Related Research Articles
The Cantharellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cantharellales. The family contains the chanterelles and related species, a group of fungi that superficially resemble agarics but have smooth, wrinkled, or gill-like hymenophores. Species in the family are ectomycorrhizal, forming a mutually beneficial relationship with the roots of trees and other plants. Many of the Cantharellaceae, including the chanterelle, the Pacific golden chanterelle, the horn of plenty, and the trumpet chanterelle, are not only edible, but are collected and marketed internationally on a commercial scale.
The Cantharellales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes not only the chanterelles (Cantharellaceae), but also some of the tooth fungi (Hydnaceae), clavarioid fungi, and corticioid fungi (Botryobasidiaceae). Species within the order are variously ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, associated with orchids, or facultative plant pathogens. Those of economic importance include edible and commercially collected Cantharellus, Craterellus, and Hydnum species as well as crop pathogens in the genera Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus (Rhizoctonia).
Cantharellus is a genus of popular edible mushrooms, commonly known as chanterelles, a name which can also refer to the type species, Cantharellus cibarius. They are mycorrhizal fungi, meaning they form symbiotic associations with plants, making them very difficult to cultivate. Caution must be used when identifying chanterelles for consumption due to lookalikes, such as the Jack-O-Lantern species, which can make a person very ill. Despite this, chanterelles are one of the most recognized and harvested groups of edible mushrooms.
Asphodelus fistulosus is a species of plant known as hollow-stemmed asphodel, onionweed, onion-leafed asphodel, and pink asphodel. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is an invasive exotic weed in the United States, with significant infestations in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It is listed as a Federal Noxious Weed by the United States Department of Agriculture. It is also a common weed in parts of Australia, New Zealand, and Mexico, and it thrives in any area with a Mediterranean climate.
Senecio fistulosus is a species of the genus Senecio, family Asteraceae and one of the many species of Senecio native to Chile.
Craterellus caeruleofuscus is a species of fungus in the mushroom family Cantharellaceae.
Craterellus excelsus is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Reported as a new species in 2009, it was originally collected from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The species is found in rainforests that are composed predominantly of Dicymbe species. C. excelsus has fruit bodies that may be up to 15 cm (6 in) in height and grow in dense clusters.
Cantharellus lateritius, commonly known as the smooth chanterelle, is a species of edible fungus in the mushroom family Cantharellaceae. An ectomycorrhizal species, it is found in Asia, Africa, and North America. The species has a complex taxonomic history, and has undergone several name changes since its first description by American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1822. The fruit bodies of the fungus are brightly colored yellow to orange, and usually highly conspicuous against the soil in which they are found. At maturity, the mushroom resembles a filled funnel with the spore-bearing surface along the sloping outer sides. The texture of the fertile undersurface (hymenium) of the caps is a distinguishing characteristic of the species: unlike the well-known golden chanterelle, the hymenium of C. lateritius is much smoother. Chemical analysis has revealed the presence of several carotenoid compounds in the fruit bodies.
Cantharellus subpruinosus is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. A European species, it was originally described from France in 2000, where it was found growing in moss in mixed deciduous and spruce woodland.
Cantharellus zangii is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Described as new to science in 2012, it is found only in a small area in northwestern Yunnan, China. The fungus produces small, bright orange fruit bodies (mushrooms) with thin flesh and a long tapering stipe. Microscopically, the mushroom features thin-walled hyphae with clamp connections, and large ellipsoid-shaped spores.
Cantharellus lewisii is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae.
Cantharellus altipes is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Described as new to science in 2011, it is found in Texas, where it grows in oak-pine woods.
Cantharellus roseocanus is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, it was originally described in 1997 as a variety of Cantharellus cibarius, and later promoted to distinct species status in 2012.
Cantharellus tabernensis is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae that was described as new to science in 1996. It is found in the southern United States, where it grows in mixed pine and hardwood forests, close to mature Pinus elliottii trees. Fruit bodies have a yellowish-brown cap with a slightly darker brown center, and a bright orange gills and stipe. The specific epithet tabernensis refers to the meeting house at the Stennis Space Center Recreation area, near the type locality.
Afrocantharellus is a genus of fungi in the family Cantharellaceae. It was originally named as a subgenus of Cantharellus, but was elevated to the rank of genus by Donatha D. Tibuhwa in 2012 based on morphological and molecular evidence. Afrocantharellus species are only known from Africa.
Afrocantharellus platyphyllus is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. First described in 1966 as a species of Cantharellus, it was transferred to the new genus Afrocantharellus in 2012.
Afrocantharellus splendens is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. First described in 1994 as a species of Cantharellus, it was transferred to the new genus Afrocantharellus in 2012.
Afrocantharellus symoensii is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. First described by mycologist Paul Heinemann in 1966 as a species of Cantharellus, it was transferred to the new genus Afrocantharellus in 2012.
Pseudocraterellus pseudoclavatus is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Smith described it in 1947 as Cantharellus pseudoclavatus, from a collection of a mushroom from the Siskiyou Fork of the Smith River in northern California. He reported it occurred in Washtenaw and Oakland counties in Michigan in oak hickory forest but added that he had mistaken it for G. clavatus as the two were very similar in appearance and hence it could be more widespread. He placed it in the subgenus Gomphus.
Craterellus calicornucopioides is an edible fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Described by David Arora and Jonathan L. Frank in 2015, is the North American version of the similar European species Craterellus cornucopioides. Molecular phylogenetics has shown that they are, however, distinct species.
References
- ↑ Tibuhwa DD, Savić S, Tibell L, Kivaisi AK (2012). "Afrocantharellus gen. stat. nov. is part of a rich diversity of African Cantharellaceae". IMA Fungus. 3 (1): 25–38. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.04. PMC 3399100 . PMID 23155498.
