Related Research Articles
Iran is a Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist and Islamic republic in which the president, parliament (Majles) and judicial system share powers reserved to the national government, according to its Constitution. The politics of Iran take place in a framework that officially combines elements of theocracy and presidential democracy. The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran, declaring that Shia Islam is Iran's official religion where around 90–95% of Iranians associate themselves with the Shia branch of Islam.
The government of Puerto Rico is a republican form of government with separation of powers, subject to the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United States. Article I of the Constitution of Puerto Rico defines the government and its political power and authority pursuant to U.S. Pub.L. 82–447. Said law mandated the establishment of a local constitution due to Puerto Rico's political status as a commonwealth of the United States. Ultimately, the powers of the government of Puerto Rico are all delegated by Congress and lack full protection under the U.S. Constitution. Because of this, the head of state of Puerto Rico is the President of the United States.
Proposition 58 was a California ballot proposition on the March 2, 2004 ballot. It passed with 4,535,084 (71.2%) votes in favor and 1,841,138 (28.8%) against. It was officially called the California Balanced Budget Act. It requires the state legislature to pass a balanced budget every year, which means that budgeted recurrent expenditure, including repayment of past debt, does not exceed estimated revenue. The act does not require that capital works programs be funded out of current revenues. The California Constitution has always allowed bond issues for specified capital works, above a certain value. Bond measures must be approved by a statewide ballot.
A government budget is a document prepared by the government and/or other political entity presenting its anticipated tax revenues and proposed spending/expenditure for the coming financial year. In most parliamentary systems, the budget is presented to the lower house of the legislature and often requires approval of the legislature. Through this budget, the government implements economic policy and realizes its program priorities. Once the budget is approved, the use of funds from individual chapters is in the hands of government, ministries and other institutions. Revenues of the state budget consist mainly of taxes, customs duties, fees and other revenues. State budget expenditures cover the activities of the state, which are either given by law or the constitution. The budget in itself does not appropriate funds for government programs, which requires additional legislative measures.
Five-Year Plans of Nepal generally strove to increase output and employment; develop the infrastructure; attain economic stability; promote industry, commerce, and international trade; establish administrative and public service institutions to support economic development; and also introduce labor-intensive production techniques to alleviate underemployment. The social goals of the plans were improving health and education as well as encouraging equitable income distribution. Although each plan had different development priorities, the allocation of resources did not always reflect these priorities. The first four plans concentrated on infrastructure—to make it possible to facilitate the movement of goods and services—and to increase the size of the market. Each of the five-year plans depended heavily on foreign assistance in the forms of grants and loans.
The Stabilization fund of the Russian Federation was established based on a resolution of the Government of Russia on 1 January 2004, as a part of the federal budget to balance the federal budget at the time of when oil price falls below a cut-off price, currently set at US$27 per barrel. In February 2008 the Stabilization Fund was split into a Reserve Fund, which is invested abroad in low-yield securities and used when oil and gas incomes fall, and the National Welfare Fund, which invests in riskier, higher return vehicles, as well as federal budget expenditures. The Reserve Fund was given $125 billion and the National Welfare Fund was given $32 billion. By the end of 2016 the two funds consisted respectively of $38.2 and 72.2 billion.
Politics of Florida reflect a state that has experienced conflict between its liberal southeastern region and its traditionally conservative northern region. Politics often revolve around budgeting and how money for budgets should be raised.
The 2009 Union budget of India was presented by the finance minister, Pranab Mukherjee, on 6 July 2009.
The Union budget of India for 2010–11 was presented by Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee in the Lok Sabha on Friday, February 26, 2010.
The Pakistan federal budget of 2009–2010 has been prepared in accordance with the budgeting and accounting classification system that has been approved by the Government of Pakistan as an integral part of the New Accounting Model. This is the first year the federal budget is being prepared using the newly adopted Medium-Term budgetary Framework (MTBF). Under this method macro projections are made over a rolling 3-year budgetary horizon. This year, expenditure ceilings were issued to Ministries on recurrent budget after Cabinet's approval, in line with the Government's stated priorities.
The Pakistan federal budget of 2011–2012 was presented in the National Assembly with a total outlay of 3.767 trillion rupees for fiscal year 2011–12. The budget was prepared in accordance with the budgeting and accounting classification system approved by the Government of Pakistan as an integral part of the new accounting model. The three year's medium-term indicative budget ceilings were issued to all principal accounting officers of the federal government. A new budget preparation method, called the 'output based budgeting' was introduced, which presented the federal budget by services and effects of services on target population and linked them with performance indicators and targets over the 3-year period. The budget was called 'pro-poor budget' by the parliamentarians.
The Federal Budget 2013–14 was the federal budget of Pakistan for the fiscal year beginning from 1 July 2013 and ending on 30 June 2014. The budget was presented by Finance Minister Ishaq Dar on 12 June 2013 during a session of the National Assembly. This is the first federal budget presented during the tenure of newly elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his cabinet since the change of government following the nationwide general elections held in 2013.
The Union Budget of India for 2014–2015 was presented by Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley on 10 July 2014,11 am. This was the first budget of Narendra Modi led NDA government.
The military budget or defence budget of India is the portion of the overall budget of Union budget of India that is allocated for the funding of the Indian Armed Forces. The military budget finances employee salaries and training costs, maintenance of equipment and facilities, support of new or ongoing operations, and development and procurement of new weapons, equipment, and vehicles.
The 2013 Ontario budget, known as the Prosperous and Fair Ontario Act, is the budget for the province of Ontario for fiscal year 2013. It was presented to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for its first reading on 2 May 2013 by Charles Sousa, the Minister of Finance of the Government of Ontario, and received Royal Assent on 13 June 2013.
The following is a timeline of the governorship of Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, also known as the Wike administration, from his inauguration as Governor of Rivers State on 29 May 2015 to present.
The Malaysian federal budget for 2015 fiscal year was presented to the Dewan Rakyat by Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Najib Razak on Friday, 10 October 2014.
The 2016 Rivers State budget was the financial statement of the Rivers State government presenting its proposed revenues and spending for the 2016 fiscal year. It was presented before the House of Assembly on 18 December 2015 by Governor Ezenwo Nyesom Wike. This was Governor Wike's first budget submitted as governor.
Events in the year 2017 in Nigeria.
Following the Arab Spring, the military tightened its control of the Egyptian economy. Details of the military's role in the economy are unclear given that statistics regarding the economy are absent or known to be wildly inaccurate.
References
- ↑ "Gov Wike presents 2017 N470bn Golden Jubilee budget". Vanguard. 28 December 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
- ↑ "Wike Signs N470bn Budget Into Law". The Tide . 16 January 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.