80 Plus (trademarked 80 PLUS) is a voluntary certification program launched in 2004, intended to promote efficient energy use in computer power supply units (PSUs).
Certification is acquirable for products that have more than 80% energy efficiency at 20%, 50% and 100% of rated load, and a power factor of 0.9 or greater at 100% load.
| 80 Plus test type | Icon | 115 V internal non-redundant | 230 V internal redundant | 230 V EU internal non-redundant | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of rated load | 10% | 20% | 50% | 100% | 10% | 20% | 50% | 100% | 10% | 20% | 50% | 100% | |
| 80 Plus |  | 80% | 80% | 80% | 82% | 85% | 82% | ||||||
| 80 Plus Bronze |  | 82% | 85% | 82% | 81% | 85% | 81% | 85% | 88% | 85% | |||
| 80 Plus Silver |  | 85% | 88% | 85% | 85% | 89% | 85% | 87% | 90% | 87% | |||
| 80 Plus Gold |  | 87% | 90% | 87% | 88% | 92% | 88% | 90% | 92% | 89% | |||
| 80 Plus Platinum |  | 90% | 92% | 89% | 90% | 94% | 91% | 92% | 94% | 90% | |||
| 80 Plus Titanium |  | 90% | 92% | 94% | 90% | 90% | 94% | 96% | 91% | 90% | 94% | 96% | 94% |
4 categories for the certification:
For the higher certification levels, the requirement of 0.9 or better power factor was extended to apply to 20% and 50% load levels, as well as at 100% load. The Platinum level requires 0.95 or better power factor for servers. [5]
The Climate Savers Computing Initiative efficiency level targets for workstations for 2007 through 2011, corresponding to the 80 Plus certification levels. From July 2007 through June 2008, the basic 80 Plus level (Energy Star 4.0). For the next year, the target is 80 Plus Bronze level, the following year 80 Plus Silver, then 80 Plus Gold, and finally Platinum.
Redundancy is typically used in data centers.
There have been instances where companies claim or imply that their supplies are 80 Plus when they have not been certified, and in some cases do not meet the requirements. [6] [7] For example, the highest 80 Plus is 80+ Titanium (96% efficiency at 50% load). [8] Some companies will claim they meet this requirement even when they are only close (i.e. 95.xx%) therefore claiming 80+ Titanium. [9] However, this is not the case as one could easily modify the test unit to be more enhanced than production models in order to slightly raise numbers. [10] [ failed verification ]
When a company resells an OEM power supply under a new name, it must be certified under the new name and company, even if the OEM supply is certified. In some instances, a reseller has claimed a higher wattage than the supply can deliver, so the reseller's supply would not meet 80 Plus requirements. [6]
Although some power supply manufacturers name their products with similar names, such as "85 Plus", "90 Plus" and "95 Plus", [11] [12] there is no such official certification or standard.
Plug Load Solutions tests PSUs according to their testing protocol [8] and lists certified PSUs, allowing consumers to verify how many and which models are listed by each company.
The efficiency of a computer power supply is its output power divided by its input power; the remaining input power is converted to heat as expected under conservation of energy. For instance, a 600 W power supply with 60% efficiency running at full load would draw 1000 W from the mains and waste 400 W as heat.
A 600 W power supply with 80% efficiency running at full load would draw 750 W from the mains and waste only 150 W as heat.
For a given power supply, efficiency varies depending on how much power is being delivered. Supplies are typically most efficient at between half and three-quarters load, much less efficient at low load, and somewhat less efficient at maximum load. Older ATX power supplies were typically 60% to 75% efficient. To qualify for 80 Plus, a power supply must achieve at least 80% efficiency at three specified loads (20%, 50% and 100% of maximum rated power). However, 80 Plus supplies may still be less than 80% efficient at lower loads. For instance, an 80 Plus, 520 watt supply could still be 70% or less efficient at 60 watts (a typical idle power for a desktop computer). [13] Thus it is still important to select a supply with capacity appropriate to the device being powered.
It is easier to achieve the higher efficiency levels for higher wattage supplies, so gold and platinum supplies may be less available in consumer-level supplies of reasonable capacity for typical desktop machines.
Typical computer power supplies may have power factors as low as 0.5 to 0.6. [14] The higher power factor reduces the peak current draw, reducing load on the circuit or on an uninterruptible power supply.
Reducing the heat output of the computer helps reduce noise, since fans do not have to spin as fast to cool the computer. Reduced heat and resulting in lower cooling demands may increase computer reliability. [14]
The testing conditions may give an unrealistic expectation of efficiency for heavily loaded, high power (rated much larger than 300 W) supplies. A heavily loaded power supply and the computer it is powering generate significant amounts of heat, which may raise the power supply temperature, which is likely to decrease its efficiency. Since power supplies are certified at room temperature, this effect is not taken into account. [5] [15]
80 Plus does not set efficiency targets for very low load. For instance, generation of standby power may still be relatively inefficient, and may not meet requirements of the One Watt Initiative. Testing of 80 Plus power supplies shows that they vary considerably in standby efficiency. Some power supplies consume half a watt [16] or less in standby with no load, where others consume several times as much at standby, [17] even though they may meet higher 80 Plus certification requirement levels.
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or uninterruptible power source is a type of continual power system that provides automated backup electric power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails. A UPS differs from a traditional auxiliary/emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions by switching to energy stored in battery packs, supercapacitors or flywheels. The on-battery run-times of most UPSs are relatively short but sufficient to "buy time" for initiating a standby power source or properly shutting down the protected equipment. Almost all UPSs also contain integrated surge protection to shield the output appliances from voltage spikes.
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into the load appliances that they power. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices. Other functions that power supplies may perform include limiting the current drawn by the load to safe levels, shutting off the current in the event of an electrical fault, power conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage surges on the input from reaching the load, power-factor correction, and storing energy so it can continue to power the load in the event of a temporary interruption in the source power.
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ATX is a motherboard and power supply configuration specification, patented by David Dent in 1995 at Intel, to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT design. It was the first major change in desktop computer enclosure, motherboard and power supply design in many years, improving standardization and interchangeability of parts. The specification defines the dimensions; the mounting points; the I/O panel; and the power and connector interfaces among a computer case, a motherboard, and a power supply.
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