2011 Duhok riots

Last updated
2011 Duhok riots
Zakho riots 2011.jpg
Shops in Zakho after the riots
DateDecember 2–5, 2011
Location
Caused byIslamic sermons [1]
GoalsTo destroy massage parlors and alcohol shops
Methods Arson, coercion
Resulted inWidespread property damage, arrest of KIU members

The 2011 Duhok riots refers to riots which began on December 2, 2011 in the Duhok Governorate, Iraq. They were instigated by Friday prayers' sermons by Ismail Osman Sindai, [2] a Kurdish imam, calling for attacks against stores selling alcohol and massage parlours in Zakho. The riots soon developed into the looting and burning down of properties in other towns in the governorate, causing four million dollars of damage. [3]

Contents

The riots ended after Kurdistan Regional Government security forces intervened and began a massive crackdown on demonstrators. As a result of the riots, a group of secular Kurds attacked a number of buildings belonging to the Kurdistan Islamic Union party. [4]

Background

Many of the businesses targeted were owned by non-Muslim minority groups, including Christian Assyrians and Yezidis. [5] Christian leaders in the region had been concerned about the impact of the Arab Spring, particularity the rise of radical Islamism. [6] The riots started in Zakho, the northernmost town of Iraq, located close to the Turkish border.

Friday events

The small riots were instigated by Friday sermons in the northern city of Zakho after Muslim clerics called for the destruction of stores that sold alcohol in the city on December 2, 2011. [6] Angry youth mobs attacked businesses such as stores, hotels, casinos, and massage parlors in the northern town of Zakho. [1] [7] The violence spilled into nearby towns of Duhok and Semel. Many social clubs and homes were also attacked throughout the province. Angry Kurdish pro-government supporters that belonged to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and Kurdistan Democratic Party suspected Muslim Brotherhood-inspired Kurdistan Islamic Union (KIU) clerics to be behind the violence and attacked offices of the Islamic party in Duhok and Erbil overnight. However, in an official statement, the KIU denied any connections to the riots. [8]

The riots ended three days later with the strong response from the Kurdistan Regional Government.

Aftermath

On December 3, the Kurdish intelligence agency Asaish arrested 20 KIU members of parliament and high officials within the party. [9] The President of Iraqi Kurdistan Masoud Barzani ordered the formation of a committee to investigate the event. [10] In an official press release, he stated: "I condemn both these unlawful acts. I call on the people of the Kurdistan Region to preserve our traditions of ethnic and religious co-existence. I have ordered the formation of a committee to look into these disturbances and bring to justice those responsible." [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duhok Governorate</span> Governorate of Iraq

Duhok Governorate is a governorate in the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Its capital is the city of Duhok. It includes Zakho, near the Ibrahim Khalil border crossing with Şırnak Province, Turkey. It borders the Al-Hasakah Governorate of Syria. It was established on 27 May 1969, previously part of Nineveh Governorate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duhok</span> City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Duhok is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is the capital city of Duhok Governorate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human rights in post-invasion Iraq</span>

Human rights in post-invasion Iraq have been the subject of concerns and controversies since the 2003 U.S. invasion. Concerns have been expressed about conduct by insurgents, the U.S.-led coalition forces and the Iraqi government. The U.S. is investigating several allegations of violations of international and internal standards of conduct in isolated incidents by its own forces and contractors. The UK is also conducting investigations of alleged human rights abuses by its forces. War crime tribunals and criminal prosecution of the numerous crimes by insurgents are likely years away. In late February 2009, the U.S. State Department released a report on the human rights situation in Iraq, looking back on the prior year (2008).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iraqi Kurdistan</span> Kurdish-inhabited and self-governing region in Iraq

Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey, northern Syria, and northwestern Iran. Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zakho</span> City in Iraq

Zakho, also spelled Zaxo is a city in the Kurdistan Region, at the centre of the Zakho District of the Dohuk Governorate, located a few kilometers from the Ibrahim Khalil border crossing. Zakho is known for its celebrations of Newroz.

Kurdistan Islamic Union, colloquially referred to as Yekgirtû, is a Kurdish Islamist party in Iraqi Kurdistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ankawa</span> Town in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Ankawa is a suburb of Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is located 8 kilometres (5 mi) northwest of downtown Erbil. The suburb is predominantly populated by Christian Assyrians, most of whom adhere to the Chaldean Catholic Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assyrians in Iraq</span> Ethnic group

Iraqi Assyrians are an ethnic and linguistic minority group, indigenous to Upper Mesopotamia. They are defined as Assyrians residing in the country of Iraq, or members of the Assyrian diaspora who are of Iraqi-Assyrian heritage. They share a common history and ethnic identity, rooted in shared linguistic, cultural and religious traditions, with Assyrians in Iran, Turkey and Syria, as well as with the Assyrian diaspora elsewhere. A significant number have emigrated to the United States, notably to the Detroit and Chicago; a sizeable community is also found in Sydney, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan Region</span> Semi-autonomous entity in the Republic of Iraq

Kurdistan Region is a semi-autonomous administrative entity within the Republic of Iraq. It comprises four Kurdish-majority divisions of Arab-majority Iraq: the Erbil Governorate, the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, the Duhok Governorate, and Halabja Governorate. The KRI is bordered by Iran to the east, by Turkey to the north, and by Syria to the west. It does not govern all of Iraqi Kurdistan, and lays claim to the disputed territories of northern Iraq; these territories have a predominantly non-Arab population and were subject to the Ba'athist Arabization campaigns throughout the late 20th century. Though the KRI's autonomy was realized in 1992, one year after Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, these northern territories remain contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Government of Iraq to the present day. In light of the dispute, the KRI's constitution declares the city of Kirkuk as the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan. However, the KRI does not control Kirkuk, and the Kurdistan Region Parliament is based in Erbil. In 2014, when the Syria-based Islamic State began their Northern Iraq offensive and invaded the country, the Iraqi Armed Forces retreated from most of the disputed territories. The KRI's Peshmerga then entered and took control of them for the duration of the War in Iraq (2013–2017). In October 2017, following the defeat of the Islamic State, the Iraqi Armed Forces attacked the Peshmerga and reasserted control over the disputed territories.

Minorities in Iraq include various ethnic and religious groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdish Christians</span> Kurds who follow Christianity

Kurdish Christians are Kurds who follow Christianity. Though the majority of Kurds were converted to Islam during the expansion of the Islamic caliphates in the 7th century, there still remained a number of Kurdish Christians. Modernly however, the majority of Kurdish Christians are converts. A number of evangelical Kurdish churches have been established in recent times, in Erbil, Selimani, and Duhok in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and in Hassakeh, Qamishli, Kobani, Amouda, and Afrin in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christianity in Iraq</span>

The Christians of Iraq are considered to be one of the oldest continuous Christian communities in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zakho SC</span> Iraqi football club

Zakho Sport Club, also spelled as Zaxo Sport Club, is an Iraqi professional sports club based in Zakho, Iraqi Kurdistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan Democratic Party</span> Political party in the Kurdistan Region (founded 1946)

The Kurdistan Democratic Party, usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

This is a list of public holidays in Iraq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assyrian National Broadcasting</span> Private television broadcasting company

Assyrian National Broadcasting, also known as ANB Sat, is a private television broadcasting company for the Assyrian community, available for viewing on the internet or through satellite. The channel was founded in 2011 by Ninos Ternian in order to preserve and extend the reach of Assyrian heritage, culture, and language. The channel was closed in 2021 before reopening two years later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ano Abdoka</span> Assyrian politician in Iraqi Kurdistan

Ano Jawhar Abdulmaseeh Abdoka, or Ano Abdoka (Syriac: ܐܢܘ ܥܒܕܘܟܐ, Kurdish: ئانۆ عەبدۆكا, romanized: Ano Ebdoke, Arabic: أنو عبدوكا, is an Assyrian politician who serves as the Minister of Transportations and Communications of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq since July 2019. Before serving as a minister, Abdoka led the Shlama Trend for Christian Affairs in Kurdistan and Iraq, and also leading the biggest Christian Chaldean Assyrian Syriac Alliance and block in the Kurdistan Parliament, and he previously led the local committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Ankawa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deraluk</span> Town in Iraq

Deraluk is a town and subdistrict in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located on the Great Zab and in the district of Amadiya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of Zakho</span>

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Zakho, Iraq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of Duhok</span>

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Duhok, Iraq.

References

  1. 1 2 "Sermons spark riots in Iraqi Kurdish city". USA Today . 3 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  2. "Ankawa: Mullah Denies Responsibility for Kurdish Riots". Archived from the original on 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2017-07-14.
  3. Ankawa: مصدر: نحو 4 ملايين دولار حجم الخسائر الناجمة عن إحراق الأماكن السياحية في أحداث دهوك Archived 2019-07-12 at the Wayback Machine (in Arabic)
  4. Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) (December 5, 2011). "Christians Attacked in Iraq by Kurdish Extremists" . Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  5. "Mullah Denies Responsibility for Kurdish Riots in North Iraq". Assyrian International News Agency . 2011-12-05.
  6. 1 2 "Zakho, Iraqi Islamic extremists attack Christian-owned shops and properties". AsiaNews.it. 3 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  7. كردستانية - بارزاني: الحفاظ على التعايش السلمي ليس واجب حكومة الاقليم فحسب بل واجب كل اهالي كردستان. peyamner (in Arabic). 3 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  8. "KIU Politburo Statement on Bahdinan Riots". Kurdish Islamic Union. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  9. قوات الاسايش تعتقل قيادات في الاتحاد الاسلامي ومنهم النائب نجيب عبدالله
  10. "Rioters Attack Liquor Stores, Offices of Local Islamic Party". 3 December 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  11. "National - President Barzani Condemns Violence in Duhok, Calls for Calm". peyamner. 3 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011.