Adeline Magloire Chancy (born April 4, 1931) [1] is a Haitian educator, feminist, and politician. She has worked to promote the recognition of Haitian Creole as a valid language in its own right.
Chancy is a founding member of the Haitian Creole Academy [2] and served as Haiti's minister for the feminine condition and women's rights from 2004 to 2006. [3]
Adeline Magloire was born in 1931 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and grew up in the suburb of Pétion-Ville. [1] Her father was an architect and her mother was a teacher. [1] Her sisters were Nicole Magloire and Denise Magloire Fouchard, both of whom also became feminist activists. [4] [5]
Chancy studied at L'École Normale Supérieure, a constituent school of the Université d'État d'Haïti, as well as at the university's law school. [6]
In the early 1960s, Chancy became an activist for democracy and women's rights under the Duvalier dictatorship, organizing with the Committee of Patriotic Women and the Unified Democratic Front. [2] This period shaped her advocacy for Haitian Creole: [1]
It was at this time, amid a climate of political repression that left a mark on my blood, that I came to understand the role of our national language in the struggle to establish a democratic political regime and to pave the way for progress, development, and national unity.
Chancy was forced to go into exile with her family in 1965, and they settled in Canada, taking up residence in Montreal's Outremont neighborhood. Their home became a center of community organizing for Haitians in Montreal, as well as a haven for new arrivals from many countries. [7] [8]
In Montreal, while pursuing a professional career in secondary education, Chancy continued her social and political activism both within the Haitian community and across Quebec society. [9] She was chosen by the Government of Quebec to take part in a commission overseeing the implementation of immigrant integration policies. She also worked with the provincial human rights commission on issues of racism. [6]
Chancy was a pioneer in literacy efforts through the Maison d'Haïti in Montreal, which she helped found, [7] and the provincial-level literacy organization Regroupement des Groupes populaires en alphabétisation. She helped shape literacy and adult education policy, both directly through her teaching as well as through conferences and publications. [10] She received a master's degree in adult education from the University of Montreal in 1981, writing her thesis on illiteracy among Haitian women immigrants. [11]
In the 1970s and 1980s, Chancy was a member of the Congress of Black Women of Canada. [8] She also advocated for the recognition and validation of the Haitian Creole language. In 1983, she launched the first International Creole Day in Montreal, on October 28. [12]
Chancy returned to Haiti after Jean-Claude Duvalier went into exile in 1986. [6] Since then, she has held several positions in the public sector, including training director at the National Office for Participation and Popular Education from 1986 to 1987, secretary of state for literacy from 1996 to 1997, and minister for the feminine condition and women's rights from 2004 to 2006. [13] [6] [14] A noteworthy accomplishment during her time as women's minister was the July 6, 2005, declaration that recognized rape as a crime and that abolished discriminatory provisions against women in the Penal Code. [14]
She has written extensively on women's rights, literacy, and Haitian Creole. [15] In November 2014, Chancy was named a knight of the French Legion of Honour. [16]
She married Max Chancy, a philosophy professor and political activist, in 1955. [2] He died in 2002. The couple had three sons: Bernard Chancy, Jean-Pierre Chancy, and Michel Chancy . [8] [17]
Haitian Creole, commonly referred to as simply Creole, or Kreyòl in the Creole language, is a French-based creole language spoken by 10–12 million people worldwide, and is one of the two official languages of Haiti, where it is the native language of the vast majority of the population. Northern, Central, and Southern dialects are the three main dialects of Haitian Creole. The Northern dialect is predominantly spoken in Cap-Haïtien, Central is spoken in Port-au-Prince, and Southern in the Cayes area.
A French creole, or French-based creole language, is a creole for which French is the lexifier. Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th- or 18th-century koiné of French from Paris, the French Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies. This article also contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers.
The Haitian Football Federation (FHF) is the governing body for football in Haiti. The FHF is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in Haiti, both professional and amateur. A member of CONCACAF since 1961, FHF is in charge of football in Haiti and all lower categories. The principal sporting field is the Sylvio Cator stadium in Port-au-Prince. It is a founding member of CONCACAF.
Josaphat-Robert Large was a Euro-Haitian-American poet, novelist and art critic. His novel Les terres entourées de larmes [Shore surrounded with tears] won the prestigious Prix littéraire des Caraïbes in 2003. He was nominated for the Haitian grand Literary Prize of 2004, together with Edwidge Danticat, René Depestre, Frankétienne, Gary Klang, Dany Laferrière and Leslie Manigat.
Myriam Merlet was a political activist, scholar and economist who served as Chief of Staff of Haiti's Ministry for Gender and the Rights of Women, from 2006 to 2008. One of the particular focuses of her work was on how rape and rape culture is used as a political weapon, and was not considered a criminal offense in Haiti until 2005.
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Michel Frederic DeGraff is a Haitian creolist who has served on the board of the Journal of Haitian Studies. He is a tenured professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a founding member of the Haitian Creole Academy. His field of scholarship is Creole language, also known as Lang Kreyòl Linguistics. He is known for his advocacy towards the recognition of Haitian Creole as a full-fledged language. In the fall of 2012, he received a $1 million grant from the National Science Foundation to introduce online Creole language materials in the teaching of STEM in Haiti. He believes that Haitian children should be taught in their native language at all levels of instruction, contrary to the tradition of teaching them in French. Degraff believes that instruction in French, a foreign language for most Haitian children, hinders their creativity and their ability to excel.
Dominique Anglade is a Canadian businesswoman and former politician who served as the leader of the Quebec Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition of Quebec from May 11, 2020 to December 1, 2022. She has served as a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 2015 to 2022, representing Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne. She is the first woman to lead the Quebec Liberal Party, the first black woman to lead a provincial party in Canada, and the first person of Haitian descent to be a cabinet minister in Canada. She is the daughter of the academic Georges Anglade. She was also the first woman CEO of Montréal International.
The Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen, known in French as the Académie du Créole Haïtien and in English as the Haitian Creole Academy, is the language regulator of Haitian Creole. It is composed of up to 55 scholars under the leadership of Pierre-André Pierre.
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Max Chancy was a Haitian intellectual, labor leader, and political activist.
Jacques Max Manigat is a Haitian scholar. Originally from Cap-Haïtien, he is a member of the Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen. He is the author of several books on the Haitian diaspora.
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Annie Desroy was the pseudonym of Anne-Marie Bourand, née Lerebours (1893-1948), a Haitian novelist, playwright and teacher. She is best known for her 1934 novel Le joug.
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