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The 190th Infantry Division (German: 190. Infanterie-Division), initially known as Division No. 190 (German: Division Nr. 190), was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II.
On 15 May 1940, the Replacement Division Hamburg (German: Ersatz-Division Hamburg) was formed to organize the parts of Division No. 160 that stayed behind in Wehrkreis X in Germany as most of the 160th was moved to occupied Denmark. The Replacement Division Hamburg was renamed to become Division No. 190 on 10 June 1940. [1] The initial commander, appointed on 17 May 1940, was Kurt Wolff. [2]
In June 1940, Division No. 190 consisted of the following elements: [1]
On 15 October 1940, the divisional staff headquarters were deployed to Neumünster. On 1 December 1941, having passed th 225th Regiment to the 160th Division, Division No. 190 consisted of the following elements: [1]
On 15 April 1942, Wolff was replaced as divisional commander by Emil Markgraf. Markgraf was then replaced by Justin von Obernitz on 22 June 1942, who was in turn replaced by Albert Newiger on 1 November 1942. [2] Also on 1 November 1942, as part of the reorganization of the Replacement Army, the replacement battalions of the 160th Division were formed into the 520th Regiment and transferred to Division No. 190. [1] Newiger was replaced as divisional commander by Ernst Hammer on 10 November 1942. Hammer would command the 190th Division until the end of the war. [2]
On 1 April 1943, the 20th Motorized Regiment was taken out of Division No. 190 and put directly under the supervision of the Wehrkreis as Commander of Panzer Troops X. [1]
In December 1943, Division No. 190 consisted of the following elements: [1]
In response to the British paratrooper landings near Arnhem that were part of the Allied Operation Market Garden , the codeword "Alarm Küste" was given out to all replacement units of Wehrkreis X, including Division No. 190 on 18 September 1944. These forces were hurriedly deployed to the Netherlands for combat. The combat strength of the division, which had been reinforced by the Commander of Panzer Troops X, was as follows, for a total of 9607 personnel: [1]
Near Nijmegen, Division No. 190 clashed with Allied forces including the American 82nd Airborne Division. [2]
On 4 November 1944, Division No. 190 was restructured into the 190th Infantry Division. Its divisional structure was as follows, with each of the three Grenadier Regiments consisting of two battalions each: [1]
This promotion made the 190th Infantry Division one of the few units to be restructured directly from a replacement division into a full infantry division, whereas most comparable formations first had to go through the stage of reserve divisions. [2]
In March 1945, the division's strength was refreshed in the Hilversum-Utrecht area. Following an order on 4 April 1945, the division was dissolved and most of its soldiers used to reinforce the newly formed Infantry Division Ulrich von Hutten. [1] The divisional staff of the 190th Division continued to exist until 13 April 1945, when the division's commanding general, Ernst Hammer, was captured in the Ruhr Pocket. [2]
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