Ady Hershcovitch

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Ady Hershcovitch is a plasma physicist best known for his 1995 invention, the plasma window, [1] which was later patented. (United States Patent: 5578831:Hershcovitch). [2] In the plasma window, a plasma (which is an ionized gas confined by electric and magnetic fields) separates air from a vacuum by preventing the air from rushing into the vacuum. This scientific development can facilitate non-vacuum ion material modification, manufacturing of superalloys, and high-quality non-vacuum electron-beam welding. [3] [4] The device has been compared to the force field in the Star Trek TV series. [5] He is well known for his work in plasma physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory. [6] [7] He has over 80 publications[ citation needed ] and 15 patents. [8]

Contents

Academic career

Hershcovitch earned his master's in nuclear engineering in 1975 and his Sc.D. in applied plasma physics in 1977 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [9] In 1980, Hershcovitch continued his research at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, NY. [10] Some of his most notable research involves development of plasma windows for transmission of synchrotron radiation and particle beams, in-situ coating techniques for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) designed to reduce cold-bore resistivity and electron cloud formation, working on the Active Denial System (ADS) for radioactive waste transmutation and sub-critical nuclear reactors, development of electron guns with plasma cathodes, directing projects in Russia aimed at development of high charge state DC ion sources for MeV ion implanters and developing a non-vacuum electron beam and in-water techniques like welders and water purifiers. [11] [12] He was an adjunct professor at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas from 2006 to 2010 and is currently an adjunct professor at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, NY. [13] [14]

International collaboration

In Tomsk, Russia, Hershcovitch works as a consultant for Plasma Sources LTD. [15] He also works with the Skolkovo Foundation as a Nuclear Cluster Expert Panel Member to promote research that can result in commercial products. [16] Since 2010, Hershcovitch has also been a visiting scientist at the Riken Nishina Center in Wako, Japan. [17]

Awards and honors

In 1987, he received the I.R. 100 Award for the development of ion-sensitive probe and in 1996, after patenting the Plasma Window, Hershcovitch received the R&D 100 Award, both selected as one of the 100 most significant technological developments worldwide. [18] On October 1, 2007, he was elected to the American Physical Society Fellowship. [19]

Personal life

Hershcovitch is currently married to Kathy Hershcovitch and resides in Long Island, NY. [20]

Media

Hershcovitch's plasma window was featured on the History Channel program "The Universe" pertaining to Weapons of the Future. [21] The Plasma Window is featured in book by Michio Kaku titled "Physics of the Impossible". [22] New Scientist has listed the plasma window as one of the 10 impossibilities conquered by science. [23]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brookhaven National Laboratory</span> United States Department of Energy national laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Upton, Long Island, a hamlet of the Town of Brookhaven. It was formally established in 1947 at the site of Camp Upton, a former U.S. Army base. Located approximately 60 miles east of New York City, it is managed by Stony Brook University and Battelle Memorial Institute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider</span> Particle accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, USA

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is the first and one of only two operating heavy-ion colliders, and the only spin-polarized proton collider ever built. Located at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in Upton, New York, and used by an international team of researchers, it is the only operating particle collider in the US. By using RHIC to collide ions traveling at relativistic speeds, physicists study the primordial form of matter that existed in the universe shortly after the Big Bang. By colliding spin-polarized protons, the spin structure of the proton is explored.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-energy nuclear physics</span> Intersection of nuclear physics and high-energy physics

High-energy nuclear physics studies the behavior of nuclear matter in energy regimes typical of high-energy physics. The primary focus of this field is the study of heavy-ion collisions, as compared to lighter atoms in other particle accelerators. At sufficient collision energies, these types of collisions are theorized to produce the quark–gluon plasma. In peripheral nuclear collisions at high energies one expects to obtain information on the electromagnetic production of leptons and mesons that are not accessible in electron–positron colliders due to their much smaller luminosities.

The plasma window is a technology that fills a volume of space with plasma confined by a magnetic field. With current technology, this volume is quite small and the plasma is generated as a flat plane inside a cylindrical space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STAR detector</span>

The STAR detector is one of the four experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Particle accelerator</span> Research apparatus for particle physics

A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams. Small accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle physics. Accelerators are also used as synchrotron light sources for the study of condensed matter physics. Smaller particle accelerators are used in a wide variety of applications, including particle therapy for oncological purposes, radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for the manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass spectrometers for measurements of rare isotopes such as radiocarbon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quark–gluon plasma</span> Phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

Quark–gluon plasma is an interacting localized assembly of quarks and gluons at thermal and chemical (abundance) equilibrium. The word plasma signals that free color charges are allowed. In a 1987 summary, Léon Van Hove pointed out the equivalence of the three terms: quark gluon plasma, quark matter and a new state of matter. Since the temperature is above the Hagedorn temperature—and thus above the scale of light u,d-quark mass—the pressure exhibits the relativistic Stefan-Boltzmann format governed by temperature to the fourth power and many practically massless quark and gluon constituents. It can be said that QGP emerges to be the new phase of strongly interacting matter which manifests its physical properties in terms of nearly free dynamics of practically massless gluons and quarks. Both quarks and gluons must be present in conditions near chemical (yield) equilibrium with their colour charge open for a new state of matter to be referred to as QGP.

The IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award is a Technical Field Award that was established by the IEEE Board of Directors in 2008. This award may be presented for outstanding contributions to the field of nuclear and plasma sciences and engineering. This award may be presented to an individual, individuals on a team, or up to three multiple recipients. Recipients of this award receive a bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium. This award was presented for the first time in 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Harris (physicist)</span> American experimental physicist

John William Harris is an American experimental high energy nuclear physicist and D. Allan Bromley Professor of Physics at Yale University. His research interests are focused on understanding high energy density QCD and the quark–gluon plasma created in relativistic collisions of heavy ions. Dr. Harris collaborated on the original proposal to initiate a high energy heavy ion program at Cern in Geneva, Switzerland, has been actively involved in the CERN heavy ion program and was the founding spokesperson for the STAR collaboration at RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the U.S.

The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL, previously called Booster Applications Facility), is a heavy ion beamline research facility; part of the Collider-Accelerator Department of Brookhaven National Laboratory, located in Upton, New York on Long Island. Its primary mission is to use ion beams (H+to Bi83+) to simulate the cosmic ray radiation fields that are more prominent beyond Earth's atmosphere.

Sergei Voloshin is a Russian-American experimental high-energy nuclear physicist and Professor of Physics at Wayne State University. He is best known for his work on event-by-event physics in heavy ion collisions.

Nicholas P. Samios is an American physicist and former director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York.

Fulvia Pilat is an Italian-American physicist who is currently the Research Accelerator Division Director at the Spallation Neutron Source and an elected fellow of the American Physical Society (APS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christine Aidala</span> American high-energy nuclear physicist

Christine Angela Aidala is an American high-energy nuclear physicist, Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow and Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan. She studies nucleon structure and parton dynamics in quantum chromodynamics.

An electron–ion collider (EIC) is a type of particle accelerator collider designed to collide spin-polarized beams of electrons and ions, in order to study the properties of nuclear matter in detail via deep inelastic scattering. In 2012, a whitepaper was published, proposing the developing and building of an EIC accelerator, and in 2015, the Department of Energy Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) named the construction of an electron–ion collider one of the top priorities for the near future in nuclear physics in the United States.

The Accelerator Test Facility (BNL-ATF) is a user facility within the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, as part of the Science Accelerator Stewardship. Commencing operation in 1992, the BNL-ATF carries out research and development in collaboration with other labs around the world on advanced accelerator physics and studies the interactions of high-power electromagnetic radiation and high-brightness electron beams, including plasma-acceleration and laser-acceleration of electrons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berndt Müller</span>

Berndt O. Mueller is a German-born theoretical physicist who specializes in nuclear physics. He is a professor at Duke University.

William J. Willis was an American experimental particle physicist.

Claude Pruneau is a Canadian-American experimental high-energy nuclear physicist. He is a professor of physics at Wayne State University and the author of several books. He is best known for his work on particle correlation measurements in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilan Ben-Zvi</span> American accelerator physicist

Ilan Ben-Zvi is an accelerator physicist and academic. He was the associate chair for accelerator R&D at the Collider-Accelerator Department (C-AD), and is a distinguished scientist emeritus at the Collider-Accelerator Department (C-AD) at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

References

  1. ↑ "Plasma Window". WikiAudio. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Hershcovitch, Ady. "Method and apparatus for charged particle propagation". United States Patent Office.
  3. ↑ "Plasma Window Technology for Propagating Particle Beams and Radiation from Vacuum to Atmosphere". Tech Briefs. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  4. ↑ "Acceleron Electron Beam, LLC, Wins Grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to Commercialize New Welding Technique Developed at Brookhaven Lab". BNL News Release. Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  5. ↑ "Hot Mettle". No. New Scientist. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  6. ↑ Kren, Lawrence (2004-07-08). "New "window" of opportunity for e-beam welding". Machine Design. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  7. ↑ Kaku, Michio (2008). Physics of the Impossible. First Anchor Books: First Anchor Books. pp.  10–11. ISBN   978-0307278821.
  8. ↑ "United States Patent Office". US Patent Office. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  9. ↑ "MIT Alumni Directory".[ permanent dead link ]
  10. ↑ Directory and Survey of Particle Physicists. Diane Publishing. Jan 1, 1999. p. 134. ISBN   9780788175817 . Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  11. ↑ "Plasma Physics R&D for Some non- Fusion Physics & Industrial Applications" (PDF).
  12. ↑ A. Hershcovitch; M. Blaskiewicz; J.M. Brennan; A. Chawla; W. Fischer; C.-J. Liaw; W. Meng; R. Todd; A. Custer; M. Erickson; N. Jamshidi; P. Kobrin; R. Laping; H. J. Poole. "Device and technique for in-situ coating of the RHIC cold bore vacuum tubes with thick OFHC*".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ↑ "Stony Brook University Faculty Directory". Department of Civil Engineering Faculty. Stony Brook University. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  14. ↑ "Seven Brookhaven Lab Scientists Named American Physical Society Fellows".
  15. ↑ Hershcovitch, Ady. "New generation of ion sources based on non-conducting solid-state matters for semiconductor industry".
  16. ↑ "DOE-GIPP, Skolkovo foundation funding to Plasma Sources LTD" (PDF). Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the US Department of Energy.
  17. ↑ A. Hershcovitch; H. Okuno; N. Fukunishi; A. Goto; H. Hasebe; H. Imao; O. Kamigaito; M. Kase; H. Kuboki; Y. Yano & S. Yokouchi (March 2011). "Low-Z gas stripper as an alternative to carbon foils for the acceleration of high-power uranium beams". Physical Review Special Topics: Accelerators and Beams. 14 (3): 033503. Bibcode:2011PhRvS..14c3503O. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.033503 .
  18. ↑ "BNL Wins R&D 100 Award for 'Plasma Window" (PDF). Vol. 50, no. 41. Brookhave Bulletin. United States Department of Energy -- Brookhaven National Laboratory. October 18, 1996. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  19. ↑ "Seven Brookhaven Lab Scientists Named American Physical Society Fellows".
  20. ↑ "MIT Alumni Directory: Personal Life".[ permanent dead link ]
  21. ↑ "Weapons of the Future". The History Channel.
  22. ↑ Kaku, Michio (2008). Physics of the Impossible. First Anchor Books: First Anchor Books. pp.  10–11. ISBN   978-0307278821.
  23. ↑ "10 impossibilities conquered by science". New Scientist. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
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