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Absolute Time in Pregroove (ATIP) is a method of storing information on an optical medium, used on CD-R and CD-RW. ATIP information is only readable on CD-R and CD-RW drives, as read-only drives do not need the information stored on it. The information indicates if the disk is writable and information needed to correctly write to the disk.
ATIP is used as a method of putting data on an optical medium, specifically:
These features are rather important to the function as it lets the drive know if it is writable. If the disc is re-writable, and the ATIP is damaged, it will not be able to write more than once. Also, it lets the drive know what the maximum write speed available for the disc is, and how much space (in blocks) the disc holds.
Every writable disc has at least four layers:
The polycarbonate layer has a spiral pre-groove that is formed when the disc substrate is injection molded against a stamper. The read/write laser in the drive will follow this pre-groove track as it is writing, in order to maintain the spacing between the written tracks with a high degree of accuracy. This spiral has a wobble frequency introduced into it, which the drive can read while it is writing. The drive will synchronize the rotation speed to the reference speed of the wobble signal, allowing it to maintain an accurate linear velocity (the speed of the track as it passes the laser). This wobble is further modulated with a timecode reference signal allowing the drive to approximately locate specific blocks of data on the disc. This modulated signal is known as ATIP.
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CD-RW is a digital optical disc storage format introduced in 1997. A CD-RW compact disc (CD-RWs) can be written, read, erased, and re-written.
As of 2021, multiple consumer-oriented, optical-disk media formats are or were available:
The preservation of optical media is essential because it is a resource in libraries, and stores audio, video, and computer data. While optical discs are generally more reliable and durable than older media types, environmental conditions and/or poor handling can result in lost information.
A CD-ROM is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains data computers can read, but not write or erase. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player, while data is only usable on a computer.
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