999th Light Afrika Division

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999th Africa Division
Afrika-Division 999
999. leichte Afrika-Division.png
Emblem of the division
Active6 October 1942
Disbanded15 May 1943
CountryFlag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Nazi Germany
Branch Heer - decal for helmet 1942.svg Heer (Wehrmacht)
Type Penal military unit
Role Bandenbekämpfung
Combined arms
Desert warfare
Forward observer
Raiding
Garrison/HQHeuberg
Engagements World War II

The 999th Light Africa Division (999. leichte Afrika-Division) was a German Army unit formed in Tunisia in early 1943. The basis of the division was the 999th Africa Brigade (999. Afrika-Brigade), formed several months earlier, as a penal military unit. While all members of Nazi punishment units were labeled "criminals", a significant proportion of the brigade's members had been transferred to it for holding, or being perceived to hold, anti-Nazi ideas.

Contents

The division was not fully-formed when Axis forces in North Africa began to collapse. Consequently, the elements of the division that fought in Tunisia generally did so as independent battalions or companies, which suffered high losses (in terms of casualties and captured) before being withdrawn. Fighting mostly against US Army forces, many members of the division reportedly surrendered their positions to the Americans without a fight.

Afterwards, the severely depleted division was sent to Axis-occupied Greece for garrison duties and to conduct " Bandenbekämpfung "; [1] a term which, in Nazi usage, was usually a euphemism for anti-partisan campaigns.

During the deployment to Greece, some members of the division commenced (or recommenced) a range of subversive and/or anti-Nazi activities. The most prominent of these was Falk Harnack, who defected to the Greek resistance and, with other German defectors, formed the Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD). [2] Another notable member of the AKFD was August Landmesser, who reportedly refused to make the Nazi salute during his military service and had been depicted in such a protest, in a famous photograph. [3]

Commanders

Commanders were: [4]

Organization

Order of battle of Afrika-Brigade 999 [4]

Order of battle of 999 Afrika Division [4]

See also

Stolperstein for Hans Klapper, a victim from the "Strafdivision 999" Stolperstein Duisburg 300 Obermeiderich Wasgaustrasse 42a Hans Klapper.jpg
Stolperstein for Hans Klapper, a victim from the "Strafdivision 999"


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References

  1. ↑ Mark Mazower (1993). Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941-44. Yale University Press. p. 200. ISBN   978-0-300-06552-7.
  2. ↑ Gottfried Hamacher, Andre Lohmar, Herbert Mayer and Günter Wehner, Gegen Hitler: Deutsche in der Resistance, in den Streitkräften der Antihitlerkoalition und der Bewegung "Freies Deutschland" Dietz, Berlin (March 2005), p. 76. ISBN   3-320-02941-X (in German)
  3. ↑ Bartrop, Paul R. (2016). Resisting the Holocaust: Upstanders, Partisans, and Survivors. ABC-CLIO. p. 152. ISBN   9781610698795.
  4. 1 2 3 George F. Nafziger – The Afrika Korps: An organizational history 1941–1943
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