Scott Miller (entrepreneur)

Last updated
Scott Miller
Born1961 (age 6061)
OccupationVideo game designer
Video game programmer
Entrepreneur
Known for Apogee Software
"Apogee model" distribution

Scott Miller (born 1961 in Florida) [1] is an American video game designer, programmer, and entrepreneur best known for founding Apogee Software, Ltd. (which later became 3D Realms) in 1987. Starting with the Kroz series for MS-DOS from that year, Miller pioneered the concept of giving away the first game in a trilogydistributed freely as sharewarewith the opportunity to purchase the remaining two episodes. [2] This method became the standard distribution method for Apogee. Competitors such as Epic MegaGames later adopted the same business model.

Contents

Biography

Growing up, Miller lived with his father, Boyd Miller, an engineer at NASA who worked on the Apollo and Gemini programs. [1] Miller began writing video games in 1975 on a Wang 2200 [3] while living in Australia. He wrote several MS-DOS games that circulated widely on BBS file bases: Computer Quiz, Astronomy Quiz, BASIC Quiz, Beyond the Titanic , Supernova , Kingdom of Kroz , Word Whiz , Trek Trivia . Miller started as game programmer, but now handled primary business duties of 3D Realms, as well as producing and co-designing all third-party games associated with the company, including Wolfenstein 3D , Raptor: Call of the Shadows , Terminal Velocity , Max Payne and Prey .

He created the method of game distribution where one episode of a game is released freely as shareware, and the follow-up episodes are sold through the company. The free episode is the carrot-on-a-stick; an advertisement to purchase the remaining, commercial episodes. Kingdom of Kroz, in 1987, was the first game to use this method, which Miller refers to as the "Apogee Model." Upon success with this model with the seven Kroz episodes, Miller left his full-time job in early 1990s and devoted full efforts into growing Apogee. It was at this time that Miller contacted key members at Softdisk (a monthly software magazine delivered on floppy disks to subscribers) who later formed id Software, and convinced them to make Commander Keen to be released through Apogee. The series was a success enabling id Software to become an independent studio. Miller was later instrumental[ vague ] in the formation of publisher Gathering of Developers in 1998. He later helped[ vague ] found the Radar Group.[ citation needed ]

Miller was a professional writer in the 1980s, having co-authored a book on video games, Shootout: Zap the Video Games, and writing a weekly column for The Dallas Morning News for four years (1982–1985), titled "Video Vision" (later changed to "Computer Fun"). He also wrote for COMPUTE!'s PC and PCjr and other magazines. From 2006 to 2008, Miller maintained an industry blog, www.GameMatters.com, where he was a strong proponent of studio independence, and of studios and publishers creating original brands rather than licensing brands from other media sources.

GameSpot named Miller as number 14 in their listing of the Most Influential People in Computer Gaming of All Time. [4] In 1997, Computer Gaming World ranked him as number 14 on the list of the Most Influential People of All Time in computer gaming for originating the Apogee model. [5]

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3D Realms Entertainment ApS is a video game publisher based in Aalborg, Denmark. Scott Miller founded the company in his parents' home in Garland, Texas (US) in 1987 as Apogee Software Productions, to release his game Kingdom of Kroz. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the company popularized a distribution model where each game consists of three episodes, with the first given away free as shareware and the other two available for purchase. Duke Nukem was a major franchise created by Apogee to use this model, and Apogee published Commander Keen and Wolfenstein 3D the same way.

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<i>Duke Nukem</i> (video game) 1991 platform video game

Duke Nukem is a 1991 platform game developed and published by Apogee Software for MS-DOS. The 2D, multidirectional scrolling game follows the adventures of fictional character Duke Nukem. It consists of three episodes of ten levels each.

<i>Kroz</i> 1987 video game

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Word Rescue is an educational platform MS-DOS game written by Karen Crowther (Chun) of Redwood Games and released by Apogee Software in March, 1992. It was re-released in 2015 for Steam with support for Windows and Mac OS. The game can also allow the player interact with a pair of Stereoscopic Vision Glasses.

<i>Boppin</i> 1991 video game

Boppin' is a puzzle-oriented video game created by Jennifer Diane Reitz in 1991, developed under the company name Accursed Toys and published by Karmasoft for the Amiga computer with only 32 colors on screen. Around that time Karmasoft held a level design contest. The game sold poorly with 284 copies, so Jennifer got it republished by Apogee Software with up to 256 colors on screen. Due to mature content containing blood and seppuku, the game was rated for players aged 25.

<i>Math Rescue</i> 1992 video game

Math Rescue is a 1992 educational platform game created by Karen Crowther of Redwood Games and published by Apogee Software. Its early pre-release title was "Number Rescue". Released in October 1992 for the MS-DOS platform, it is a loose successor to the earlier game Word Rescue, whose game engine was used to power the new game with minor changes. Math Rescue was initially released as shareware but later achieved a retail release. It was followed by Math Rescue Plus. There were plans to have a sequel to the game called "Gruzzle Puzzles" but it was never started.

<i>Realms of Chaos</i> (video game) 1995 video game

Realms of Chaos is a platform game written for DOS, published by Apogee Software as shareware. The game was authored by Keith Schuler, who had previously designed Paganitzu, and was originally to be a sequel entitled Alabama Smith and the Bloodfire Pendant. It is still sold by Apogee. Like previous platform Apogee games, this one utilized the FAST engine. The game was re-released in 2013 on GOG.com with support for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Mountain King Studios is a computer game company located in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded by game programmer/game designer Scott Host. In addition to the development of Raptor: Call of the Shadows, Cygnus also collaborated with Apogee Software on a number of their games. Some members of the company split to form Rogue Entertainment, while the company itself was renamed "Mountain King Studios".

<i>Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons</i> 1990 episodic side-scrolling platform game

Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the Commander Keen series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand Intellect, on the alien home planet. The three episodes feature Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.

<i>Commander Keen in Goodbye, Galaxy</i> 1991 video game

Commander Keen in Goodbye, Galaxy is a two-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by id Software and published by Apogee Software in 1991 for DOS. It consists of the fifth and sixth episodes of the Commander Keen series, though they are numbered as the fourth and fifth, as Commander Keen in Keen Dreams is not part of the main continuity. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he first journeys through the Shadowlands to rescue the Gnosticenes so they may ask the Oracle how the Shikadi plan to destroy the galaxy, and then through the Shikadi's Armageddon Machine to stop them. The two episodes feature Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.

<i>Commander Keen in Aliens Ate My Babysitter</i> 1991 video game

Commander Keen in Aliens Ate My Babysitter is a side-scrolling platform video game developed by id Software and published by FormGen in December 1991 for DOS. It is the seventh episode of the Commander Keen series, though it is numbered as the sixth, as Commander Keen in Keen Dreams is outside of the main continuity. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he journeys through an alien world to rescue his kidnapped babysitter. The game feature Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Edwards, B. (2009, August 20). 20 Years of Evolution: Scott Miller and 3D Realms Archived 2013-08-08 at the Wayback Machine . Gamasutra
  2. Hague, James (1999). "Gimme Your Money: A Half-Baked History of Shareware". loonygames. Archived from the original on 2019-08-25. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
  3. "Scott Miller, Chief Creative Officer". Radargroup.com. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  4. "Number 14: Scott Miller - The Most Influential People in Computer Gaming of All Time - Gamespot". Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved 2012-04-09.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. CGW 159: The Most Influential People in Computer Gaming