Parliamentary elections were held in Transkei on 20 November 1963. [1] Although the Democratic Party won a majority of the elected seats, the Transkei National Independence Party emerged as the largest party in the Legislative Assembly after the appointment of a further 64 members. [1]
The assembly met for the first time on 6 December 1963 in Umtata, and elected Chief Kaiser Matanzima as Chief Minister over Chief Victor Poto. Matanzima received 54 votes, and Poto 49, with 2 papers being spoilt. Following the vote Matanzima formed the Transkei National Independence Party from his supporters – largely non-elected chiefs and their supporters. Poto and the majority of elected members of the assembly formed the opposition in response. [2]
The Legislative Assembly had a total of 109 seats, 45 of which were elected and 64 of which were reserved for directly and indirectly elected chiefs. [1]
Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elected | Chiefs | Total | ||||||
Democratic Party | 27 | 8 | 35 | |||||
Transkei National Independence Party | 15 | 56 | 71 | |||||
Other parties and independents | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||||
Total | 45 | 64 | 109 | |||||
Total votes | 601,204 | – | ||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 880,425 | 68.29 | ||||||
Source: African Elections Database |
The politics of Seychelles have historical roots in both one-party socialism and autocratic rule. Following independence from the United Kingdom in 1976, Seychelles was a sovereign republic until 1977, when the original President and leader of the Seychelles Democratic Party, James Mancham, was overthrown in a bloodless coup by the Prime Minister France-Albert René. René installed a single-party socialist state under the Seychelles People's Progressive Front in 1979 which remained in power until 1993, when multiparty elections took place for the first time since independence, after restoring the multi-party system in 1991. Modern day Seychelles governance takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Seychelles is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly.
The Kenya African National Union (KANU) is a Kenyan political party that ruled for nearly 40 years after Kenya's independence from British colonial rule in 1963 until its electoral loss in 2002. It was known as Kenya African Union (KAU) from 1944 but due to pressure from the colonial government, KAU changed its name to Kenya African Study Union (KASU) mainly because all political parties were banned in 1939 following the start of the Second World War. In 1946 KASU rebranded itself into KAU following the resignation of Harry Thuku as president due to internal differences between the moderates who wanted peaceful negotiations and the militants who wanted to use force, the latter forming the Aanake a forty, which later became the Mau Mau. His post was then occupied by James Gichuru, who stepped down for Jomo Kenyatta in 1947 as president of KAU. The KAU was banned by the colonial government from 1952 to 1960. It was re-established by James Gichuru in 1960 and renamed KANU on 14 May 1960 after a merger with Tom Mboya's Kenya Independence Movement.
Transkei, officially the Republic of Transkei, was an unrecognised state in the southeastern region of South Africa from 1976 to 1994. It was, along with Ciskei, a Bantustan for the Xhosa people, and operated as a nominally independent parliamentary democracy. Its capital was Umtata.
The United Democratic Movement (UDM) is a centre-left, social-democratic, South African political party, formed by a prominent former National Party leader, Roelf Meyer, a former African National Congress and Transkei homeland leader, General Bantu Holomisa, and a former ANC Executive Committee member, John Taylor. It has an anti-separatist, pro-diversity platform; and supports an individualist South Africa with a strong moral sense, in both social and economic senses.
King Kaiser Daliwonga Mathanzima, misspelled Matanzima, was the long-term leader of Transkei. In 1950, when South Africa was offered to establish the Bantu Authorities Act, Matanzima convinced the Bunga to accept the Act. The Bunga were the council of Transkei chiefs, who at first rejected the Act until 1955 when Matanzima persuaded them.
Elections in Guinea-Bissau take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a semi-presidential system. Both the President and the National People's Assembly are directly elected by voters.
Elections in Kenya take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President, Senate and National Assembly are directly elected by voters, with elections organised by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC).
Elections in Rwanda are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and electoral fraud. According to its constitution, Rwanda is a multi-party democracy with a presidential system. In practice, it functions as a one-party state ruled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its leader Paul Kagame. The President and majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected, whilst the Senate is indirectly elected and partly appointed.
Elections in Zambia take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President and National Assembly are simultaneously elected for five-year terms.
The National Assembly is the sole legislative body of Botswana's unicameral Parliament, of which consists of the President and the National Assembly. The House passes laws, provides ministers to form Cabinet, and supervises the work of government. It is also responsible for adopting the country's budgets. It is advised by the Ntlo ya Dikgosi, a council of tribal chiefs which is not a house of Parliament.
The National Assembly is the unicameral legislative body of the Republic of Cabo Verde.
General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 14 December 1962. Voters elected 65 members of the Legislative Assembly. The election was notable for bringing to power the Rhodesian Front, initially under Winston Field, which set the colony on the course for its eventual Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
Princess Stella Nomzamo Sigcau was a Minister in the South African Government. Sigcau was also the first female Prime Minister of the bantustan of Transkei before being deposed in a military coup in 1987.
The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as apartheid was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws. This legislation served to institutionalize racial discrimination and the dominance by white people over people of other races. While the bulk of this legislation was enacted after the election of the National Party government in 1948, it was preceded by discriminatory legislation enacted under earlier British and Afrikaner governments. Apartheid is distinguished from segregation in other countries by the systematic way in which it was formalized in law.
The Transkei National Independence Party (TNIP) was a political party in the nominally independent South African homeland of Transkei. It was founded by the Matanzima brothers, Kaiser and George. The party advocated cooperation with the South African government. As of 1985, the leader of the party was George Matanzima. The party governed Transkei from 1976 until the 1987 coup d'état by Bantu Holomisa.
King Botha Sigcau was a King in Eastern Pondoland, Transkei, South Africa (1939–1976) and later the figurehead President of Transkei from 1976 to 1978. A graduate of the University of Fort Hare, Sigcau was an early supporter of the Bantu Authorities in Transkei and was rewarded by the South African government when he was appointed chairman of the Transkei Territorial Authority, the parliament before independence.
The politics of Odisha are part of India's federal parliamentary representative democracy, where the union government exercises sovereign rights. Certain powers are reserved to the states, including Odisha. The state has a multi-party system, in which the two main parties are the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the regional, socialist Biju Janata Dal (BJD). The Indian National Congress (INC) has also significant presence.
Chief George Mzimvubu Mathanzima was a leader of the Transkei bantustan in South Africa, a young brother of Kaiser Matanzima and a nephew of Nelson Mandela. He and his brother, Kaiser co-founded and led the Transkei National Independence Party. Mathanzima was appointed as Prime Minister of Transkei after his brother became President. He served as Prime Minister from 20 February 1979 to 24 September 1987. Bantu Holomisa forced his resignation and exile in October 1987. Stella Sigcau succeeded him as Prime Minister, but Holomisa forced her out of office in a coup d'état and took power himself in December 1987.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Transkei Bantustan, South Africa on 23 October 1968. The Transkei National Independence Party won 57 of the 75 elected seats.
King Nyangelizwe kaPoto was the third President of the bantustan of Transkei, which was granted nominal independence from South Africa on 26 October 1976. He was the King of Western Mpondoland, the son of King Victor Poto Ndamase, the brother to Xhosa Queen Nondwe Sigcawu the wife of King Xolilizwe Sigcawu; AmaRharhabe Queen Nolizwe Sandile the wife of King Mxolisi Sandile and mother of King Maxhob'ayakhawuleza Sandile; and Chieftain Nolusapho Mabandla of the wife of AmaBhele Chief Thandathu Jongilizwe Mabandla.