Abu Loza's Bath

Abu Loza's Bath
Abu Loza's Bath
	An exterior view of the old Abu Loza's bath, with palm forests surrounding it. The date of the photograph is unknown.
General information
Type	Hammam
Location	Qatif, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Country	Saudi Arabia
Coordinates	49°59′24″N36°33′26″E / 49.99000°N 36.55722°E

Last updated September 30, 2024

Abu Loza's Bath is an ancient bathhouse featuring mineral sulfur water,^[1]^[2] located in the village of Al-Bahari within the Qatif Governorate of Eastern Saudi Arabia. The bath was constructed in proximity to the Eye of Abu Loza, which historically served as a treatment site for skin diseases and joint pain.

The bathhouse was primarily frequented by the Pearl hunting and residents of Qatif Castle, many of whom were merchants and influential figures in the region.^[3]^[4] Currently, Abu Loza's Bath is managed by the Saudi Ministry of Tourism, which has enclosed the site with a wire fence and assigned a local volunteer for its maintenance. Despite these efforts, the structure faces several challenges, including the risk of cracking, debris accumulation, and a decline in the water supply, which could lead to its closure to visitors and tourists.

Notably, the spring associated with Abu Loza experienced a complete drying up in the 1980s, which occurred later than similar springs in the governorate. Prior to this decline, the water level in Ain Bath reached heights of up to three meters.^[4]^[3]

Etymology

Abu Loza's Bath was historically known as Bath Ain Abu Lozah.^[5] Over time, the name evolved into its current form, attributed to the dome's resemblance to the shape of a halved almond.^[3]^[4]

Al Ain was named after the Terminalia catappa, a species that was once commonly found in the farms throughout the Qatif region.^[3]^[4]

Geography

Abu Loza's Bath is situated amidst farms and orchards in Seyhat al-Bahari, west of the village of Al-Khabaka, near the palm groves and agricultural lands of the town of Al-Qadih. It is located along the main road leading to Al-Awamiyah and Safwa, on the outskirts of the former metropolis of Qatif, northwest of the city^[6]

The bath is supplied with water from Ain Abu Loza, one of many springs in the area. Other nearby springs include Ain al-Bishra and Ain al-Rawasiya to the north and northwest, Ain al-Qatiniya and Ain Qasari to the south and southwest, and Ain al-Khabaqa to the southeast.

To the west of the men's bath stands a mosque, while to the east of the women's bath lies a stable for horses and donkeys, which were used to transport visitors from nearby villages and the metropolis of Qatif.^[4]

History

Various photographs of Abu Loza Bathhouse from the past depict the site surrounded by dense palm forests on all sides. These images date back to periods between the 1960s and 1980s, showcasing the lush agricultural landscape that once flourished around the bathhouse.

The construction of Abu Loza's Bath is believed to date back to the 3rd and 4th centuries AH, possibly during the reign of the Qarmatians, or to the 5th and 6th centuries AH during the Uyunid Emirate period.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[6] The bathhouse underwent renovations during the Ottoman era, with the addition of several new facilities. Further restoration and expansion were carried out in 1281 AH (1864–1865 AD) by Ahmad Mahdi Al Nasrallah, the governor of Qatif appointed by Imam Faisal bin Turki during the Second Saudi State.^[7]^[8]

Design

The water source of the bathhouse, as observed in July 2017, features steps along the edges of the spring. These steps were historically used for sitting and leaning by those utilizing the bath.
The men's toilet room, as seen in July 2017, served as a space for relaxation, massage, and conversation.
The bathhouse features architectural projections and protrusions designed to hold various items. These built-in elements were likely used to store or place personal belongings, bathing supplies, or other objects during the use of the facility.
The dome of the bathhouse is equipped with ventilation and lighting vents located at its apex.
A crack in one of the walls of Abu Loza's Bath reveals a portion of its internal structure, showcasing the materials used in its construction. This includes plaster, stones, and palm trunks

The bathhouse is situated over a Sulfur water underground spring that descends to a depth of 22 meters. The underground springs in the Qatif Governorate are characterized by a relatively deep pit, with a deeper pit, known as a tanur, located at its center. This structure continues to contain increasingly deeper pits, extending down to the source from which the water emerges.^[3] This method of spring construction was historically recognized in the Persian Gulf region and is believed to have been utilized by the Canaanite tribes that settled in the eastern Arabian Peninsula. Most of the springs in Qatif were excavated using similar techniques, indicating reliance on manual labor and rudimentary methods of construction.^[3]^[9]

The bath is rectangular in shape, with dimensions of approximately 5 x 6 metres. The walls are between 3 and 5 metres high and 40 to 60 centimetres thick. The gate is in the form of a semicircular necklace. The dome ranges from 2 to 4 metres in diameter and 1 to 2 metres in height. The Bath has separate male and female sections, constructed in accordance with Qatifi architectural standards and composed of stone, Clay, Gypsum, and palm trunks. It underwent a restoration and renovation during the Ottoman era, incorporating elements of Turkish baths that were prevalent during the Ottoman rule in the Levant and Iraq.^[3]^[6]^[10]

The bathhouse features a rectangular room situated adjacent to the eye spring. This room contains square-shaped niches, locally known as rozna, which were used for placing luggage and clothing. Along the length of the room, seating areas called dakat or daqqaq provide space for visitors to sit and rest, particularly during peak times at the bath. These areas are also utilized for enjoying tea and coffee while engaging in conversation, as well as for massages after bathing.

Above the main spring is a semicircular dome designed in the Turkish style, featuring openings for steam ventilation and natural sunlight. Inside the spring room, terraces known as jaluf serve as designated areas for resting while swimming. The cleaning area is referred to as tanweer. Additionally, there is a dedicated section for women located to the north of the hammam, characterized by a ceiling fully covered with palm trunks.

Furthermore, the property boasts a bathroom with a rectangular swimming pool, accessed via a canal directly from the source of the eye and surrounded by an upper terrace for seating.^[11]^[12]^[13]

The women's bathing building to which the spring water from Ain Abu Luzah used to branch off.
The former hammam spring room, the men's bathing room.
The exterior of the bathroom as seen in July 2017.

The Dome

The spring room is crowned by a dome shaped like a pointed semicircle, evoking the form of an almond in its external appearance. This dome is constructed in the style characteristic of Turkish mosques and utilizes the muqarnas system. The design of domes during the Islamic periods typically involves transitioning from a square base to a circular surface, upon which the dome is seated. This technique serves to distribute weight and structural stress to each corner of the square chamber, while also creating an aesthetically pleasing shape. At the apex of the dome, circular openings facilitate air ventilation and sunlight entry, while also helping to reduce the density of the steam emanating from the spring.

It's name and the shape of its dome from the fruit of the almond cane tree, as it has a dome shaped like half an almond.

Bathroom Extensions

The spring chamber is fitted with a drainage channel that was historically used to irrigate the adjacent fields. To the east of the women's bath, a stable for horses and donkeys was constructed to assist in the transportation of visitors from distant villages. Adjacent to the stable, a rectangular building was erected along the outer edge, housing small shops that offered personal care services, including the use of nora (a traditional method for hair removal) and shaving. To the west of the men's bath, a small mosque was built in close proximity to the bathhouse, providing a space for prayer for the visitors.^[4]^[5]^[7]

Social Customs and Beliefs

Ain Abu Loza was historically a destination for individuals seeking treatment from its therapeutic waters, renowned for alleviating various skin diseases, joint pains, and back ailments. The spring's warm mineral water and the gases it emitted contributed to its popularity as a natural remedy. In response to this demand, locals constructed the Abu Luzah Bathhouse, along with the Tarut Bathhouse and Ain Badi Bathhouse in Al-Awjam. Ain Abu Loza served as a medicinal spring, with its mineral-rich waters utilized for health treatments. During the winter season, pearl fishermen would often halt their fishing activities to visit the Abu Luzah bath for cleansing and relaxation.^[12]

Improvements and restoration

In addition to the restoration and improvement efforts undertaken during the Ottoman and Second Saudi Empires, Abu Loza's Bath underwent further restoration in the 1980s,^[14] facilitated by the Mudar Charitable Society. The General Authority for Tourism and National Heritage has declined multiple proposals for funding restoration work, prioritizing the preservation of the heritage landmark by avoiding the use of materials that could jeopardize its historical integrity.^[13]

Restoration of the Abu Loza's Bath 1980

The municipality of Qatif, in collaboration with the Mudhar Charitable Society, undertook efforts to revitalize Abu Loza's Bath. This initiative included addressing structural issues, such as repairing cracks, and involved the use of cement in restoring the dome and various walls. The floors were tiled with ground bricks as part of the renovation.^[13]

However, the restoration process introduced elements that were not in harmony with the bath's original character, raising concerns among preservationists. The lack of oversight by archaeological specialists, including the collapse of ceilings and the installation of iron skewers in the bath's corridors, which further compromised the integrity of this historic site.^[14]

Improvements and development plans

In April 18, 2013, more than 70 local volunteers coordinated with the General Authority for Tourism and Antiquities (now known as the General Authority for Tourism and National Heritage) to conduct a clean-up operation at Abu Luza Bath. This initiative, organized by the Qatif Al Ghad group, followed significant damage caused by a severe storm, during which debris was cleared from the site. The clean-up effort was conducted under the slogan "With Our Arms, We Revive Our Nation's Heritage," and was part of broader local volunteer campaigns aimed at preserving the cultural heritage of the Qatif Governorate.^[15]
In April 2013, a documentary focusing on Abu Loza's Bath was released, highlighting the efforts of a youth campaign initiated by the Green Bay Society for the Environment and Protection of Ancient Water Fountains. The Ruya Group produced the documentary titled "Abu Luzah Hammam: Who Washes Away Its Pain?" The three-minute film showcases the extensive cracks and fissures that have affected the walls and fences of the bathhouse, raising awareness about its deteriorating condition and the need for preservation efforts.^[16]
In May 2013, Abdul Hamid Al-Hashash, the Director of the Dammam Museum of the General Authority for Tourism and National Heritage, announced the existence of a restoration plan for several archaeological sites in the Eastern Province, including Hammam Abu Luza and various other springs located throughout Qatif. These sites were identified as part of the Authority's upcoming projects, reflecting a commitment to preserving and revitalizing the region's cultural heritage.^[13]
In July 2014, an anthropomorphic rendering of Abu Luzah Bath was unveiled, aimed at showcasing the heritage of the site to the community. Engineer Saleh Abdullah Abu Aziz, the head of the festival, emphasized that the model serves as an effort to highlight and promote the cultural significance of the bathhouse among local residents.^[17]
In August 2015, Abu Loza's Bath was submitted for approval in the 2016 budget.^[18]
In September 2015, Qatif Municipality submitted a proposal to develop and restore Abu Luzah Hammam, along with several other heritage sites in the region. This initiative reflects the municipality's commitment to preserving the cultural heritage and historical significance of these locations.^[4]
In December 2020, Qatif Municipality illuminated the perimeter of Abu Luzah Bath as part of efforts to prepare the site for transformation into a tourist attraction.^[19]

Gallery

Al-Abbas Mosque next to the Abu Loza's Bath.
The dome of the Abu Loza's Bath, showing cracks and fissures.
The closed entrance to Abu Loza's Bath.
Ventilation and lighting vents as seen from the upper bath ceiling.
The entrance to Abu Loza's bath.
Recliners and balances inside the bath.
One of the bath's annexes next to a signboard whose writing has faded.
A signboard erected in the 1980s, the writing and markings have faded.
Illustrative panel
prevalence of cracks on Abu Loza's Bath's walls.

Related Research Articles

Al Ain is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city, and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.

A hammam, also inaccurately called a Turkish bath by Westerners, is a type of steam bath or a place of public bathing associated with the Islamic world. It is a prominent feature in the culture of the Muslim world and was inherited from the model of the Roman thermae. Muslim bathhouses or hammams were historically found across the Middle East, North Africa, al-Andalus, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and in Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule.

Jazan Province, also spelled Jizan is the second smallest province of Saudi Arabia. It stretches 300 km (190 mi) along the southern Red Sea coast, just north of Yemen. It covers an area of 13,457 km² and had a population of 1,404,997 at the 2022 census. The region has the highest population density in the Kingdom. The capital is the city of Jazan; Prince Muhammad bin Nasser has been the Governor since April 2001.

Al Ahsa also known as Hajar is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after the Al-Ahsa Oasis. In Classical Arabic, 'Ahsa' means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with world-renowned date palms and, according to one author, the oases of Al-Hasa and Al Ain are the most important in the Arabian Peninsula. The oasis is located about 60 mi (97 km) inland from the Arabian Gulf. All urban areas are located in the traditional oasis of Al-Hasa. In addition to the oasis, the county also includes the giant Empty Quarter desert, making it the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia in terms of area. The Empty Quarter has the world's largest oil fields, and connects Saudi Arabia to Qatar, the UAE, and Oman. The Governorate's population is over 1,100,000. In the past, Al-Ahsa belonged to the historical region known as Bahrain, along with Qatif and the present-day Bahrain islands.

Qatif or Al-Qatif is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It extends from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south, and from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west. This region has its own municipality and includes the Qatif downtown, Safwa, Saihat, Tarout Island, and many other smaller cities and towns.

Qusayr 'Amra or Quseir Amra, sometimes also named Qasr Amra, is the best-known of the desert castles located in present-day eastern Jordan. It was built some time between 723 and 743, by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad caliph Walid II, whose dominance of the region was rising at the time. It is considered one of the most important examples of early Islamic art and architecture.

Al-Ahsa Oasis, also known as al-Ḥasāʾ (الْحَسَاء) or Hajar (هَجَر), is an oasis and historical region in eastern Saudi Arabia. Al-Ahsa Governorate, which makes up much of the country's Eastern Province, is named after it. The oasis is located about 60 km (37 mi) inland from the coast of the Persian Gulf. Al-Ahsa Oasis comprises four main cities and 22 villages. The cities include Al-Mubarraz and Al-Hofuf, two of the largest cities in Saudi Arabia.

Hamam al-Sammara was a hammam in the Zeitoun Quarter of the Old City of Gaza. It was situated 3 meters (9.8 ft) below street level. It was owned by Salim Abdullah al-Wazeer. The bathhouse was destroyed by airstrike from Israeli forces in December 2023; at the time it was the only active hammam in Gaza.

Hammam al-Sarah is an Umayyad bathhouse (hammam) in Jordan, built in connection with the complex of Qasr al-Hallabat, which stands some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the west. Along with examples in the other desert castles of Jordan, it is one of the oldest surviving remains of a Muslim bathhouse.

Al-Awamiyah, also spelled Awamia, is a town situated in the Al-Qatif region in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. As of 2009, it has a population of about 25,500 people. Al-Awamiyah is bordered by the Al-Ramis farms to the east and some other farms to the west and the south. To the north side, there is a dividing line between Al-Awamiyah and the neighboring Safwa city, so the town cannot expand any more and provide housing land for its growing population. Due to this limited land, the people move out of the town and settle in nearby neighborhoods, notably Al-Nasera which is home to almost 2500 people living in 250 homes.

The Caliphal Baths are an Islamic bathhouse complex in Córdoba, Spain. They are situated in the historic centre which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994. The complex was contiguous to the former Caliphal Palaces of the Umayyads, whose inhabitants it served. Today the baths have been partially reconstructed and are open as a museum.

The Shahi Hammam, also known as the Wazir Khan Hammam, is a Turkish bath which was built in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, in 1635 C.E. during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. It was built by chief physician to the Mughal Court, Ilam-ud-din Ansari, who was widely known as Wazir Khan. The baths were built to serve as a waqf, or endowment, for the maintenance of the Wazir Khan Mosque.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qal'at al-Qatif</span> Ancient fortress in Qatif, Saudi Arabia.

Qal'at al-Qatif, also known as Hadaret Qatif, Qasbet Al-Qatif, Madenet Al-Qatef Al Mohasana, Al-Farda, or Al-Mahfouza, is an ancient fortress located in the heart of Qatif, a city in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The castle's origins trace back to the 3rd century CE, built by the Sassanids. Later, during the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire restored the castle, transforming it into a military base and defense point in the Persian Gulf. Over time, it also served as a warehouse for goods and a residential area.

The Eastern Region, officially known as Al Ain Region, is one of three Municipal Regions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. It forms the southeastern part of the United Arab Emirates. Its main settlement is the eponymous city of Al Ain, located on the country's border with Oman, about 160 km (99 mi) from the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the Emirate and country. Compared to the Western Region, it is also a rather remote region of the Emirate, but smaller by area, and is not known to hold reserves of gas or petroleum, but is agriculturally important.

The Hammam as-Saffarin is a historic hammam (bathhouse) in the medina of Fes, Morocco. It is located on the southwest side of Place Seffarine, across from the Madrasa Saffarin and south of the Qarawiyyin Mosque.

The Bañuelo or El Bañuelo, also known as the Baño del Nogal or Hammam al-Yawza, is a preserved historic hammam in Granada, Spain. It is located in the Albaicin quarter of the city, on the banks of the Darro River. It was used as a bathhouse up until the 16th century at least, before becoming defunct and being converted to other uses. In the 20th century it underwent numerous restorations by Spanish experts and is now open as a tourist attraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haj Saleh Hammam</span> Hammam in Saqqez, Iranian national heritage site

Haj Saleh Hammam is a historical hammam located in Saqqez, Iran. It belongs to the Safavid-Zandian period and is located in the old part of the city within the Bazaar of Saqqez. This historical building was registered as one of the national monuments of Iran on November 7, 2000, with the number 2830.

The archaeology of Saudi Arabia includes the following archaeological sites:

Al-Aba Oasis, or Afnan Oasis is one of the ancient oases in Al-Qatif Governorate, in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Al-Aba Oasis was the capital of the village of Umm Al-Sahek, located to the north of it, with an area of 950 square kilometers.

Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Al Faihani Palace, also known as the Al Faihani Palace, is an ancient palace adjacent to a fortress known as Darin Castle. It is located in the village of Darin on Tarout Island in Qatif Governorate in eastern Saudi Arabia. The castle was restored by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Al Faihani between 1884 and 1885 and became known by his name.

References

1 2 Al-Droura, Ali. History of the Portuguese Occupation of Qatif 1572-1521 AD. Abu Dhabi: Cultural Center, 2001.
1 2 Al-Musallam, Mohammed Saeed (2002). Oasis on the banks of the Gulf, Qatif. Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Abu Lozah: A bathhouse dug by the Canaanites, built by the Ottomans and neglected by antiquities - Qatif Oasis". www.qatifoasis.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Accessed on 2017-08-04.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Abeer Jaber (June 20, 2005). "'Hammam Abu Luza'... A dry eye and timeless tales". Al-Sharq Al-Awsat newspaper. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Accessed on 2015-01-18.
1 2 The correct pronunciation of the name is Aby Loza's Bath.
1 2 3 "Residential Architecture in Qatif - Qatif Oasis". www.qatifoasis.com. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Accessed on 2017-07-21.
1 2 "Youth group explores Tubi ruins on bicycles". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-05.
↑ Al-Musallam, Mohammed (2002). Oasis on the banks of the Gulf: Qatif. Qatif: Al-Rida Press. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Accessed on July 6, 2017.
↑ ""Al-Huwaish" is emphatic: Qatif has a long history and a museum that spans more than a thousand years". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-05.
↑ "Preparing to Work at DAS". DHAHRAN aHLYYAH SCHOOLS. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Accessed on 2017-07-21.
↑ "Qatif's eyes are theaters for rest, tourism, play and culture - Online - Qatif News Today". www.alqhat.com (bar-sa). Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
1 2 "Qatif Al Ghad Group: Organizes a campaign to clean the Abu Luza bathhouse". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Accessed on 2017-08-04.
1 2 3 4 Mohammed al-Abdullah (May 10, 2013). "Hammam Abu Luzah is a relic awaiting attention". Okaz weekly newspaper. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Accessed on 2015-01-18.
1 2 Munir al-Nimr (August 31, 2010). "Qatif's historic Abu Luzah Bathhouse suffers from neglect. Closing it is not a solution!". Al-Riyadh newspaper. Archived from the original on 2019-02-28. Accessed on 2015-01-18.
↑ "Volunteers choose 'Heritage Day' to kick off Abu Luzah cleanup campaign". Al-Sharq newspaper. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-04.
↑ "Campaign to revive Abu Luzah's ancient bathhouse in Qatif". Al-Sharq newspaper. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Accessed on 2017-08-04.
↑ "Qatif... Hammam Abu Luzah model impresses visitors of originality and heritage". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Accessed on 2017-08-04.
↑ "Popular and Mobile Markets in Qatif Governorate... Problems and Solutions". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-05.
↑ Qatif, Ahmed Al-Masri - (December 12, 2020). "Preparing Hammam Abu Luzah as a future tourist destination". alyaum. Archived from the original on 2021-06-08. Accessed on 2021-06-08.

26°33′41″N49°59′36″E / 26.561268°N 49.993196°E / 26.561268; 49.993196

This Saudi Arabia related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[:0-1] 1 2 Al-Droura, Ali. History of the Portuguese Occupation of Qatif 1572-1521 AD. Abu Dhabi: Cultural Center, 2001.

[:1-2] 1 2 Al-Musallam, Mohammed Saeed (2002). Oasis on the banks of the Gulf, Qatif. Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12.

[:2-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Abu Lozah: A bathhouse dug by the Canaanites, built by the Ottomans and neglected by antiquities - Qatif Oasis". www.qatifoasis.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Accessed on 2017-08-04.

[:3-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Abeer Jaber (June 20, 2005). "'Hammam Abu Luza'... A dry eye and timeless tales". Al-Sharq Al-Awsat newspaper. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Accessed on 2015-01-18.

[:4-5] 1 2 The correct pronunciation of the name is Aby Loza's Bath.

[:5-6] 1 2 3 "Residential Architecture in Qatif - Qatif Oasis". www.qatifoasis.com. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Accessed on 2017-07-21.

[:6-7] 1 2 "Youth group explores Tubi ruins on bicycles". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-05.

[8] Al-Musallam, Mohammed (2002). Oasis on the banks of the Gulf: Qatif. Qatif: Al-Rida Press. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Accessed on July 6, 2017.

[9] ""Al-Huwaish" is emphatic: Qatif has a long history and a museum that spans more than a thousand years". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-05.

[10] "Preparing to Work at DAS". DHAHRAN aHLYYAH SCHOOLS. Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Accessed on 2017-07-21.

[11] "Qatif's eyes are theaters for rest, tourism, play and culture - Online - Qatif News Today". www.alqhat.com (bar-sa). Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-07-21.

[:7-12] 1 2 "Qatif Al Ghad Group: Organizes a campaign to clean the Abu Luza bathhouse". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Accessed on 2017-08-04.

[:8-13] 1 2 3 4 Mohammed al-Abdullah (May 10, 2013). "Hammam Abu Luzah is a relic awaiting attention". Okaz weekly newspaper. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Accessed on 2015-01-18.

[:9-14] 1 2 Munir al-Nimr (August 31, 2010). "Qatif's historic Abu Luzah Bathhouse suffers from neglect. Closing it is not a solution!". Al-Riyadh newspaper. Archived from the original on 2019-02-28. Accessed on 2015-01-18.

[15] "Volunteers choose 'Heritage Day' to kick off Abu Luzah cleanup campaign". Al-Sharq newspaper. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-04.

[16] "Campaign to revive Abu Luzah's ancient bathhouse in Qatif". Al-Sharq newspaper. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Accessed on 2017-08-04.

[17] "Qatif... Hammam Abu Luzah model impresses visitors of originality and heritage". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Accessed on 2017-08-04.

[18] "Popular and Mobile Markets in Qatif Governorate... Problems and Solutions". Juhayna News. Archived from the original on 2017-08-05. Accessed on 2017-08-05.

[19] Qatif, Ahmed Al-Masri - (December 12, 2020). "Preparing Hammam Abu Luzah as a future tourist destination". alyaum. Archived from the original on 2021-06-08. Accessed on 2021-06-08.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]