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Feminist literary criticism is literary criticism informed by feminist theory,or more broadly,by the politics of feminism. It uses the principles and ideology of feminism to critique the language of literature. This school of thought seeks to analyze and describe the ways in which literature portrays the narrative of male domination by exploring the economic,social,political,and psychological forces embedded within literature. This way of thinking and criticizing works can be said to have changed the way literary texts are viewed and studied,as well as changing and expanding the canon of what is commonly taught. It is used a lot in Greek myths.
Donna J. Haraway is an American professor emerita in the history of consciousness and feminist studies departments at the University of California,Santa Cruz,and a prominent scholar in the field of science and technology studies. She has also contributed to the intersection of information technology and feminist theory,and is a leading scholar in contemporary ecofeminism. Her work criticizes anthropocentrism,emphasizes the self-organizing powers of nonhuman processes,and explores dissonant relations between those processes and cultural practices,rethinking sources of ethics.
Luce Irigaray is a Belgian-born French feminist,philosopher,linguist,psycholinguist,psychoanalyst,and cultural theorist who examines the uses and misuses of language in relation to women. Irigaray's first and most well known book,published in 1974,was Speculum of the Other Woman (1974),which analyzes the texts of Freud,Hegel,Plato,Aristotle,Descartes,and Kant through the lens of phallocentrism. Irigaray is the author of works analyzing many thinkers,including This Sex Which Is Not One (1977),which discusses Lacan's work as well as political economy;Elemental Passions (1982) can be read as a response to Merleau‐Ponty's article “The Intertwining—The Chiasm”in The Visible and the Invisible,and in The Forgetting of Air in Martin Heidegger (1999),Irigaray critiques Heidegger's emphasis on the element of earth as the ground of life and speech and his "oblivion" or forgetting of air.
Écriture féminine,or "women's writing",is a term coined by French feminist and literary theorist Hélène Cixous in her 1975 essay "The Laugh of the Medusa". Cixous aimed to establish a genre of literary writing that deviates from traditional masculine styles of writing,one which examines the relationship between the cultural and psychological inscription of the female body and female difference in language and text. This strand of feminist literary theory originated in France in the early 1970s through the works of Cixous and other theorists including Luce Irigaray,Chantal Chawaf,Catherine Clément and Julia Kristeva,and has subsequently been expanded upon by writers such as psychoanalytic theorist Bracha Ettinger. who emerged in this field in the early 1990s,
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical,fictional,or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles,experiences,interests,chores,and feminist politics in a variety of fields,such as anthropology and sociology,communication,media studies,psychoanalysis,political theory,home economics,literature,education,and philosophy.
Postmodern feminism is a mix of postmodernism and French feminism that rejects a universal female subject. The goal of postmodern feminism is to destabilize the patriarchal norms entrenched in society that have led to gender inequality. Postmodern feminists seek to accomplish this goal through opposing essentialism,philosophy,and universal truths in favor of embracing the differences that exist amongst women in order to demonstrate that not all women are the same. These ideologies are rejected by postmodern feminists because they believe if a universal truth is applied to all women of society,it minimizes individual experience,hence they warn women to be aware of ideas displayed as the norm in society since it may stem from masculine notions of how women should be portrayed.
Nancy Fraser is an American philosopher,critical theorist,feminist,and the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science and professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City. Widely known for her critique of identity politics and her philosophical work on the concept of justice,Fraser is also a staunch critic of contemporary liberal feminism and its abandonment of social justice issues. Fraser holds honorary doctoral degrees from four universities in three countries,and won the 2010 Alfred Schutz Prize in Social Philosophy from the American Philosophical Association. She was President of the American Philosophical Association Eastern Division for the 2017–2018 term.
Rosi Braidotti is a contemporary philosopher and feminist theoretician. Born in Italy,she studied in Australia and France and works in the Netherlands. Braidotti is currently Distinguished University Professor Emerita at Utrecht University,where she has taught since 1988,and Honorary Professor at RMIT University in Australia. She was professor and the founding director of Utrecht University's women's studies programme (1988–2005) and founding director of the Centre for the Humanities (2007–2016). She has been awarded honorary degrees from Helsinki (2007) and Linkoping (2013);she is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities (FAHA) since 2009,and a Member of the Academia Europaea (MAE) since 2014. Her main publications include Nomadic Subjects (2011) and Nomadic Theory (2011),both with Columbia University Press,The Posthuman (2013),Posthuman Knowledge (2019),and Posthuman Feminism (2022) with Polity Press. In 2016,she co-edited Conflicting Humanities with Paul Gilroy,and The Posthuman Glossary in 2018 with Maria Hlavajova,both with Bloomsbury Academic.
Elizabeth A. Grosz is an Australian philosopher,feminist theorist,and professor working in the U.S. She is Jean Fox O'Barr Women's Studies Distinguished Professor Emerita at Duke University in Durham,North Carolina,U.S.
Oksana Stefanivna Zabuzhko is a Ukrainian novelist,poet,and essayist. Her works have been translated into several languages.
Feminists have long struggled with Sigmund Freud's classical model of gender and identity development,which centers on the Oedipus complex. Freud's model,which became integral to orthodox psychoanalysis,suggests that because women lack the visible genitals of the male,they feel they are "missing" the most central characteristic necessary for gaining narcissistic value—therefore developing feelings of gender inequality and penis envy. In his late theory on the feminine,Freud recognized the early and long lasting libidinal attachment of the daughter to the mother during the pre-oedipal stages. Feminist psychoanalysts have confronted these ideas and reached different conclusions. Some generally agree with Freud's major outlines,modifying it through observations of the pre-Oedipal phase. Others reformulate Freud's theories more completely.
Tina Beattie is a British Christian theologian,writer and broadcaster.
Naomi Schor was an American literary critic and theorist. A pioneer of feminist theory for her generation,she is regarded as one of the foremost scholars of French literature and critical theory of her time. Naomi's younger sister is the artist and writer Mira Schor.
Ewa Plonowska Ziarek is the Julian Park Professor of Comparative Literature at The State University of New York at Buffalo. She has a major interest in engaging with other scholars on their own terms,and believes that a model of dissensus in philosophy,rather than the traditional consensus model,may produce highly valuable results.
Penelope Deutscher is a professor of philosophy at Northwestern University whose work focuses on French philosophy from the 20th and 21st centuries and gender theory. She has written four books dealing with subjects ranging from gender and feminism to the works of Jacques Derrida,Luce Irigaray,and Simone de Beauvoir. In 2002–2003,Deutscher also served as the Lane Professor for the Humanities at the Alice Berline Kaplan Center for the Humanities at Northwestern University.
Alison Stone is a British philosopher. She is a Professor of European Philosophy in the Department of Politics,Philosophy and Religion at Lancaster University,UK.
Multiracial feminist theory refers to scholarship written by women of color (WOC) that became prominent during the second-wave feminist movement. This body of scholarship "does not offer a singular or unified feminism but a body of knowledge situating women and men in multiple systems of domination."
Erika Bachiochi is an American legal scholar and fellow of the Ethics and Public Policy Center. She currently serves as the director of the Wollstonecraft Project at the Abigail Adams Institute,where she is a senior fellow. Bachiochi is a Catholic feminist who identifies as pro-life. She is the author of The Rights of Women:Reclaiming a Lost Vision,has edited Women,Sex &the Church:A Case for Catholic Teaching and The Cost of Choice:Women Evaluate the Impact of Abortion.
Sister Mary Prudence Allen is an American philosopher who converted to Catholicism and joined the Religious Sisters of Mercy. In 2014 she was appointed to the International Theological Commission for a five-year term by Pope Francis. Her areas of specialization include the history of philosophy,philosophical anthropology,philosophy of woman,existentialism,and personalism. Areas of competence include metaphysics,philosophy of God,epistemology and logic.
Maggie Humm is an English feminist academic and emeritus professor of cultural studies at the University of East London. She has written on feminism and modernism,particularly the work of Virginia Woolf.
References
- ↑ Schneible, Ann (2023-09-11). "A Profile of Abigail Favale: Feminism, Gender and an Unlikely Conversion". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ↑ "Abigail Favale, Ph.D." University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ↑ "Annual Book Prize". Feminist Studies Association. 2015-01-31.
- ↑ Maurits, Emily J. "The Genesis of Gender: A Christian Theory". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ↑ Weddle, Kendra (2019-01-24). "Into the Deep: An Unlikely Catholic Conversion". Christian Feminism Today. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
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