Adam Antebi (born 1961) is an American-born molecular biologist performing research on fundamental mechanisms underlying the processes of aging and longevity. [1] He currently serves as a director of the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing in Cologne, Germany. [2] Antebi has performed research on the molecular mechanisms regulating life span, particularly in model organisms such as C. elegans and the turquoise killifish.
Antebi received his bachelor’s degree with distinction in biochemistry from Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, in 1983. [3] He went on to pursue his doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the lab of Dr. Gerald Fink, completing his PhD in biology in 1991. [3]
Following his PhD, Antebi conducted postdoctoral research at Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD under the mentorship of Dr. Edward M. Hedgecock. [3] During this period, he began his research on pathways regulating C. elegans developmental timing and longevity, establishing a foundation for his later work. [4] [5]
From 1997, Antebi worked as a Max Planck independent group leader at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin. In 2004, he became an assistant professor at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, where he advanced to associate professor in 2007. [3]
In 2008, he joined the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing as one of the founding directors, [3] where he has since focused on understanding the molecular underpinnings of aging and longevity. [6] Since 2010, he is also an honorary professor at the University of Cologne, Center of Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses and Ageing-Associated Disease. [7] [3]
Antebi's work has identified several regulatory pathways—such as steroidal, [8] insulin/IGF, mTOR [9] [10] , microRNA [11] and AMPK signaling [12] —that play a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating lifespan. [13] His work includes the regulation of animal life span by components of hormone driven developmental clocks, [8] and identifying small nucleoli as a cellular hallmark of longevity across taxa. [14] [15]
Throughout his career, Antebi has contributed to the organization of major conferences and symposia, including the Gordon Research Conference on the Biology of Aging [16] and Cold Spring Harbor Asia Aging Conferences. [17] He has held roles as a scientific advisory board (SAB) member for multiple institutions and organizations in Europe and worldwide. [3] [18] He helped establish the Systems Biology of Ageing Network, Cologne [19] and served 16 years as an editor-in-chief for the scientific journal Aging Cell, shaping the field of biogerontology research. [3]
Antebi served as the director of the International Max Planck Research School, Ph.D. Program and helped establish the Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research Ph.D. Program, for which he served as a Co-Director from 2013 to 2022. [3]
Antebi received the Breakthroughs in Gerontology Award from the American Federation for Aging Research/Glenn Foundation for Medical Research (2005), the DeBakey Excellence in Research Award from Baylor College of Medicine (2007), the Allianz/Associations de Prevoyance Sante (ADPS) Longevity Research Award (2016), and the Bennett J. Cohen Research in Aging Award (2021). [3] [20] He also held the Runnström Lecture, Wenner-Gren Institute, University of Stockholm, Sweden (2009). [3]
From 2007 to 2012, Antebi was an Ellison Medical Foundation Senior Scholar in Aging. [3] He is an elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) since 2016 [21] and of the Academy of Health and Lifespan Research since 2022. [22]
Antebi was awarded the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant for his research on nucleolar functions in aging in 2019, [23] and the Longevity Impetus Grant for targeting the nucleolus for phenotypic screens to discover lifespan extending drugs in 2023. [24]
Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek caeno- (recent), rhabditis (rod-like) and Latin elegans (elegant). In 1900, Maupas initially named it Rhabditides elegans. Osche placed it in the subgenus Caenorhabditis in 1952, and in 1955, Dougherty raised Caenorhabditis to the status of genus.
Senescence or biological aging is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics in living organisms. Whole organism senescence involves an increase in death rates or a decrease in fecundity with increasing age, at least in the later part of an organism's life cycle. However, the resulting effects of senescence can be delayed. The 1934 discovery that calorie restriction can extend lifespans by 50% in rats, the existence of species having negligible senescence, and the existence of potentially immortal organisms such as members of the genus Hydra have motivated research into delaying senescence and thus age-related diseases. Rare human mutations can cause accelerated aging diseases.
Life extension is the concept of extending the human lifespan, either modestly through improvements in medicine or dramatically by increasing the maximum lifespan beyond its generally-settled biological limit of around 125 years. Several researchers in the area, along with "life extensionists", "immortalists", or "longevists", postulate that future breakthroughs in tissue rejuvenation, stem cells, regenerative medicine, molecular repair, gene therapy, pharmaceuticals, and organ replacement will eventually enable humans to have indefinite lifespans through complete rejuvenation to a healthy youthful condition (agerasia). The ethical ramifications, if life extension becomes a possibility, are debated by bioethicists.
Longevity may refer to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas life expectancy is defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age. For example, a population's life expectancy at birth is the same as the average age at death for all people born in the same year.
Biological immortality is a state in which the rate of mortality from senescence is stable or decreasing, thus decoupling it from chronological age. Various unicellular and multicellular species, including some vertebrates, achieve this state either throughout their existence or after living long enough. A biologically immortal living being can still die from means other than senescence, such as through injury, poison, disease, predation, lack of available resources, or changes to environment.
The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 by Rudolf K. Thauer and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). Its sister institute is the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, which was founded a year later in 1992 in Bremen.
Cynthia Jane Kenyon is an American molecular biologist and biogerontologist known for her genetic dissection of aging in a widely used model organism, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. She is the vice president of aging research at Calico Research Labs, and emeritus professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).
Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone is a chemical inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. It is a nitrile, hydrazone and protonophore. In general, CCCP causes the gradual destruction of living cells and death of the organism, although mild doses inducing partial decoupling have been shown to increase median and maximum lifespan in C. elegans models, suggesting a degree of hormesis. CCCP causes an uncoupling of the proton gradient that is established during the normal activity of electron carriers in the electron transport chain. The chemical acts essentially as an ionophore and reduces the ability of ATP synthase to function optimally. It is routinely used as an experimental uncoupling agent in cell and molecular biology, particularly in the study of mitophagy, where it was integral in discovering the role of the Parkinson's disease-associated ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Outside of its effects on mitochondria, CCCP may also disrupt lysosomal degradation during autophagy.
Ageing is the process of becoming older. The term refers mainly to humans, many other animals, and fungi, whereas for example, bacteria, perennial plants and some simple animals are potentially biologically immortal. In a broader sense, ageing can refer to single cells within an organism which have ceased dividing, or to the population of a species.
Gary Bruce Ruvkun is an American molecular biologist and Nobel laureate at Massachusetts General Hospital and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School in Boston.
The Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biology of Ageing, founded in 2008, is one of over 80 independent, non-profit-making institutes set up under the umbrella of the Max Planck Society. The overall research aim is to obtain fundamental insights into the aging process and thus to pave the way towards healthier aging in humans. An international research team drawn from almost 40 nations is working to uncover underlying molecular, physiological and evolutionary mechanisms.
DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. It is responsible for activating genes involved in longevity, lipogenesis, heat shock survival and oxidative stress responses. It also protects C.elegans during food deprivation, causing it to transform into a hibernation - like state, known as a Dauer. DAF-16 is notable for being the primary transcription factor required for the profound lifespan extension observed upon mutation of the insulin-like receptor DAF-2. The gene has played a large role in research into longevity and the insulin signalling pathway as it is located in C. elegans, a successful ageing model organism.
David Gems is a British geneticist who studies the biology and genetics of ageing (biogerontology). He is Professor of Biogerontology at the Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London and he is a co-founder and Research Director of the UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing. His work concerns understanding the underlying causes of aging. His research laboratory tests theories of aging and develops new ones using a short-lived animal model C. elegans.
Genetics of aging is generally concerned with life extension associated with genetic alterations, rather than with accelerated aging diseases leading to reduction in lifespan.
Nektarios N. Tavernarakis is a Greek bioscientist, who studies Ageing, Cell death, and Neurodegeneration. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Molecular Systems Biology at the Medical School of the University of Crete, and the chairman of the board of directors at the Foundation for Research and Technology, in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. He is also the founder and first director of the Graduate Program in Bioinformatics of the University of Crete Medical School, and has served as director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, where he is heading the Neurogenetics and Ageing laboratory. He was elected vice president of the European Research Council (ERC) in 2020, and chairman of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) governing board and executive committee in 2022.
Vadim N. Gladyshev is a professor of medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, who specializes in antioxidant biology. He is known for his characterization of the human selenoproteome. He is also known for his work on the effects of aging in humans. He has conducted studies on whether organisms can acquire cellular damage from their food; the role selenium plays as a micro-nutrient with significant health benefits; In 2013 he won the NIH Pioneer Award.
The mitochondrial theory of ageing has two varieties: free radical and non-free radical. The first is one of the variants of the free radical theory of ageing. It was formulated by J. Miquel and colleagues in 1980 and was developed in the works of Linnane and coworkers (1989). The second was proposed by A. N. Lobachev in 1978.
This timeline lists notable events in the history of research into senescence or biological aging, including the research and development of life extension methods, brain aging delay methods and rejuvenation.
Collin Yvès Ewald is a Swiss scientist investigating the molecular mechanisms of healthy aging. He is a molecular biologist and a professor at ETH Zurich, where he leads the Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration. His research focuses on the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during aging and upon longevity interventions.
The age-1 gene is located on chromosome 2 in C.elegans. It gained attention in 1983 for its ability to induce long-lived C. elegans mutants. The age-1 mutant, first identified by Michael Klass, was reported to extend mean lifespan by over 50% at 25 °C when compared to the wild type worm (N2) in 1987 by Johnson et al. Development, metabolism, lifespan, among other processes have been associated with age-1 expression. The age-1 gene is known to share a genetic pathway with daf-2 gene that regulates lifespan in worms. Additionally, both age-1 and daf-2 mutants are dependent on daf-16 and daf-18 genes to promote lifespan extension.