The 10th Orgburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 10th Central Committee, in the immediate aftermath of the 10th Congress.
Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Duration | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nikolay Komarov (1886–1937) | 16 March 1921 | 9 August 1921 | 146 days | Relieved of his duties at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Vasily Mikhailov (1894–1937) | 16 March 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 1 year, 18 days | — |
Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986) | 16 March 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 1 year, 18 days | — |
Alexey Rykov (1881–1938) | 16 March 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 1 year, 18 days | — |
Joseph Stalin (1878–1953) | 16 March 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 1 year, 18 days | — |
Mikhail Tomsky (1880–1936) | 16 March 1921 | 9 August 1921 | 146 days | Relieved of his duties at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Yemelyan Yaroslavsky (1875–1946) | 16 March 1921 | 9 August 1921 | 146 days | Relieved of his duties at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Felix Dzerzhinsky (1873–1959) | 9 August 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 237 days | Elected full member at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Jānis Rudzutaks (1873–1959) | 9 August 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 237 days | Elected full member at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Pyotr Zalutsky (1873–1959) | 9 August 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 237 days | Elected at the 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Duration | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|
Felix Dzerzhinsky (1873–1959) | 16 March 1921 | 9 August 1921 | 146 days | Elected full member at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946) | 16 March 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 1 year, 18 days | — |
Jānis Rudzutaks (1873–1959) | 16 March 1921 | 9 August 1921 | 146 days | Elected full member at 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Pyotr Zalutsky (1873–1959) | 28 May 1921 | 9 August 1921 | 73 days | Elected at the 3rd Plenary Session, and relieved of his duties at the 1st Joint Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission. |
Ivan Kutuzov (1885–1937) | 28 May 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 310 days | Elected at the 3rd Plenary Session. |
Vasily Schmidt (1886–1938) | 28 May 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 310 days | Elected at the 3rd Plenary Session. |
Ivan Tuntul (1892–1938) | 1 March 1922 | 3 April 1922 | 33 days | Appointed to the Orgburo on a decision made by the 10th Politburo. |
Amsterdam is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands; with a population of 872,680 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban area and 2,480,394 in the metropolitan area. Found within the province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the "Venice of the North", due to the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Afro-Eurasia from 1346 to 1353. It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, causing the death of 75–200 million people in Eurasia and North Africa, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis spread by fleas, but it can also take a secondary form where it is spread person-to-person contact via aerosols causing septicaemic or pneumonic plagues.
The Czech Republic, also known by its short-form name Czechia and formerly known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the east. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate.
Europe is a landmass variously recognised as part of Eurasia or a continent in its own right, located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It comprises the westernmost peninsulas of the continental landmass of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa, and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although much of this border is over land, Europe is mostly regarded as its own continent because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and culture.
Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is the only part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea-level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate.
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.
Mesopotamia is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamia occupies most of present-day Iraq and Kuwait. The historical region includes the head of the Persian Gulf and parts of present-day Iran, Syria, and Turkey.
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,175,601 residents as of 2018, in an area of more than 105 square kilometres. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, science, and arts. The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the region and province of Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated population of 12,174,880, or about 18 percent of the population of France as of 2017. The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion in 2017. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most expensive city in the world, after Singapore and ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo, and Geneva. Another source ranked Paris as most expensive, on par with Singapore and Hong Kong, in 2018.
The Renaissance is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas and achievements of classical antiquity. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change. In addition to the standard periodization, proponents of a "long Renaissance" may put its beginning in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century.
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the most populous city in the state of Pennsylvania, with a 2020 population of 1,603,797. It is also the second-most populous city in the Northeastern United States, behind New York City. Since 1854, the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County, the most-populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural center of the greater Delaware Valley along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill rivers within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's 2019 estimated population of 7.21 million makes it the ninth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.
20th Century Studios, Inc. is an American film production studio that is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is located on the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributes and markets the films produced by 20th Century.
Thomas Edward Patrick Brady Jr. is an American football quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He spent his first 20 seasons with the New England Patriots, where he was a central contributor to the franchise's dynasty from 2001 to 2019. Brady is widely regarded as the greatest quarterback of all time.
Catherine Anne O'Hara is a Canadian actress, comedian, and writer. O'Hara is the recipient of a number of awards, including a Genie Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and six Canadian Screen Awards. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2018 and was honoured with the Governor General's Performing Arts Lifetime Artistic Achievement Award in 2020.
Nicholas Lou Saban Jr. is an American football coach who has been the head football coach at the University of Alabama since 2007. Saban previously served as head coach of the National Football League's Miami Dolphins and at three other universities: Louisiana State University (LSU), Michigan State University, and the University of Toledo. Saban is considered by many to be the greatest coach in college football history.
Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, and an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. As of December 2021, Google Translate supports 109 languages at various levels and as of April 2016, claimed over 500 million total users, with more than 100 billion words translated daily.
Cape Cod Space Force Station is a United States Space Force station located in the northwest corner of Joint Base Cape Cod, United States, on Flatrock Hill in Massachusetts. Cape Cod Space Force Station began construction in 1976 as Cape Cod Missile Early Warning Station and was renamed Cape Cod Air Force Station in 1982, before assuming its current name in 2021.
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The agent of variola virus (VARV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980. The risk of death after contracting the disease was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often those who survived had extensive scarring of their skin, and some were left blind.
Fire OS is a mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project and created by Amazon for its Fire tablets, Echo smart speakers and Fire TV devices. It includes proprietary software, a customized user interface primarily centered on content consumption, and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services. Apps for Fire OS are provided through the Amazon Appstore.