21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron

21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron
Squadron RF-4C Phantom II
Active	1942–1944; 1945–1988; 2007–2008
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Reconnaissance
Decorations	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award [1]
Insignia
21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron emblem (approved 20 November 2010) [1]
Patch with 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron emblem
21st Observation Squadron emblem (approved 12 June 1943) [2]

The 21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit, assigned to United States Air Forces Europe to activate or inactivate as needed. Its last known location was at Souda Bay, Greece.

The squadron was active as the 21st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, and served as a reconnaissance Replacement Training Unit during World War II until being disbanded in a reorganization of the United States Army Air Forces designed to make the most efficient use of resources to free manpower for overseas assignment.

The 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was formed shortly after the end of the war and served as part of the occupation forces in Germany until 1947, when it returned to the United States, where it was inactivated in 1949. The squadron was reactivated in 1952 to replace the 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, an Alabama Air National Guard unit. It remained in Europe as an element of the 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing (later 10th Tactical Fighter Wing) until it was inactivated on 15 January 1988.

The two squadrons were consolidated in 1985. In 2007, the consolidated squadron was converted to provisional status as the 21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron and assigned to United States Air Forces Europe, which activated it at Souda Bay, Greece.

History

World War II

The squadron was first established during World War II as the 21st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron and served as a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). ^[2] RTUs were oversized units whose mission was to train individual pilots or aircrews. ^[3] The squadron was stationed at several airfields in the Midwest and Southeast as part of Third Air Force. It initially trained crews for medium bombers used as reconnaissance aircraft, but changed its mission to focus on training reconnaissance pilots for overseas duty. ^[4]

However, the United States Army Air Forces found that standard military units, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization, were less well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, it adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. ^[5] As a result, the squadron was disbanded in 1944 ^[2] and replaced by the 347th AAF Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Tactical Reconnaissance).

Occupation of Germany and Post War

The 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was organized after the end of the war and served in the occupation of Germany ^[6] It was equipped with a variety of transport aircraft (C-45, C-47, UC-64) until it moved to Fürth Air Base, Germany where it began transition to North American P-51 Mustangs. ^[7]

The squadron moved to the United States and became part of Tactical Air Command in 1947 at Langley Field, Virginia, then moved to Lawson Field, Georgia without personnel or equipment ^[8] near Fort Benning where it equipped with F-6D (later RF-51D) Mustangs. The unit moved to Pope Field, North Carolina in September. It flew aerial mapping and reconnaissance missions, largely over the mid-Atlantic region, supporting Army forces at Fort Bragg during maneuvers. It was inactivated in 1949 ^[1] due to budget restrictions.

Cold War Service With United States Air Forces Europe

The squadron was reactivated as a night Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron in France in 1952 to replace an Alabama Air National Guard tactical reconnaissance squadron which had been federalized and brought to active duty in the buildup of forces during the Korean War. The RB-26s were repainted black^{[ citation needed ]} and the squadron was assigned a night reconnaissance mission supporting United States Army and North Atlantic Treaty Organization ground forces in West Germany. ^[1]

In May 1953 the squadron moved to Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany as part of a United States Air Forces Europe reorganization. The World War II-era RB-26s began to be replaced in October 1954 by Martin RB-57A Canberras, again painted black^{[ citation needed ]} for night reconnaissance missions, although some Invaders remained through 1956. In 1957 the RB-57s were transferred to Châteauroux-Déols Air Depot for shipment back to the United States and the 1st TRS was re-equipped with the Douglas RB-66C Destroyer. ^[1]

The squadron moved to RAF Alconbury, England in 1959 when the 47th Bombardment Wing's B-45s were retired, and Spangdalem became a tactical fighter base. It continued operating the RB-66Cs for night reconnaissance, although rotated frequently to Toul Air Base until 1966 where its parent 10th TRW operated a forward location. ^{[note 1]} In 1966 it converted to the RF-4C Phantom II upon its introduction to USAFE. The squadron flew the RF-4C for over 20 years from Alconbury, ^[1] and from RAF Wethersfield, ^{[note 2]} frequently participating in NATO exercises.

The unit was consolidated with the 21st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron in 1985 to give the squadron a World War II history. The squadron became non-operational on 16 June 1987 with the withdrawal of the RF-4C from Europe, and was inactivated in 1988 when the 10th TRW transitioned to a Fairchild Republic A-10 tactical fighter wing. ^{[1] [9]}

Lineage

21st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron

Constituted as 21st Observation Squadron (Light) on 5 February 1942

Activated on 2 March 1942

Redesignated 21st Observation Squadron on 4 July 1942

Redesignated 21st Reconnaissance Squadron (Bomber) on 2 April 1943

Redesignated 21st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron on 11 August 1943

Disbanded on 1 May 1944. ^[10]

• Reconstituted on 19 September 1985 and consolidated with the 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron as the 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron on 21 Sep 1985 ^[1]

21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron

• Constituted 5 November 1945 as 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron

Activated 6 December 1945

Inactivated on 1 Apr 1949

Redesignated 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Night-Photographic, 25 June 1952

Activated on 10 July 1952

Redesignated 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Night, Photo-Jet on 1 May 1959

Redesignated 1st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron on 1 October 1966

• Consolidated with the 21st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron on 19 September 1985

Inactivated on 15 Jan 1988

• Redesignated 21st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron and converted to provisional status on 10 August 2007 ^[1]

Activated on 8 October 2007 ^[11]

Inactivated c. 9 September 2008

Assignments

• Air Force Combat Command (later Army Air Forces), 2 Mar 1942
• 75th Observation (later Reconnaissance; Tactical Reconnaissance) Group, 12 March 1942 – 1 May 1944. ^[10]
• 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 14 December 1945 – 1 April 1949 ^[6]
• 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 10 July 1952
• 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing (later 10th Tactical Fighter Wing), 8 December 1957 – 15 January 1988
• United States Air Forces Europe to activate or inactivate anytime after 10 August 2007

401st Air Expeditionary Group, 8 October 2007 ^[11]

100th Operations Group (attached), 9 September 2008 ^[12]

Stations

Langley Field, Virginia, 2 March 1942 Kellogg Field, Michigan, 9 March 1942 Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma, 30 August 1942 William Northern Field, Tennessee, 12 March 1943 Key Field, Mississippi, 19 August 1943 – 1 May 1944 [10] Criel, France, 14 December 1945 Istres-Le Tubé Air Base, France, 13 January 1946 Compiègne, France, 30 March 1946 Fürth Air Base, Germany, 12 September 1946 – ca. 20 June 1947 Langley Field, Virginia, 25 June 1947

Lawson Field, Georgia, 8 September 1947 Pope Field (later Pope Air Force Base), North Carolina, 27 September 1947 – 1 April 1949 Toul Rosieres AB, France, 1 July 1952 Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany, 10 May 1953 RAF Alconbury, England, 26 August 1959 – 15 January 1988 Souda Bay, Greece, 8 October 2007 – c. 9 September 2008

Aircraft

L-4 [4] and evidently 0-47, 1942, 1943 Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1942–1943 North American B-25 Mitchell, 1942–1943 Bell P-39 Airacobra 1942–1943, 1943–1944 Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 1942–1943, 1943–1944 [10] Noorduyn UC-64 Norseman, 1945–1946 Beech C-45 Expeditor, 1945–1946 Douglas C-47 Skytrain, 1945–1946 F-6D/RF-51D Mustang, 1942–1943, 1943–1944, 1946–1947, 1947–1949

Douglas RB-26 Invader, 1952–1954 Martin RB-57 Canberra, 1954–1957 Douglas RB-66C Destroyer, 1957–1966 McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II, 1966–1988

References

Notes

Explanatory notes

1. The Toul operation was designated as Detachment 1, 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing. "Abstract, History 10 Tactical Reconnaissance Wing Jul–Dec 1960". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
2. During the 1970s, the squadron was split between Alconbury and nearby Wethersfield, although it officially remained at Alconbury. "Abstract, History 1 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron Jan–Sep 1970". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 2 June 2013.

Footnotes

1. Robertson, Patsy (16 March 2015). "Factsheet 21 Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
2. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 113
3. Craven & Cate, Vol. VI, Men & Planes, p. xxxvi
4. "Abstract, History 21 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron 1943". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
5. Goss, in Craven & Cate, Vol. VI, Men & Planes, p. 75
6. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 50–52
7. "Abstract, History 1 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron Sep 1946". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
8. "Abstract, History 10 Tactical Reconnaissance Group Oct–Dec 1947". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
9. Robertson, Patsy (28 May 2015). "Factsheet 10 Air Base Wing (USAFA)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
10. Lineage, stations, aircraft, and assignment during World War II are in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 113
11. Research Division, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Air Force Organization Status Change Report, October 2007
12. Research Division, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Air Force Organization Status Change Report, September 2008

Bibliography

 This article incorporates  public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/ .

• Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1955). The Army Air Forces in World War II. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN   48003657.

Goss, William A (1955). "The Organization and its Responsibilities, Chapter 2 The AAF". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN   48003657. OCLC   704158.

• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-405-12194-6. LCCN   70605402. OCLC   72556.