Sulaymaniyah or Slemani, is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, not far from the Iran–Iraq border. It is surrounded by the Azmar (Ezmer), Goizha (Goyje) and Qaiwan (Qeywan) Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.
The Peshmerga comprise the standing military of Kurdistan Region, an autonomous political entity within the Republic of Iraq. According to the Constitution of Iraq, the Peshmerga and their security subsidiaries are solely responsible for the security of Kurdistan Region, chiefly due to the fact that the Iraqi Armed Forces are forbidden to enter Iraqi Kurdistan. These subsidiaries include Asayish, Parastin û Zanyarî, and Zêrevanî. The Peshmerga's history dates back to the 18th century, when they began as a strictly tribal pseudo-military border guard under the Ottoman Turks and the Safavid Iranians. By the 19th century, they had evolved into a disciplined and well-trained guerrilla force.
Barham Salih is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the eighth president of Iraq from 2018 to 2022.
Kurdistan Region is an autonomous administrative entity within the Republic of Iraq. It comprises four Kurdish-majority divisions of Arab-majority Iraq: the Erbil Governorate, the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, the Duhok Governorate, and Halabja Governorate. The KRI is bordered by Iran to the east, by Turkey to the north, and by Syria to the west. It does not govern all of Iraqi Kurdistan, and lays claim to the disputed territories of northern Iraq; these territories have a predominantly non-Arab population and were subject to the Ba'athist Arabization campaigns throughout the late 20th century. Though the KRI's autonomy was realized in 1992, one year after Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, these northern territories remain contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Government of Iraq to the present day. In light of the dispute, the KRI's constitution declares the city of Kirkuk as the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan. However, the KRI does not control Kirkuk, and the Kurdistan Region Parliament is based in Erbil. In 2014, when the Syria-based Islamic State began their Northern Iraq offensive and invaded the country, the Iraqi Armed Forces retreated from most of the disputed territories. The KRI's Peshmerga then entered and took control of them for the duration of the War in Iraq (2013–2017). In October 2017, following the defeat of the Islamic State, the Iraqi Armed Forces attacked the Peshmerga and reasserted control over the disputed territories.
Kifri is the central town of Kifri District in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It has a mixed population of Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. It is under de facto administration by Kurdistan Region, but remains a disputed area claimed by the central government.
The Iraqi Kurdish Civil War was a civil war that took place between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan during the mid-1990s, mostly between the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Over the course of the conflict, Kurdish factions from Iran and Turkey, as well as Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish forces, were drawn into the fighting, with additional involvement from American forces. Between 35,000 and 40,000 fighters and civilians were killed.
The Gorran Movement or just Gorran (Change) is a Kurdish political party in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Formerly under the leadership of Omar Said Ali, it was founded in 2009 by Nawshirwan Mustafa. Gorran is the sixth largest party in the Kurdistan Region, having lost almost all of its voters (95%) since its foundation, and is now no longer represented in the Iraqi parliament.
Kosrat Rasul Ali is a Kurdish politician and the leader of the Supreme Political Council of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), veteran Peshmerga military leader, former Prime Minister, and former Vice President of the Kurdistan Region.
Kalar is a city in the Kurdistan Region in Iraq, located on the west bank of the Sirwan (Diyala) river in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is located east of Kifri and west of the towns of Qasri Shirin and Sarpol Zahab, located in Kermanshah.
The 2011 Kurdish protests in Iraq were a series of demonstrations and riots against the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraqi Kurdistan. The autonomous region experienced protests that were concurrent with the 2011 Iraqi protests and the wider Arab Spring. The Iraqi Kurdish protests were also related to the 2011 Kurdish protests in Turkey and the 2011–2012 Iranian protests, as well as the civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War.
Halabja Governorate is a governorate in the autonomous region of Kurdistan Region in Iraq. The governorate was established in 2014, splitting off from Sulaymaniyah Governorate and becoming the fourth governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Its capital is the city of Halabja. Halabja Governorate is the least populated governorate.
Shaswar Abdulwahid (Sorani Kurdish: شاسوار عەبدولواحید | Şaswar Ebdulwahîd; born 2 December 1978 in Slemani, Kurdistan region, is a businessman-turned-politician, leader of Naway Nwe movement and the founder of NRT media.
The New Generation Movement or Naway Nwe is an Iraqi Kurdish political party formed to contest the 2018 general election.
The joint Claw-Eagle and Claw-Tiger operations was a Turkish Armed Forces external operation in northern Iraq. The operation took place in the Qandil Mountains, the Sinjar District, and Makhmur, against Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) targets, as part of the ongoing Kurdish–Turkish and Kurdish–Iranian conflicts. Claw-Eagle, the air campaign, began on 15 June 2020. Claw-Tiger, the ground campaign, was launched on 17 June.
Zhiar Ali is a former animal rights activist and a Kurdish advocate for LGBT rights. He presently resides in the Netherlands after having been based in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. In Iraqi Kurdistan, Ali is well known for his contributions to LGBT rights, including founding Yeksani, a group that works to promote LGBT rights in the Kurdistan Region. He is currently Yeksani's executive director and was a founding member of Kurdistan Vegans, Iraq's first pro-vegan animal rights group. Additionally, he has worked as a freelance journalist for news outlets, specialising in music journalism as well as political and social concerns.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan.
Garmian or Garmiyan is a region in the Kurdistan Region of Northern Iraq, it's historically considered to be a Kurdish province, the center of the region is located about (62 km) south of Sulaymaniyah City and (104 km) east of Kirkuk city and it includes Kalar, Kifri, Darbandikhan and Chamchamal district, and unofficially the district of Tuz Khurmatu and sometimes the district of Khanaqin. Kalar is the administrative center of the Garmiyan district. Some historic maps includes Kirkuk and Daquq to the region of Germiyan.
On November 17, 2022, at 7:45 p.m. local time, an explosion in the city of Sulaymaniyah in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, destroyed three homes. Authorities attributed the explosion to a buildup of gas inside the house after the LPG liquid gas tank leaked which caused a fire in a residential area, killing and injuring dozens and destroying three houses and several vehicles. The local authorities said the explosion happened in a packed house in the Kaziwa neighborhood. They also said it resulted in the complete collapse of the property which trapped dozens under the rubble. Final death tolls were announced to be 15 deaths and a further 12 injuries. Six of the 12 injured victims were quickly admitted to Sulaymaniyah's Shar Hospital, with four undergoing emergency surgery and another placed in the intensive care unit.
Yasin Mahmoud Rashid, Kurdî, also known as Mullah Yasin, is a Kurdish businessman and spokesperson for the Kurdistan Investors Union. He was born in 1975 in Sharbazher, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq.
The Kurdistan Society's Freedom Movement or Tevgerî Azadiyî, is a registered political party active in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It was founded in 2014 in Silêmanî and received an official license in 2018. In the Kurdistan Region, however, they applied for a license but didn't receive an answer from either the Silêmanî Governorate or the interior ministry of the region.
