Volta Region

Last updated
Volta Region
Region
A view of amedzope town from mounitain gemi.jpg
Volta in Ghana 2018.svg
Location of Volta in Ghana
Country Ghana
Capital Ho
Districts 18
Government
 •  Regional Minister Archibald Yao Letsa [1]
 • Deputy Regional MinisterMaxwell Blagogee
Area
 • Total9,504 km2 (3,670 sq mi)
 • Rank Ranked 12th
Population
 (2021 Census)
 • Total1,659,040
 • Rank Ranked 7th
 • Density170/km2 (450/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2014
 • Per capita$3,974
GDP (Nominal)
 • Year2014
 • Per capita$1,902
Time zone GMT
Area code 036
ISO 3166 code GH-TV
HDI (2017)0.594 [2]
medium · 4th
Website http://voltaregion.gov.gh/

Volta Region (or Volta) is one of Ghana's sixteen administrative regions, with Ho designated as its capital. [3] [4] It is located west of Republic of Togo and to the east of Lake Volta. Divided into 25 administrative districts, the region is multi-ethnic [5] and multilingual, including groups such as the Ewe, the Guan, and the Akan peoples. The Guan peoples include the Lolobi, Likpe, Akpafu, Buem,Nyangbo,Avatime, and Nkonya.[ citation needed ] This region was carved out of the Volta Region in December 2018 by the New Patriotic Party. The people of the Volta Region are popularly known as Ewes.[ citation needed ] The people of the Volta Region are popular known for their rich cultural display and music some of which include Agbadza, Borborbor and Zigi.[ citation needed ]

Contents

Background

British Togoland shown in pale green Togoland.svg
British Togoland shown in pale green

The Volta region was formed by the state union of the former British Togoland which was part of the German protectorate of Togoland. It was administered as part of the Gold Coast by the British and later renamed Trans-Volta Togoland. [6]

Demographics

The native and largest ethnic group of the Volta Region (Togoland / British Togoland) are the Ewe people (68.5% of the population). They consist of several sub groups such as the Anlo Ewe, Tongu Ewe, Wedome Ewe, Ave Ewe and Avenor Ewe. Other ethnicities include the Guan people (forming 9.2% of the population), the Akan people (8.5%), and the Gurma people (6.5% of the population). [7]

Administration

The Volta region is run by a Regional Coordinating Council (RCC) and a District Assembly. The RCC is made up of the Volta Regional Minister who is the political head and his deputy as well as representatives of the Regional House of Chiefs, the District Chief Executives of the Volta region, the Presiding Members of the 12 Districts Assemblies and representatives of the various decentralized Ministries, Departments and Agencies in the Volta region. Each district is run by a District Assembly. [8]

Regional Commissioners and Ministers

The current Regional Minister, Archibald Letsa was appointed in February 2017. [9]

Administrative divisions

Before the regional demarcation in December 2018, [10] the region had 25 MMDA's (made up of 0 Metropolitan, 5 Municipal and 20 Ordinary Assemblies) with all the administrative changes as of December 2012. [11] After the census, the Oti Region was carved out of it, reducing the size of the region and the number of administrative districts to 18.

The political administration of the region is through the local government system. Under this administration system, the region is divided into 18 MMDA's (made up of 0 Metropolitan, 6 Municipal and 12 Ordinary Assemblies). Each District, Municipal or Metropolitan Assembly, is administered by a Chief Executive, representing the central government but deriving authority from an Assembly headed by a presiding member elected from among the members themselves. The current list is as follows:

Districts of the Volta Region Districts of the Volta Region (2018).png
Districts of the Volta Region
Districts of the Volta Region
#MMDA NameCapitalMMDA TypeChief ExecutiveStart DateConstituencyMember of ParliamentParty
1 Adaklu Adaklu Waya OrdinaryKadey Phanel Donkoh1 June 2017 [12] Adaklu Kwame Governs Agbodza NDC
2 Afadjato South Ve Golokwati OrdinaryJames Etornam Flolu1 June 2017 [13] Afadjato South Angela Oforiwa Alorwu-Tay NDC
3 Agotime-Ziope Kpetoe OrdinaryJohn Kwaku Amanya1 June 2017 [14] Agotime-Ziope Charles Akwasi Agbeve NDC
4 Akatsi North Ave-Dakpa OrdinaryPrince Sodoke Amuzu1 June 2017 [15] Akatsi North Peter Kwasi Nortsu-Kotoe NDC
5 Akatsi South Akatsi OrdinaryLeonelson Adzidogah1 June 2017 [16] Akatsi South Bernard Ahiafor NDC
6 Anloga Anloga OrdinarySeth Yormewu15 May 2018 [17] Anlo Richard Kwami Sefe NDC
7 Central Tongu Adidome OrdinaryThomas Moore Zonyarah1 June 2017 [18] Central Tongu Alexander Roosevelt Hottordze NDC
8 Ho Ho MunicipalProsper Kofi Pi-Bansah1 June 2017 [19] Ho Central Benjamin Komla Kpodo NDC
9 Ho West Dzolokpuita OrdinaryErnest Victor Apau1 June 2017 [20] Ho West Emmanuel Kwasi Bedzrah NDC
10 Hohoe Hohoe MunicipalAndrews Teddy Ofori1 June 2017 [21] Hohoe John-Peter Amewu NPP
11 Keta Keta MunicipalGodwin Edudji Effah1 June 2017 [22] Keta Kwame Dzudzorli Gakpey NDC
12 Ketu North Dzodze MunicipalAnthony Avogbedor1 June 2017 [23] Ketu North James Klutse Avedzi NDC
13 Ketu South Denu MunicipalEdem Elliot Agbewornu1 June 2017 [24] Ketu South Dzifa Abla Gomashie NDC
14 Kpando Kpandu MunicipalErnest Theophilus Quist1 June 2017 [25] Kpando Della Adjoa Sowah NDC
15 North Dayi Anfoega OrdinaryKudjo Edmund Attah1 June 2017 [26] North Dayi Joycelyn Tetteh NDC
16 North Tongu Battor Dugame OrdinaryRichard Collins Arku7 January 2017 [27] North Tongu Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa NDC
17 South Dayi Kpeve New Town OrdinaryErnest Patrick Mallet1 June 2017 [28] South Dayi Rockson-Nelson Kwami Dafeamekpor NDC
18 South Tongu Sogakope OrdinaryEmmanuel Louis Agama1 June 2017 [29] South Tongu Kobla Mensah Wisdom Woyome NDC

The following districts are now within the boundaries of the Oti Region which was formally created on 15 February 2019. [30]

Districts of the Oti Region
#MMDA NameCapitalMMDA TypeChief Executive
1 Biakoye Nkonya Ahenkro OrdinaryComfort Attah
2 Jasikan Jasikan OrdinaryLawrence Aziale
3 Kadjebi Kadjebi OrdinaryMichael Kofi Asiedu
4 Krachi East Dambai MunicipalPatrick Jilima
5 Krachi Nchumuru Chindiri OrdinaryAugustine Appiah
6 Krachi West Kete Krachi OrdinaryDouglas Osei-Nti
7 Nkwanta North Kpassa OrdinaryJakayi Jackson
8 Nkwanta South Nkwanta OrdinaryJohn Tarsun

Constituencies

There are 18 constituencies in the region after the Oti Region was carved out of it. Previously Volta Region had 19 constituencies in the election in December 2000 and 24 constituencies in December 2004 parliamentary election. Four new constituencies were created by the Electoral Commission prior to the December 2012 parliamentary election, increasing the number of constituencies to 26. [31] [32]

Education

Universities

Nurses' Training and Colleges of Education

Senior High Schools

Health

The Volta Regional Hospital is located at Ho. It is popularly referred to as Trafalgar. The inception of the University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS) at Ho has led to it being redesignated as the Ho Teaching Hospital in 2019. [33] [34] Other government run health facilities in the capital are the Ho Municipal Hospital and the Ho Polyclinic. Hospitals in the region include:

List of major hospitals in the Volta Region
DistrictLocationHospital
Akatsi South Akatsi Akatsi District Hospital
St. Paul's Hospital
Ho Municipal Ho Ho Teaching Hospital
Ho Municipal Hospital
Ho Polyclinic
Hohoe Municipal Hohoe Hohoe Municipal Hospital
Keta Municipal Abor Sacred Heart Hospital
Keta Keta Government Hospital
Ketu South Municipal Aflao Ketu South Municipal Hospital
Kpando Municipal Kpando Margaret Marquart Catholic Hospital
North Dayi Anfoega Anfoega Catholic Hospital
North Tongu Adidome Adidome Hospital
Battor Catholic Hospital
South Dayi Peki Peki Government Hospital
South Tongu Sogakope Sogakope District Hospital

Togoland Congress

The Togoland Congress (TCP) was a political party formed in 1951 to campaign for the unification of the Ewe people in British Togoland and French Togoland as a separate Ewe state. The party was defeated in the May 1956 UN plebiscite in British Togoland, which resulted in the unification of British Trans-Volta Togoland with Gold Coast, which later became independent as Ghana. [35] [36] [37]

On 9 May 1956, a vote was conducted to decide the future disposition of British Togoland and French Togoland. The native and dominant ethnic group, the Ewe people, were divided between the two Togos. British Togoland inhabitants voted in favor of state union with the Gold Coast, and the Togo Ewe state was incorporated with Gold Coast. [38] [39]

There was vocal opposition to the incorporation of Togoland into modern Ghana, from the Ewe people who voted (42%) against in British Togoland, as the Ewe wanted the unification of the Ewe people in British Togoland and French Togoland as a separate Ewe state (modern Togo). [40] [41]

Recently, a campaign for the cessation of some part of the Volta Region from Ghana to be known as "Western Togoland" is being led by a group calling itself Homeland Study Group Foundation. The group is led by Charles Kormi Kudzodzi. [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48]

Tourism

Theora video of Tagbo Falls in Hohoe, Hohoe Municipal, Volta region.
Aerial view from the north of the Adomi Bridge Adome Bridge, Ghana.jpg
Aerial view from the north of the Adomi Bridge

Recreation areas

Museum

Mountains

Other Tourist Attractions

Waterfalls

Notable native citizens

Notable native citizens of Volta
#CitizenSettlement
1 Erica Nego Ho
2 Jerry Rawlings Keta
3 Kofi Awoonor Wheta
4 Peter Bossman Ho
5 Prof. A.C. Kuma Leklebi
Ave Kludze Hohoe
Fiifi Fiavi Kwetey Nogokpo
7 Dzifa Ativor Abutia
8 Ephraim Amu Abenase
9 Komla Dumor Aflao
10 Togbe Afede XIV Ho
11 Stonebwoy Alakple
12 Mz Vee Dzodze
13 John Dumelo Hohoe
14 Philip Gbeho Vodza
15 Kofi Adjorlolo Klikor
16 Edem Dzodze
17 John Peter Amewu Hohoe
19 Esther Ocloo Peki
20 Joseph Edward Michel Atikpui

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">British Togoland</span> 1916–1956 British territory in West Africa

British Togoland, officially the Mandate Territory of Togoland and later officially the Trust Territory of Togoland, was a territory in West Africa under the administration of the United Kingdom, which subsequently entered a union with Ghana, part of which became its Volta Region. The territory was effectively formed in 1916 by the splitting of the German protectorate of Togoland into two territories, French Togoland and British Togoland, during the First World War. Initially, it was a League of Nations Class B mandate. In 1922, British Togoland was formally placed under British rule, and French Togoland, now Togo, was placed under French rule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ho, Ghana</span> City in Volta Region, Ghana

Ho is the capital city of the Ho Municipal District and the Volta Region of Ghana. The city lies between Mount Adaklu and Mount Galenukui or Togo Atakora Range, and is home to the Volta Regional Museum, a cathedral, and a prison. The city is the capital of unrecognised Western Togoland. It was formerly the administrative capital of British Togoland now part of the Volta Region. The population of Ho Municipality according to the 2010 Population and Housing Census is 177,281 representing 8.4 percent of the region's total population. Females constitute 52.7 percent and males represent 47.3 percent. The population in Ho grew up to 180,420 National Population Census. About 62 percent of the population resides in urban localities. The Municipality shares boundaries with Adaklu and Agotime-Ziope Districts to the South, Ho West District to the North and West and the Republic of Togo to the East. Its total land area is 2,361 square kilometers thus representing 11.5 percent of the region's total land area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ewe people</span> West African ethnic group

The Ewe people are a Gbe-speaking ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in Ghana, and the second largest population is in Togo. They speak the Ewe language which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. They are related to other speakers of Gbe languages such as the Fon, Gen, Phla Phera, Gun, Maxi, and the Aja people of Togo and Benin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akatsi District</span> Former District in Ghana

Akatsi District is a former district that was located in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly on 10 March 1989, which was created from the former Anlo District Council. However, on 28 June 2012, it was split off into two new districts: Akatsi South District and Akatsi North District. The district assembly was located in the southeast part of Volta Region and had Akatsi as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kpando Municipal District</span> Municipal District in Volta Region, Ghana

Kpando Municipal District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly on 10 March 1989 when it was known as Kpando District, until the southern part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 19 August 2004 to create South Dayi District; thus the remaining part has been retained as Kpando District. However on 28 June 2012, the southern part of the district was later split off to create North Dayi District on 28 June 2012; while the remaining part was elevated to municipal district assembly status on the same year to become Kpando Municipal District. The municipality is located in the western part of Volta Region and has Kpando as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Tongu District</span> District in Ghana

North Tongu District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger and original North Tongu District on 10 March 1989, with Adidome as its capital town, which was created from the former Tongu District Council, until the western part of the district was split off to create a new North Tongu District on 28 June 2012, with Battor Dugame as its capital town, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2081; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Central Tongu District, with Adidome as its capital town, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2077. The district assembly is located in Addidome, near Adidome Senior High School (Adisec) the southwest part of Volta Region and has Battor Dugame as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tongu District</span> District in Ghana

South Tongu District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly on 10 March 1989, which was created from the former Tongu District Council, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 1466. The district assembly is located in the southwest part of Volta Region and has Sogakope as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Dayi District</span> District in Ghana

South Dayi District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Kpando District on 10 March 1989, until the southern part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 19 August 2004 to create South Dayi District; thus the remaining part has been retained as Kpando District. The district assembly is located in the western part of Volta Region and has Kpeve as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adaklu-Anyigbe District</span> Former District in Ghana

Adaklu-Anyigbe District is a former district that was located in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Ho District on 10 March 1989, until the southern part was split off to create Adaklu-Anyigbe District on 13 August 2004; thus the remaining part has been retained as Ho Municipal District. However, on 28 June 2012, it was split off into two new districts: Agotime-Ziope District and Adaklu District. The district assembly was located in the central part of Volta Region and had Agortime-Kpetoe as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana</span> Religious denomination

The Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in Ghana. It is popularly referred to as the "EP Church". It has strong roots in the Evangelical and Reformed traditions. The denomination's Presbyterian sister church is the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akatsi South (Ghana parliament constituency)</span> Constituency in Ghana

Akatsi South is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Akatsi South is located in the Akatsi district of the Volta Region of Ghana.

Adidome is a small town and is the capital of Central Tongu district, a district in the Volta Region of Ghana. According to the Ghana Statistical Service 2010 Population and Housing Census, the population of Adidome was 7,587. The distance from Adidome to Ghana's capital, Accra is approximately 144 km. The town has a Senior High School called Adidome Senior High School. Adidome is not only noted for its Senior High School but also the Adidome Farm Institute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mawuli School</span> Boarding high school in Ho, Volta Region, Ghana

Mawuli School is a co-educational, boarding senior high school located in Ho in the Ho Municipal district in the Volta Region of Ghana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ho Municipal District</span> Municipal District in Ghana

Ho Municipal District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly on 10 March 1989 when it was known as Ho District, until the southern part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 13 August 2004 to create Adaklu-Anyigbe District; thus the remaining part has been retained as Ho District. However on 28 June 2012, the western part of the district was later split off to create Ho West District; thus the remaining part was elevated to municipal district assembly status on that same year to become Ho Municipal District, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2074. The municipality is located in the central part of Volta Region and has Ho as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Tongu District</span> District in Ghana

Central Tongu District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly on 10 March 1989 when it was known as the first North Tongu District, with Adidome as its capital town, which was created from the former Tongu District Council, However on 28 June 2012, the western part of the district was split off to create a new North Tongu District, with Battor Dugame as its capital town, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2081; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Central Tongu District, with Adidome as its capital town, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2077. The district assembly is located in the southwest part of Volta Region and has Adidome as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ho West District</span> District in Volta Region, Ghana

Ho West District is one of the eighteen districts in Volta Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Ho District on 10 March 1989, until the western part was split off to create Ho West District on 28 June 2012; thus the remaining part was elevated to municipal district assembly status on that same year to become Ho Municipal District. The district assembly is located in the central part of Volta Region and has Dzolokpuita as its capital town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Togoland</span> Region of Ghana and self-proclaimed state

Western Togoland is a self-proclaimed state which is considered by the international community to be part of Ghana. It claims five of the Volta and Oti Regions. On 25 September 2020 separatists in Western Togoland declared independence from the Republic of Ghana. Western Togoland has been a member state of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) since 2017.

Ferdinand Koblavi Dra Goka (1919-2007) was a Ghanaian teacher and politician. He was a Volta Regional minister, and as Ghana's second finance minister during the first republic. He is often credited as the man who changed the name of Trans Volta Togoland to the Volta Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Togoland Rebellion</span> Separatist conflict in eastern Ghana since 2020

The Western Togoland Rebellion is an ongoing separatist revolt led by the Ewe nationalist organization Western Togoland Restoration Front (WTRF) against the government of Ghana. The group seeks the independence of former British Togoland.

Kodzo Afelete Ayeke was a Ghanaian politician, teacher, journalist, lawyer, and author. He was a member of parliament for Ho West, getting twice elected into parliament in 1954 and 1956 as a Togoland Congress member before joining the United Party on the ban of the Togoland Congress in 1958. As a journalist, he founded the Togoland Vanguard the first ever newspaper in the then Trans-Volta Togoland. An ethnic Ewe, he published two novels in the Ewe language, Asitsu Atoawo and Hlobiabia.

References

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  2. ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  3. ↑ "Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana". GhanaDistricts. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  4. ↑ "VOLTA REGION". Visit Ghana. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  5. ↑ "One District One Factory (1D1F)". 1district1factory Government of Ghana. Retrieved 2020-05-25.
  6. ↑ Beigbeder, Yves (1 January 1994). International monitoring of plebiscites, referenda and national elections - Self-determination and Transition to Democracy. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 131 of 340. ISBN   978-0-7923-2563-5 . Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  7. ↑ "Volta". Government of Ghana. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
  8. ↑ "Volta Region - political administration" . Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  9. ↑ "Regional Ministers Approved". Ghana Web. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  10. ↑ Kaledzi, Isaac (26 June 2019). "Ghana: Six new regions created after a referendum". Africa Needs. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "BREAK DOWN OF METROPOLITAN, MUNICIPAL AND DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES". GhanaDistricts. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  12. ↑ "Adaklu District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  13. ↑ "Afadjato District Assembly Leaders". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  14. ↑ "Agotime Ziope District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  15. ↑ "Akatsi North District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  16. ↑ "Akatsi South District". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  17. ↑ "Anloga District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  18. ↑ "Central Tongu". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  19. ↑ "Ho Municipal Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  20. ↑ "Ho West District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  21. ↑ "Hohoe Municipal Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  22. ↑ "Keta Municipal". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  23. ↑ "Ketu North Municipal Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  24. ↑ "Ketu South Municipal Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  25. ↑ "Kpando Municipal Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  26. ↑ "North Dayi District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  27. ↑ "North Tongu District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  28. ↑ "South Dayi District Assembly". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  29. ↑ "South Tongu District". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  30. ↑ "Oti Region". Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  31. ↑ 2012 parliamentary election. MyJoyOnline.
  32. ↑ "EC Creates 45 New Constituencies". Modern Ghana. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  33. ↑ "Ho Teaching Hospital Inaugurated". University of Health and Allied Sciences. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  34. ↑ "Volta Regional Hospital now Ho Teaching Hospital". Ministry Of Health. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  35. ↑ Daniel Miles McFarland, Historical Dictionary of Ghana, 1985, p. 173
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  37. ↑ "On Dec. 13, 1946: British Togoland Trusteeship approved by the United Nations". Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  38. ↑ "5. British Gold Coast/Togoland (1946-1957)". uca.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  39. ↑ "British Togoland Mandate". British Empire. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  40. ↑ McLaughlin & Owusu-Ansah (1994), "The Politics of the Independence Movements".
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  45. ↑ "3 symbols of Independence-seeking Western Togoland". Pulse Gh. 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
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  47. ↑ "Yeboah Benjamin writes: Trans Volta Togoland". NewsGhana. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  48. ↑ "Sharp facts about 'Western Togoland'". BBC News Pidgin. 2019-05-10. Retrieved 2020-02-07.

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