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Allantoin is a chemical compound with formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms including animals, plants and bacteria. It is produced from uric acid, which itself is a degradation product of nucleic acids, by action of urate oxidase (uricase). The occurs as a natural mineral compound (IMA symbol Aan).
The enzyme urate oxidase (UO), uricase or factor-independent urate hydroxylase, absent in humans, catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate:
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References
- ↑ Ramazzina I, Folli C, Secchi A, Berni R, Percudani R (March 2006). "Completing the uric acid degradation pathway through phylogenetic comparison of whole genomes". Nat. Chem. Biol. 2 (3): 144–8. doi:10.1038/nchembio768. PMID 16462750. S2CID 13441301.
- ↑ Cendron L, Berni R, Folli C, Ramazzina I, Percudani R, Zanotti G (2007). "The structure of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase provides insights into the mechanism of uric acid degradation". J Biol Chem. 282 (25): 18182–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M701297200 . PMID 17428786.
- ↑ Kim K, Park J, Rhee S (2007). "Structural and functional basis for (S)-allantoin formation in the ureide pathway". J Biol Chem. 282 (32): 23457–64. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M703211200 . PMID 17567580.
- ↑ Todd CD, Tipton PA, Blevins DG, Piedras P, Pineda M, Polacco JC (2006). "Update on ureide degradation in legumes". J Exp Bot. 57 (1): 5–12. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erj013 . PMID 16317038.