The Gilan earthquake left one injured]. yjc.news (in Persian).
  11. ↑ "M 6.0 - 55 km NE of Bandar-e Lengeh, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  12. ↑ "M 6.0 - 57 km NE of Bandar-e Lengeh, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  13. ↑ "M 5.6 - 30 km NE of Kīsh, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. 25 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  14. ↑ "M 4.4 - 30 km E of Kāzerūn, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  15. ↑ "وقوع زلزله در منطقه خان زنیان، تاکنون یک مصدوم داشت". sums.ac.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2022-06-02. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
  16. ↑ "M 4.7 - 91 km SE of Dārāb, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  17. ↑ "زلزله داراب فارس ۲ مصدوم داشت" [Darab Fars earthquake had 2 casualties]. www.irna.ir (in Persian).
  18. ↑ "M 5.8 - 57 km NNW of Bandar e-Lengeh, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  19. ↑ "See | The latest details of the Hormozgan earthquake 2 outpatient injured were treated". hamshahrionline.com (in Persian). 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-03-22. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  20. ↑ "M 4.0 - 10 km NW of Tabriz, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2022-01-23. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  21. ↑ "Dubai and Abu Dhabi feel tremors from 6.2 magnitude quake in Iran". The National. 14 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  22. ↑ "Overall Orange Earthquake alert in Islamic Republic of Iran on 14 Nov 2021 12:08 UTC". www.gdacs.org. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  23. ↑ "M 4.6 - 2km WNW of Damavand, Iran". USGS. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  24. ↑ "Moderate Iran quake kills two, draws many into Tehran streets". Reuters . 8 May 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  25. ↑ "5.7 - 25km SE of Saray, Turkey". USGS. 2020-02-23.
  26. ↑ APA.az (2019-11-09). "Number of wounded reaches 529 in quake in Eastern Azerbaijan province of Iran". apa.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  27. ↑ "M 5.6 - 31 km SE of Masjed Soleym?n, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
  28. ↑ "M 6.6 - 110 km SSE of K?h Sef?d, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  29. ↑ Berberian 2014 , p. 617
  30. ↑ "Quake Levels Iranian Villages", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 31, 1970, p1
  31. ↑ "M 6.4 - 52 km NE of Kal?leh, Iran". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 NGDC (1972), Significant Earthquake Database (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  33. ↑ Berberian 2014 , p. 593
  34. 1 2 Ambraseys N.N.; Melville C.P. (2005). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge University Press. pp. 53–54, 160. ISBN   9780521021876.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NGDC Earthquake Hazard". NGDC.

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