Red Square is a city square in Moscow, Russia. It separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and now the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod. Red Square is often considered to be the central square of Moscow since the city's major streets, which connect to Russia's major highways, originate in the square.
Lenin's Mausoleum, also known as Lenin's Tomb, situated in Red Square in the centre of Moscow, is a mausoleum that currently serves as the resting place of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin. His preserved body has been on public display there since shortly after his death in 1924, with rare exceptions in wartime. Alexey Shchusev's diminutive but monumental granite structure incorporates some elements from ancient mausoleums, such as the Step Pyramid, the Tomb of Cyrus the Great and, to some degree, Temple of the Inscriptions.
Burials in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow began in November 1917, when 240 pro-Bolshevik victims of the October Revolution were buried in mass graves at Red Square. It is centered on both sides of Lenin's Mausoleum, initially built in wood in 1924 and rebuilt in granite in 1929–1930. After the last mass burial made in 1921, funerals on Red Square were usually conducted as state ceremonies and reserved as the last honor for notable politicians, military leaders, cosmonauts, and scientists. In 1925–1927 burials in the ground were stopped; funerals were now conducted as burials of cremated ash in the Kremlin wall itself. Burials in the ground only resumed with Mikhail Kalinin's funeral in 1946. The practice of burying dignitaries at Red Square ended with the funeral of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985. The Kremlin Wall Necropolis was designated a protected landmark in 1974.
The Moscow Victory Parade of 1945 was a victory parade held by the Soviet Armed Forces after the defeat of Nazi Germany. This, the longest and largest military parade ever held on Red Square in the Soviet capital Moscow, involved 40,000 Red Army soldiers and 1,850 military vehicles and other military hardware. The parade lasted just over two hours on a rainy June 24, 1945, over a month after May 9, the day of Germany's surrender to Soviet commanders. Despite 800 000 women serving in the Soviet armed forces, no woman was allowed to march during the parade.
Azadliq Square, in Baku is the biggest city-centre square in Azerbaijan. It lies next to Baku Boulevard.
The Moscow Victory Day Parade of 1965 was held on 9 May 1965 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945. The parade marks the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War.
The Moscow Victory Day Parade of 1985 was held on 9 May 1985 on the Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Victory in Europe. The parade marked the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War. It was the first V-Day parade held since 1965, and the third of four Victory Day parades held during the Soviet Union's existence.
The 1981 October Revolution Parade took place on Moscow's Red Square on November 7, 1981, and was dedicated to the 64th anniversary of the October Revolution. General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev was among the high-ranking party members who attended the parade. Taking the salute was Dmitry Ustinov, Minister of Defense of the USSR and Marshal of the Soviet Union. Commanding the parade was Petr Lushev, commander of the Moscow Military District. The music was performed by the Combined Orchestra of the Moscow Garrison and conducted by Major General Nikolai Mikhailov. The 1981 parade was the first to introduce a new band layout for the orchestra. This included the full implementation of the sousaphone in the back row, as well as drummers added to the front line, spaced in between the fanfare trumpets. A new model ZiL limousine used for the inspection tour was also included.
The 1975 October Revolution Parade was a parade on Red Square dedicated to the 58th anniversary of the October Revolution on November 7th 1975. Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrei Grechko gave his last speech on the grandstand of Lenin's Mausoleum, before he died the following April. Commanding the parade was the head of the Moscow Military District Colonel General Vladimir Govorov. Providing the music for his final parade, was conducted by Major General Nikolai Nazarov of the combined massed bands of the Moscow Garrison. A scaled down display of military technologies was also present. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev and Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin were present at the parade.
The 1963 October Revolution Parade was a parade on Red Square in Moscow on November 7 1963 for the 46th anniversary of the October Revolution. It would be the last parade attended by Nikita Khrushchev before he was deposed the following October. Inspecting the parade was Marshal of the Soviet Union Rodion Malinovsky and commanding the parade was the commander of the Moscow Military District, Afanasy Beloborodov.The massed bands of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union led by Major General Nikolai Nazarov was playing the military marches. The parade officially began at the chimes of the Kremlin Clock at 10:00. It has one of the earliest records of the full parade.
The 1987 October Revolution Parade was a parade on Red Square to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917. It took place in Moscow on November 7, 1987. Marshal of the Soviet Union and the Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov inspected the parade. Commanding the parade was the commander of the Moscow Garrison Vladimir Arkhipov. Music was performed by the head of Moscow Garrison's central band, Major General Nikolai Mikhailov. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev and other members of the Politburo were on the grandstand of Lenin's Mausoleum in Red Square.
The 1990 October Revolution Parade was the last parade commemorating the 1917 October Revolution during the Soviet Union's existence. It celebrated the 73rd anniversary of the revolution. It was first and last parade attended by Mikhail Gorbachev in his position as President of the Soviet Union. At the chimes of the Kremlin Clock, Gorbachev gave an address to the nation. It would be the second and last time a Soviet leader made an address on Lenin's Mausoleum during an October Revolution parade. It is the only Soviet parade when the inspection of troops are held after the President's speech and anthem, in contrast to the previous parades which the inspection of troops begin, followed by speech by the parade inspector and anthem, besides one of the few parades when the emblems of the Soviet Republics are not in display on the Red Square other than the 1990 Victory Day Parade, most possibly due to independence of Lithuania and Latvia. After the anthem was played, the commander of the parade Colonel General Nikolai Kalinin reported to the parade inspector Marshal of the Soviet Union Dmitry Yazov. Providing the music for the parade was the head of the central orchestra of the Moscow Military District, Major General Nikolai Mikhailov. It is also the only parade when the Soviet leadership on the grandstand to move down the grandstand to lead the civilian demonstration after the military parade.
The 1941 October Revolution Parade of November 7, 1941 was a parade in honor of the October Revolution 24 years earlier. It is most famous for taking place during the Battle of Moscow. The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin delivered a speech to the soldiers on the parade on Red Square who would go to battle immediately after the parade. Many of the soldiers on the parade would be killed in battle. Every year in modern Russia November 7th is a holiday in honor of the 1941 parade as a substitute for celebration of the October Revolution, as a Day of Military Honour.
The 1972 October Revolution Parade was held in commemoration of the 55th anniversary of the 1917 October Revolution and the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922. It was the 100th Soviet military parade on Red Square. Notable attendees were Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and Soviet Prime Minister Nikolai Podgorny. The parade's commander was Colonel General Vladimir Govorov, head of the Moscow Garrison. The parade's mobile column exhibited military equipment, prominently including Katyusha rocket launchers. The Parade's motto was "On Red Square under the Red Banner". Revolution Day was also celebrated in Leningrad with a military parade on Palace Square, inspected by the commander of the Leningrad Military District Lieutenant General, Ivan Shavrov.
The 1989 October Revolution Parade was a parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1989 to commemorate the 72nd anniversary of the socialist revolution in the Russian Empire in 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Nikolai Ryzhkov the Premier of the Soviet Union was on Lenin's Mausoleum watching the parade. This would be the last time that Gorbachev would be at the parade in the capacity of General Secretary. General of the Army and Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov made his 3rd holiday address to the nation after he inspected the troops. It is one of the last traditional soviet parades in the USSR's existence. Col. Gen. Nikolai Vasilyevich Kalinin the head of the Moscow Military District was the 1989 parade commander. After the parade the Central band of the honor guard performed during a Military band show on Red square.
The 1967 October Revolution Parade is the parade on Moscow's Red Square devoted to the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, 7 November 1967. As 1967 being the 50th anniversary parade it would feature troops dressed up as historical units from the Russian civil war era. It would also feature the first Color guard on parade from the honor guard. Cavalry units from the Revolution era also rode through Red Square. Commanding the parade is First Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military District, Colonel General Evgeny Ivanovski. Inspecting the parade and also giving his first jubilee address is Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrei Grechko. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev was on Lenin's Mausoleum in attendance. Major General Nikolai Nazarov was the conductor of the Moscow Military District massed bands which performed on that historic event. The General Secretary of East Germany's Socialist Unity Party Walter Ulbricht was also in attendance. The massed bands marched off to the tune of "My Beloved Motherland" at the end of the mobile column.
The 1977 October Revolution Parade was a military parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1977 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution. The annual parade marks the protest of the Bolsheviks against the Tsarist Government. Marshal Dmitry Ustinov delivered his second holiday address to the nation on this day, right after the parade inspection that had presided over by him and led by the commander of the Moscow Garrison Colonel General Vladimir Govorov. Music was performed by the Combined Orchestra of the Moscow Garrison conducted by Colonel Nikolai Mikhailov. As per tradition, 14 other Soviet Cities held their parades on this day. The Soviet Communist Party General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin attended the parade. The highlight was the T-72 tank was first publicly seen at this parade. The parade as well featured a full return to the iconic armor columns and missiles in the second half of the military portion of the parade. This parade also included the updated anthem of the Soviet Union.
The 1983 October Revolution Parade was a parade on to celebrate the 66th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917. It took place on Red Square in Moscow the capital of the Soviet Union on November 7th 1983. Marshal of the Soviet Union and the Minister of Defence Dmitry Ustinov inspected the parade. the 1983 parade commander was the head of the Moscow Garrison Pyotr Lushev. Music was performed by the head of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union Major General Nikolai Mikhailov. Yuri Andropov the Soviet leader at the time did not attend the parade due to a sickness prior to the parade.
October Revolution Day was a public holiday in the Soviet Union and other Soviet-aligned states, officially observed on November 7 from 1927 to 1990.
The 1957 October Revolution Parade was a parade on Moscow's Red Square dedicated to the ruby jubilee of the Great October Socialist Revolution on 7 November 1957.
