Related Research Articles
Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures and gender expression. Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other ; those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary. A number of societies have specific genders besides "man" and "woman," such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders. Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization.
Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir was a French existentialist philosopher, writer, social theorist, and feminist activist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, nor was she considered one at the time of her death, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory.
Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is conceptually distinct from both the female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender.
Girl power is a slogan that encourages and celebrates women's empowerment, independence, confidence and strength. The slogan's invention is credited to the US punk band Bikini Kill, who published a zine called Bikini Kill #2: Girl Power in 1991. It was then popularized in the mainstream by the British girl group Spice Girls in the mid-1990s. According to Rolling Stone magazine, the Spice Girls' usage of "girl power" was one of the defining cultural touchstones that shaped the Millennial generation, particularly during their childhood in the 1990s.
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, political theory, home economics, literature, education, and philosophy.
Digital humanities (DH) is an area of scholarly activity at the intersection of computing or digital technologies and the disciplines of the humanities. It includes the systematic use of digital resources in the humanities, as well as the analysis of their application. DH can be defined as new ways of doing scholarship that involve collaborative, transdisciplinary, and computationally engaged research, teaching, and publishing. It brings digital tools and methods to the study of the humanities with the recognition that the printed word is no longer the main medium for knowledge production and distribution.
The Cultural Studies Association (CSA) was founded in 2003 and is a non-profit membership association for scientific purposes in the field and discipline of cultural studies. Located in Chicago, IL, USA, the CSA is headed by an executive committee of American academics who guide the association's efforts to promote the exchange of ideas between scholars, hold annual conferences, and publish an educational journal.
Ageism is a bias against individuals and groups on the basis of their age. This may take the form of discrimination at all levels against such individuals and groups, up to and including victimization and bullying. The term was coined in 1969 by Robert Neil Butler to describe discrimination against the elderly, patterned on the terminology of sexism and racism. Butler defined ageism as a combination of three connected elements: negative attitudes towards old age and the aging process, discriminatory practices against older people, and institutional practices and policies that perpetuate stereotypes about elderly people.
Kathleen O'Grady is a Canadian author and academic. She has published two children's books, but is more widely known as a feminist scholar who investigates women's health issues through a cultural lens and whose work addresses the under-researched intersection between feminism and the study of religion. She is also a past Editor of Network, the national, bilingual health magazine for Canadian women, and has published several books addressing feminist theory and methodology.
Gender essentialism is a theory which attributes distinct, intrinsic qualities to women and men. Based in essentialism, it holds that there are certain universal, innate, biologically based features of gender that are at the root of many of the group differences observed in the behavior of men and women.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the humanities:
Margaret Morganroth Gullette is a resident scholar at the Women's Studies Research Center at Brandeis University. She is a writer of nonfiction, an essayist, and activist. Her contributions to the field of cultural studies of age include four books, the latest of which is Agewise: Fighting the New Ageism in America (2011).
Rosalind Clair Gill is a British sociologist and feminist cultural theorist. She is currently Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis at City, University of London. Gill is author or editor of ten books, and numerous articles and chapters, and her work has been translated into Chinese, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish.
Gender plays a role in mass media and is represented within media platforms. These platforms are not limited to film, radio, television, advertisement, social media, and video games. Initiatives and resources exist to promote gender equality and reinforce women's empowerment in the media industry and representations. For example, UNESCO, in cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists, elaborated the Gender-sensitive Indicators for Media contributing to gender equality and women's empowerment in all forms of media.
Kim Sawchuk is a professor in the Department of Communication Studies, Research Chair in Mobile Media Studies, and Associate Dean of Research and Graduate Studies at Concordia University in Montreal Canada. A feminist media studies scholar, Sawchuk's research spans the fields of art, gender, and culture, examining the intersection of technology into peoples lives and how that changes as one ages.
In the field of ageing studies, activist ageing refers to activism and research that empowers the elderly. This approach investigates how ageing is imagined, how ageism operates, and how elders respond to exclusion.
The European Network in Aging Studies (ENAS) is a research network that connects researchers interested in the study of cultural aging. The parallel network in North America is called the North-American Network in Aging Studies. Both networks aim to facilitate cooperation among their existing members as well as with new collaborators.
LGBT ageing addresses issues and concerns related to the ageing of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. Older LGBT people are marginalised by: a) younger LGBT people, because of ageism; and b) by older age social networks because of homophobia, biphobia, transphobia, heteronormativity, heterosexism, prejudice and discrimination towards LGBT people.
Kathleen Woodward is an American academic. She is a Lockwood Professor in Humanities and in English at the University of Washington and has been the Director of the Simpson Center for the Humanities since 2000. Her areas of specialization include 20th-century American literature and culture; discourse of the emotions; technology and science studies; and age studies; digital humanities; and gender, women, and sexuality studies. She is working on risk in the context of globalization and population aging. Her writing talks about the invisibility status of older women and she advocates for an arena of visibility.
In feminist theory, heteropatriarchy or cisheteropatriarchy, is a socio-political system where (primarily) cisgender and heterosexual males have authority over other cisgender males, females, and people with other sexual orientations and gender identities. It is a term that emphasizes that discrimination against women and LGBT people is derived from the same sexist social principle.
References
- ↑ Gilleard, Chris (2014). "Aging and Aging Studies: Celebrating the cultural turn". Age, Culture, Humanities. 1 (1). doi:10.4324/9781315839530. ISBN 9781315839530 . Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Looser, Devoney (2014). "Age and Aging Studies, from cradle to grave". Age, Culture, Humanities. 1 (1). Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Wernick, Andrew (1999). "Andrew Blaikie. Ageing and popular culture". Canadian Journal of Sociology (January 2000). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Katz, Stephen (2014). "What is Age Studies?". Age, Culture, Humanities. 1 (1). Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- 1 2 Segal, Lynne (2014). "The Coming of Age Studies". Age, Culture, Humanities. 1 (1). Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Riley, Jeannette E. (2000). "Reviewed Work: Figuring Age: Women, Bodies, Generations by Kathleen Woodward". Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature. 54 (2): 138–141. doi:10.2307/1348142. JSTOR 1348142.
- ↑ Jennings, Ros; Gardner, Abigail (2012). 'Rock on': Women, Ageing and Popular Music. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- ↑ Dolan, Josephine; Tincknell, Estella (2012). Ageing Femininities: Troubling Representations. Cambridge Scholars Press.
- 1 2 Cruikshank, Margaret (2003). Learning to be old: Gender, culture, and aging . Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
- ↑ Gullette, M. (2004). Aged by culture. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press
- ↑ Woodward, Kathleen (1999). Figuring Age: Women, Bodies, Generations. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Blaikie, Andrew (1999). Ageing and popular culture. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ de Beauvoir, Simone (1971). The Coming of Age. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.