AT 2024tvd

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AT 2024tvd is a tidal disruption event (TDE) discovered in August 2024, notable as the first optically selected TDE occurring outside the nucleus of its host galaxy, approximately 0.8 kiloparsecs (about 2,600 light-years) from the galactic center. This offset position suggests the involvement of a wandering or recoiling supermassive black hole (SMBH), potentially resulting from a minor galaxy merger. The event is located in the constellation Hercules at a redshift of z = 0.044938, corresponding to a comoving distance of roughly 600 million light-years. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Hubble Space Telescope image of AT 2024tvd Hubble observes new tidal disruption event (January 2025 image) (opo2515).tiff
Hubble Space Telescope image of AT 2024tvd

Discovery and Characteristic

AT 2024tvd was discovered on August 25, 2024, by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) at Palomar Observatory. Initial optical spectra showed broad hydrogen and helium emission lines characteristic of TDEs, with no evidence of active galactic nucleus activity. [5]

Follow-up observations, including those from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Keck Observatory, confirmed its off-nuclear location and classified it as a TDE around an intermediate-mass black hole. [6]

The radio emission is particularly remarkable, showing double-peaked light curves with rapid rise and decay, the fastest evolution recorded for any TDE. Observations were conducted with the Very Large Array (VLA), ALMA, and other radio telescopes. [7] [8]

References

  1. ↑ Hensley, Kerry (2025-10-15). "Investigation of the First Radio-Bright Off-Nuclear Tidal Disruption Event". AAS Nova. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
  2. ↑ "Black Hole TDE AT2024tvd - NASA Science". 2025-05-08. Retrieved 2025-11-15.
  3. ↑ Yao, Yuhan; Chornock, Ryan; Ward, Charlotte; Hammerstein, Erica; Sfaradi, Itai; Margutti, Raffaella; Luke Zoltan Kelley; Lu, Wenbin; Liu, Chang; Wise, Jacob; Sollerman, Jesper; Alexander, Kate D.; Bellm, Eric C.; Drake, Andrew J.; Fremling, Christoffer; Gilfanov, Marat; Graham, Matthew J.; Groom, Steven L.; Hinds, K. R.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Miller, Adam A.; Miller-Jones, James C. A.; Nicholl, Matt; Perley, Daniel A.; Purdum, Josiah; Ravi, Vikram; Michael Rich, R.; Rehemtulla, Nabeel; Riddle, Reed; Smith, Roger (2025). "A Massive Black Hole 0.8 KPC from the Host Nucleus Revealed by the Offset Tidal Disruption Event AT2024tvd". The Astrophysical Journal. 985 (2): L48. arXiv: 2502.17661 . Bibcode:2025ApJ...985L..48Y. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/add7de .
  4. ↑ "Astronomers Discover Fastest-Evolving Radio Signals Ever Observed from Black Hole Tearing Apart Star | AUI". aui.edu. 2025-10-15. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
  5. ↑ "2024tvd | Transient Name Server". www.wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2025-11-15.
  6. ↑ Patra, Kishore C.; Foley, Ryan J.; Earl, Nicholas; Davis, Kyle W.; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Villar, V. Ashley; Gomez, Sebastian; French, K. Decker; Taggart, Kirsty (2025-10-14), JWST and Keck Observations of the Off-Nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd: A Massive Nuclear Star Cluster and Minor-Merger Origin for its Black Hole, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.12572, arXiv:2510.12572, retrieved 2025-12-09
  7. ↑ Sfaradi, Itai; Margutti, Raffaella; Chornock, Ryan; Alexander, Kate D.; Metzger, Brian D.; Beniamini, Paz; Duran, Rodolfo Barniol; Yao, Yuhan; Horesh, Assaf (2025-08-05), The First Radio-Bright Off-Nuclear TDE 2024tvd Reveals the Fastest-Evolving Double-Peaked Radio Emission, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2508.03807, arXiv:2508.03807, retrieved 2025-12-09
  8. ↑ published, Keith Cooper (2025-10-16). "Rule-breaking black hole destroys star in puzzling way: 'This is truly extraordinary'". Space. Retrieved 2025-12-09.
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