Abhira era

Last updated

The Abhira era (later known as the Kalachuri or Chedi era) [1] was a Hindu system of year numbering started by the Abhira King Ishwarsena [2] in which the year numbering started at some time from 248-250 CE. [2] [3]

Contents

Origin

The German scholar F. Kielhorn suggested that the system began in September 248, the year that began with the month of Asvina. [4] [5] It was first used in Gujarat and Maharashtra (particularly Northern Maharashtra [6] ), from where it spread to Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh where it was used until the 13th century CE. [3] Some sources cite an Early Kalachuri era founded in Mahismati through its ruler Maharaja Subandhu who could be an ancestor to the Kalachuris. [7] [ clarification needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakkundi</span> Village in Karnataka, India

Lakkundi, also referred to as Lokkugundi, was a major city prior to the 14th century, and is now a village in Gadag District of Karnataka, India. By 10th century, it was already a major economic and commerce center with mint operations for South India, one mentioned in Kannada and Sanskrit inscriptions and texts. By 12th century, many Hindu and Jain temples had been consecrated here, along with public infrastructure such as stepwells and water reservoirs. Among the major temples are the Brahma Jinalaya (oldest), Mallikarjuna, Lakshminarayana, Manikeshwara, Naganatha, Kumbheshvara, Nanneshwara, Someshwara, Narayana, Nilakanteshwara, Kasivisesvara, Virabhadhara, Virupaksha, and others. As its importance and wealth grew, Lakkundi became one of the capitals of the Hoysala Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dakshina Kosala</span> Historical region of central India

Dakshina Kosala is a historical region of central India. It was located in what is now Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh along with parts of Western Odisha. At its greatest extent, it may have also included a part of the Vidarbha region in present-day Maharashtra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalachuris of Kalyani</span>

The Kalachuris of Kalyani, also Southern Kalachuris, were a 12th-century Indian dynasty, who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. This dynasty rose to power in the Deccan region between 1156 and 1181 CE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Traikutaka dynasty</span> Former dynasty of India

The Traikutakas were a dynasty of Indian kings who ruled between 388 and 456. The name "Traikutakas" seems to be derived from the words for a three-peaked mountain ("Tri-kuta"). The Traikutakas are mentioned in Kalidasa's Raghuvamsa, in which they are located in the area of northern Konkan. The dominions of the Traikutakas further included Aparanta and northern Maharashtra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Andhra Pradesh</span>

The recorded history of Andhra Pradesh, one of the 28 states of 21st-century India, begins in the Vedic period. It is mentioned in Sanskrit epics such as the Aitareya Brahmana. Its sixth-century BCE incarnation Assaka lay between the Godavari and Krishna Rivers, one of sixteen mahajanapadas. The Satavahanas succeeded them, built Amaravati, and reached a zenith under Gautamiputra Satakarni.

The Ancient history of Mumbai recounts the history of Mumbai from 300 BCE to 1348 CE.

Nashik is a historically, mythologically, socially and culturally important city in the northern part of the state of Maharashtra in India. It is known for the temples on the banks of the Godavari and it has historically been one of the holy sites of the Hindu religion. It is one of the four cities that hosts the massive Sinhastha Kumbh Mela once every twelve years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ishwarsena</span> Rajan

Ishwarsena was the founder of the Abhira dynasty and he started an era which later became known as the Kalchuri-Chedi era. He and his descendants whose names do not occur in the Puranas seem to have ruled over a large territory comprising Gujarat, Konkan and Western Maharashtra. His descendants ruled for nine generations.

The Abhira people were a legendary people mentioned in ancient Indian epics and scriptures as early as the Vedas. A historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Mahabharata describes them as living near the seashore and on the bank of the Sarasvati River, near Somnath in Gujarat and in the Matsya region also.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalachuris of Tripuri</span> Former dynasty of India

The Kalachuris of Tripuri, also known the Kalachuris of Chedi, ruled parts of central India during 7th to 13th centuries. They are also known as the Later Kalachuris to distinguish them from their earlier namesakes, especially the Kalachuris of Mahishmati. Their core territory included the historical Chedi region, and their capital was located at Tripuri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalachuris of Ratnapura</span> Central Indian dynasty

The Kalachuris of Ratnapura were a central Indian dynasty during 11th and 12th centuries. They ruled parts of present-day Chhattisgarh from their capital at Ratnapura. They were an offshoot of the Kalachuris of Tripuri, and ruled as vassals of the parent dynasty for many years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalachuri dynasty</span> Former dynasty of India

The Kalachuris, also known as Kalachuris of Mahishmati, were an Indian dynasty that ruled in west-central India between 6th and 7th centuries. They are also known as the Early Kalachuris to distinguish them from their later namesakes, especially the Kalachuris of Tripuri. Their territory included parts of present-day Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. Their capital was located at Mahishmati. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the earliest of the Ellora and Elephanta cave monuments were built during the Kalachuri rule.

The Maharajas of Valkha were part of a central Indian dynasty that ruled the historical Valkha region. They are known from several inscriptions dated to the years 38-134 of an unspecified calendar era. Based on the identification of this era with the Gupta era, they are believed to have ruled during 4th and 5th centuries CE. These rulers of Valkha were probably vassals of the Gupta emperors.

The Uchchhakalpa dynasty ruled parts of central India during 5th and 6th centuries. Their territory included north-eastern parts of present-day Madhya Pradesh. Their capital was located at Uchchhakalpa, the present-day Unchehara.

Shankaragana III was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He defeated a weak Gurjara-Pratihara ruler, and seems to have died in a battle against the Chandelas.

Vijayasimha was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sridharavarman</span> Saka General, Great Satrap and King

Sridharavarman was a Saka (Indo-Scythian) ruler of Central India, around the areas of Vidisa, Sanchi and Eran in the 4th century CE, just before the Gupta Empire expansion in these areas. He calls himself a general and "righteous conqueror" in an inscription, and Rajan ('King') and Mahaksatrapa in a probably later inscription at Eran, suggesting that he may have been a high-ranked officer who later rose to the rank of a King.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abhira dynasty</span> Third-century empire in India

The Abhira dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the western Deccan, where it perhaps succeeded the Satavahana dynasty. From 203 CE to roughly 270 or 370, this dynasty formed a vast kingdom. The Abhira era was started by Ishwarsena in AD 249, and is referred to as the Abhira-Traikutika era. This era was later continued by the Kalachuri Dynasty, who called it the Kalachuri era, and later the Kalachuri-Chedi era. After the rule of five traikuta kings, the dynasty retired to the central provinces and assumed the name Haihaya (Chedi) and Kalachuri. Historians refer to this entire era as Abhira-Traikutika-Kalachuri-Chedi era. In the Ramayana and Mahabharata, the Abhiras in the West are spoken of; and in the Puranic Geographie, the country on the western coast of India, from the Tapti to Devagarh, is called Abhira or the region of cowherds. It seems probable that they were connected with the Yadavas who were in power in the eighth century, and again appear as the rulers of Devagiri or Daulatabad in the 12th and 13th century.

Kokalla I was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh. He appears to have been the first powerful ruler of the dynasty. He consolidated his kingdom and maintained matrimonial relations with the Rashtrakuta empire, and Chandela dynasty.

The Kalachuris of Sarayupara were a medieval Indian dynasty who ruled along the banks of the Sarayu river in present-day Uttar Pradesh. Their domain consisted of the present-day Bahraich and Gonda districts.

References

  1. Archaeology, India Dept of (1959). Indian Archaeology: A Review. Department of Archaeology. p. 42.
  2. 1 2 Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1974). Some Early dynasties of South India. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 100. ISBN   81-208-2941-7.
  3. 1 2 The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1974. pp. v. 4 p. 574. ISBN   0-85229-290-2.
  4. Morgan, E. Delmar (1893). Transactions of the Ninth Oriental Congress of Orientalists, Vol. I. p. 429.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. Indian Antiquary, Volume XIX. Bombay: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. 1890. p. 228.
  6. Agnihotri, V.K. (2010). Indian History, Twenty-Sixth Edition. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. pp. xviii. ISBN   978-81-8424-568-4.
  7. Spink, Walter (2017). Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 7 Bagh, Dandin, Cells and Cell Doorways. Leiden: BRILL. p. 12. ISBN   978-90-04-31968-4.