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Nephrology is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy. The word "renal" is an adjective meaning "relating to the kidneys", and its roots are French or late Latin. Whereas according to some opinions, "renal" and "nephro" should be replaced with "kidney" in scientific writings such as "kidney medicine" or "kidney replacement therapy", other experts have advocated preserving the use of renal and nephro as appropriate including in "nephrology" and "renal replacement therapy", respectively.
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible. Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion. Complications of acute and chronic failure include uremia, hyperkalemia, and volume overload. Complications of chronic failure also include heart disease, high blood pressure, and anaemia.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function which occurs over a period of months to years, or an abnormal kidney structure. Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion. Complications can relate to hormonal dysfunction of the kidneys and include high blood pressure, bone disease, and anemia. Additionally CKD patients have markedly increased cardiovascular complications with increased risks of death and hospitalization. CKD can lead to kidney failure requiring kidney dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Renal osteodystrophy is currently defined as an alteration of bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). The term "renal osteodystrophy" was coined in 1943, 60 years after an association was identified between bone disease and kidney failure.
Sevelamer (rINN) is a phosphate binding medication used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. When taken with meals, it binds to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption. Sevelamer was invented and developed by GelTex Pharmaceuticals. Sevelamer is marketed by Sanofi under the brand names Renagel and Renvela.
The UK Kidney Association (UKKA), formerly the Renal Association, is the second oldest nephrology society in the world. The UKKA has over 1,400 doctors, scientists and multi-professional team members.
Robert Provenzano is an American nephrologist. He is also an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at Wayne State University School of Medicine.
Nathan W. Levin is an American physician and founder of the Renal Research Institute, LLC., a research institute dedicated to improving the outcomes of patients with kidney disease, particularly those requiring dialysis. Levin is one of the most prominent and renowned figures in clinical nephrology as well as nephrology research. He has authored multiple book chapters and over 350 peer-reviewed publications, including articles in leading journals such as Nature, the New England Journal of Medicine, and The Lancet.
Michael R. Hayden, is a Killam Professor of Medical Genetics at the University of British Columbia, the highest honour UBC can confer on any faculty member. Only four such awards have ever been conferred in the Faculty of Medicine. Dr. Hayden is also Canada Research Chair in Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine. Hayden is best known for his research in Huntington disease (HD).
Carmine Zoccali is an Italian nephrologist and a clinical investigator. He has contributed to research in several fields, most notably hypertension and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression and clinical epidemiology of kidney diseases at large. He is known for his studies on cardiovascular risk in CKD and dialysis patients. He was among the earliest investigators that focused on the relevance of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation for the high risk of cardiovascular disease in these populations. In this research area, he was the first to link endogenous inhibitors of the nitric oxide system with death and cardiovascular disease. and the first to document a relationship between sympathetic over-activity and these outcomes Dr Zoccali is a practicing specialist in Nephrology, with a national qualification for the full professorship in Nephrology. He is also a specialist in hypertension, certified by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH).
Josephine Forbes is an Australian scientist specialising in the study of glycation and diabetes. She has been studying diabetes since 1999 and has worked at Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne Australia. Since 2012 she has led the Glycation and Diabetes team at Mater Research which is a world-class medical research institute based at South Brisbane, and part of the Mater Group. Josephine is program leader for Mater's Chronic Disease Biology and Care theme, building greater understanding of the biological basis of a broad range of chronic diseases, and developing preventative strategies and innovative treatments to improve patient outcomes. Josephine and her team focus on how advanced glycation contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications such as kidney disease.
Sree Bhushan Raju M.D., D.M., Diplomate of National Board, is a nephrologist from Telangana, India. He is currently Senior professor and Unit head, Dept of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences Panjagutta, Hyderabad. Which is one of the largest Nephrology teaching Department in India having ten DM seats. He is one of the principal investigators of CKD task force by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to evaluate the prevalence of CKD in adult urban population in India. He is currently an associate editor of Indian Journal of Nephrology, Indian Journal of Organ Transplantation and Frontiers in Medicine. He is a popular advocator of Public Health and early detection of non-communicable disease. He frequency writes editorials in various Regional and National News papers about quality of care, public health, health care systems
Vlado Perkovic is an Australian renal physician and researcher who is the Provost at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, having previously been Dean of Medicine & Health at that University between 2019 and 2023.
Jochen Reiser is a physician-scientist and a healthcare leader. He is the President of the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) and CEO of the UTMB Health System, which includes the oldest medical school and nursing school in Texas. As chief executive officer, he oversees the enterprise which includes multiple campuses, five health science colleges, the Galveston National Laboratory (BSL-4) and the Correctional Health Care Services for most of Texas.
David Wayne Johnson is an Australian nephrologist known for kidney treatments and transplants in Australia. In 2009 he was a Queensland State Finalist for Australian of the Year, for his work in the early recognition and care of people with chronic kidney disease and specifically for his work in detection of chronic kidney disease.
Vanessa Grubbs is a nephrologist and a writer based in Oakland, California. She is an associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco. She works at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital.
Andrew S. Levey is an American nephrologist who transformed chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinical practice, research, and public health by developing equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and leading the global standardization of CKD definition and staging.
Deidra C. Crews MD, ScM is an American nephrologist and epidemiologist. She is the Deputy Director of Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity and a Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Crews research focuses on social drivers of disparities in kidney disease and hypertension.
Peter Stenvinkel is a Swedish nephrologist and academic. He is a senior lecturer at Karolinska University Hospital and a professor of nephrology at Karolinska Institutet.
Benjamin Kervin Alan Thomson is a Canadian nephrologist, public health expert, educator, and humanitarian known for his work in improving healthcare delivery in communities both in Canada and internationally. He has contributed to developing educational programs for Indigenous communities in Ontario, establishing healthcare facilities in Uganda, and enhancing medical infrastructure in Gaza. Thomson is the founder of the Keys of Health Fellowship and co-founder of EmpowerGaza, initiatives aimed at supporting local healthcare systems in marginalized regions.
References
- 1 2 "Adeera Levin | UBC Division of Nephrology". nephrology.medicine.ubc.ca. 2 April 2010.
- ↑ "Adeera Levin, M.D., F.R.C.P.C". Kidney Research Institute. 15 August 2014.
- ↑ "Leadership Team". Can-SOLVE CKD Network.
- 1 2 "Dr. Adeera Levin named 2015 Aubrey J. Tingle Prize winner". Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research. March 3, 2015.
- ↑ Levin A, Clase CM, Sood MM, Dicks E, Fortin MC, Hartwig S, et al. (January 1, 2014). "Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease: a unique launch of a unique journal". Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease. 1: 1. doi: 10.1186/2054-3581-1-1 . PMC 4346297 . PMID 25780596.
- ↑ "BioMed central publishes first articles in canadian journal of kidney health and disease". www.biomedcentral.com.
- ↑ "Adeera Levin". Providence Health Care Research Institute. April 12, 2016.
- ↑ "Perspectives on 2020 and Gratitude from Adeera Levin". www.bcrenal.ca.
- ↑ "The CSN Distinguished Service Award". Canadian Society of Nephrology.
- ↑ Horspool, Sally. "2014 Kidney Foundation of Canada Medal for Research Excellence goes to ISN President Elect". archive.theisn.org.
- ↑ "CAHS Fellows Directory – Canadian Academy of Health Sciences | Académie canadienne des sciences de la santé".
- ↑ "International Distinguished Medal Recipients". National Kidney Foundation. September 23, 2014.
- ↑ "Prominent kidney researcher appointed to Order of Canada (Dr. Adeera Levin) | Providence Health Care". www.providencehealthcare.org.
- ↑ General, Office of the Secretary to the Governor (May 11, 2016). "Order of Canada Investiture Ceremony". The Governor General of Canada.
- ↑ "Adeera Levin and Anthony Phillips appointed to the Order of Canada". UBC Faculty of Medicine. July 2, 2015.
