The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad and commonly known as Montreal 1976, were an international multi-sport event held from July 17 to August 1, 1976, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam on May 12, 1970, over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles. It was the first and, so far, only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada. Toronto hosted the 1976 Summer Paralympics the same year as the Montreal Olympics, which still remains the only Summer Paralympics to be held in Canada. Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010, respectively.
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad and commonly known as Moscow 1980, were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The games were the first to be staged in an Eastern Bloc country, as well as the first Olympic Games and only Summer Olympics to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country. They were also the only Summer Olympic Games to be held in a self-proclaimed communist country until the 2008 Summer Olympics held in China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin before he was succeeded by Juan Antonio Samaranch, a Spaniard, shortly afterwards.
The United States competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 396 competitors, 278 men and 118 women, took part in 189 events in 19 sports.
Boris Grigoryevich Onishchenko is a former Soviet modern pentathlete who competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.
Diane Jones-Konihowski, is a former Canadian pentathlete who was the 1978 Commonwealth Champion and won two gold medals at two Pan-American Games, as well as representing Canada at two Summer Olympics.
Daniele Masala is an Italian modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
Carlo Massullo is an Italian modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
János Martinek is a Hungarian modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
Ferenc Török is a Hungarian modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
Imre Nagy was a Hungarian modern pentathlete and Olympic champion. He participated on the Hungarian team that won the gold medals at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, and he also received an individual silver medal at the event. He received a bronze medal with the Hungarian team at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Janusz Gerard Pyciak-Peciak is a Polish modern pentathlete, Olympic champion and several times world champion.
Anatoli Starostin is a former Soviet modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
John Osborn is a British sailor, Olympic champion and world champion. He won a gold medal in the Tornado class with Reg White at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Robert Daniel "Danny" Nightingale is a British modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
Jeremy Robert "Jim" Fox OBE was a British modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
Pavel Serafimovich Lednyov was a Russian modern pentathlete and Olympic Champion. He won a total of seven Olympic medals in modern pentathlon, more than any other player to date. He won four individual World Championships, and two gold medals as a member of the Soviet team.
Igor Novikov was a Soviet modern pentathlete and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, where he won a gold medal in the team competition (together with Aleksandr Tarasov and Ivan Deryugin. He won a silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, and he competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where he won a gold medal in the team competition, and a silver medal in the individual competition.
Hans Jacobson was a Swedish modern pentathlete, fencer and Olympic Champion. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, where he won a gold medal in épée with the Swedish team. He originally won a bronze medal in the modern pentathlon team competition at the 1968 Summer Olympics along with Björn Ferm and Hans-Gunnar Liljenvall. However, he was stripped of the medal after Liljenvall failed a drug test.
The Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain is the national governing body for the sport of modern pentathlon in Great Britain, recognised by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne. Modern Pentathlon, the sport Baron Pierre de Coubertin called ‘the veritable consecration of the complete athlete’ comprises five events: fencing, swimming, riding, shooting and running. Today's competition involves fencing épée for a single hit against each of the other competitors; swimming 200 metres freestyle; riding an unknown horse round a show-jumping course, and then running four 800 metre laps each preceded by shooting at five targets with a laser pistol. First appearing in the Olympic Games of 1912 at the specific request of de Coubertin, founder of the Modern Olympic Games, the same five sports have comprised this greatest of all Olympic challenges and the sport completed one hundred years of unbroken Olympic participation in 2012. Despite technological changes the five events have remained essentially the same. In Stockholm in 1912, competitors brought their own horses, fenced outdoors without electric equipment, used military pistols and swam and ran outdoors. The Stockholm event took six days to complete while the super-athletes of today finish in a single day; in 1912 only men competed while today women share equal billing; the 1912 competitors were nearly all military men while today civilians generally dominate the sport. The recent changes in the sport which combine shooting and running in a single event and make use of laser pistols are some of the exciting new developments that put Modern Pentathlon at the forefront of 21st century sporting advances. Even after one hundred years of Olympic competition, Modern Pentathlon's ability to move with the times has made it the true test of the all-round Olympic super athlete.
James Cooke is a British modern pentathlete. Cooke is both the 2018 World and 2019 European champion in the individual event, and the 2019 European Champion in the Team event with Tom Toolis and Joe Choong.
