Agnes Mukabaranga

Last updated

Agnes Mukabaranga is a Rwandan politician. [1] Mukabaranga is a member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and member of both the Pan-African Parliament and former member of both the National Assembly and the Rwandan Senate. [1] She is a lawyer by profession. [2]

Contents

Political career

Mukabaranga was appointed an inaugural member of the transitional National Assembly, [3] which was set up following the 1994 Rwandan genocide, and was loosely based on the Arusha Accords agreed the previous year. [4] In 2003, a new permanent constitution was approved for the country in a referendum, which established a multi-party state with a bicameral parliament consisting of a senate and a chamber of deputies. [5] Mukabaranga was appointed to the new senate following the election of Paul Kagame as the first president under the new constitution. [6] [3] She was one of 39 women elected or appointed to the parliament that year, compared with 41 men. [2] Promising to fight for justice and reconciliation in the country following the genocide, she emphasised the role of women in the process, saying "Women are more prepared to make compromises, are more peace-loving and more conciliatory". [2]

In 2013, having previously left the senate, Mukabaranga was elected for a six month term as the spokesperson for the National Consultative Forum for Political Parties, a role she held jointly with a nurse and political newcomer, Sylvie Mpongera of the Rwanda Socialist Party (PSR). [3]

Personal life

Agnes Mukabaranga lost her brothers in the Rwandan genocide, and is a mother to four children. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</span>

Politics of the Democratic Republic of Congo take place in a framework of a republic in transition from a civil war to a semi-presidential republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Kenya</span> Political system of Kenya

The politics of Kenya take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system in accordance with a new constitution passed in 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Rwanda</span>

The politics of Rwanda reflect Belgian and German civil law systems and customary law takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Rwanda is the head of state with significant executive power, with the Prime Minister of Rwanda being the constitutional head of government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Zimbabwe</span>

The politics of Zimbabwe takes place in a framework of a full presidential republic, whereby the President is the head of state and government as organized by the 2013 Constitution. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The status of Zimbabwean politics has been thrown into question by a 2017 coup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Zambia</span> Political system of Zambia

The politics of Zambia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president of Zambia is head of state, head of government and leader of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Formerly Northern Rhodesia, Zambia became a republic immediately upon attaining independence in October 1964.

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members often have a different title. The terms congressman/congresswoman or deputy are equivalent terms used in other jurisdictions. The term parliamentarian is also sometimes used for members of parliament, but this may also be used to refer to unelected government officials with specific roles in a parliament and other expert advisers on parliamentary procedure such as the Senate Parliamentarian in the United States. The term is also used to the characteristic of performing the duties of a member of a legislature, for example: "The two party leaders often disagreed on issues, but both were excellent parliamentarians and cooperated to get many good things done."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliament of South Africa</span> Legislative body of South Africa

The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature; under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-seventh Parliament was first convened on 22 May 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Revolutionary Movement for Development</span> Political party in Rwanda

The National Revolutionary Movement for Development was the ruling political party of Rwanda from 1975 to 1994 under President Juvénal Habyarimana. From 1978 to 1991, the MRND was the only legal political party in the country. It was dominated by Hutus, particularly from President Habyarimana's home region of Northern Rwanda. The elite group of MRND party members who were known to have influence on the President and his wife are known as the akazu. In 1991, the party was renamed the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Kenya</span> Political elections for public offices in Kenya

Elections in Kenya take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President, Senate and National Assembly are directly elected by voters, with elections organised by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Pakistan</span> Political elections for public offices in Pakistan

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has had an asymmetric federal government and is a federal parliamentary democratic republic. At the national level, the people of Pakistan elect a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan. The parliament consists of a lower house called the National Assembly, which is elected directly, and an upper house called the Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The head of government, the Prime Minister, is elected by the majority members of the National Assembly and the head of state, the President, is elected by the Electoral College, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the four provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Rwanda</span> Political elections for public offices in Rwanda

Elections in Rwanda take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President and majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected, whilst the Senate is indirectly elected and partly appointed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Eswatini</span> Political elections for public offices in Eswatini

The Parliament of Eswatini is bicameral, consisting of a lower chamber and an upper one. Some of the members of both chambers are elected, while the rest are appointed by the King of Eswatini. Election is by secret ballot in a first-past-the-post system of voting. Members of both chambers serve for five-year terms. All candidates run on a non-partisan basis, as political parties are banned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Senate (Burundi)</span>

The Senate is the upper chamber of Parliament in Burundi. It consists of between 39 and 56 members who serve 5-year terms. The current Senate was elected on 20 July 2020 and consists of 39 members.

Government in Australia is elected by universal suffrage and Australian women participate in all levels of the government of the nation. In 1902, the newly formed Commonwealth of Australia became the first nation on earth to enact equal suffrage, enabling women to both vote and stand for election alongside men Women have been represented in Australian state parliaments since 1921, and in the Federal Parliament since 1943. The first female leader of an Australian State or Territory was elected in 1989, and the first female Prime Minister took office in 2010. In 2019 for the first time, a majority of members of the Australian Senate were women. At the time of its foundation in 1901, and again since 1952, Australia has had a female monarch as ceremonial Head of State, while the first female Governor of an Australian State was appointed in 1991, and the first female Governor-General of Australia took office in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliament of Rwanda</span> National legislature of Rwanda

The Parliament of Rwanda has consisted of two chambers since 2003:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alain Destexhe</span> Belgian liberal politician

Alain Destexhe is a Belgian politician. He was a senator from 1995 to 2011, and remained a member of the Brussels Regional Parliament until 2019. Destexhe was a member of the liberal Mouvement Réformateur (MR) and represented Belgium in the World Economic Forum. He was awarded the Prize for Liberty by Nova Civitas in 2006. He was Secretary-General of Médecins Sans Frontières from 1991 to 1995, and President of the International Crisis Group from 1997 to October 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Assembly (Thailand)</span> Bicameral national legislature of Thailand

The National Assembly of Thailand is the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Thailand. It convenes in the Sappaya-Sapasathan, Dusit District, Bangkok.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burundi</span> Country in central Africa

Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and East Africa. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital cities are Gitega and Bujumbura, the latter being the country's largest city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Parliament of Somalia</span> Bicameral national legislature of Somalia

The Federal Parliament of Somalia is the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is based in the capital Mogadishu and is bicameral, consisting of an Upper House (Senate) and a Lower House.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judith Kanakuze</span> Rwandan politician and womens rights activist

Judith Kanakuze was a Rwandan politician and women's rights activist best known for passing legislation against gender-based violence, including Rwanda's first legal definition of rape, and contributing constitutional gender quotas that required women's representation in governmental bodies. She worked in multiple fields, including nutrition and civil service, before becoming a prominent leader of women after the 1994 Rwandan genocide, in which she lost most of her extended family. Kanakuze founded the early women's organization Réseau des Femmes and represented women's interests at the Arusha Accords and on Rwanda's committee to establish a constitution. The gender quotas that required women to compose at least 30 percent of governmental bodies subsequently quickly spurred women's participation to exceed the quotas in parliament. She was elected to Parliament in 2003 and reelected in 2008. During her terms, she presided over the Rwanda Women Parliamentary Forum.

References

  1. 1 2 Parliament of Rwanda. "MUKABARANGA Agnés". Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Wuerth, Hans M. (20 April 2004). "The people of Rwanda deserve our support". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 Uwiyingirimana, Clement (22 March 2013). "Political parties elect new boss". The New Times . Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  4. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. pp. 299–300. ISBN   978-9970-02-089-8.
  5. Economist (29 May 2003). "Rwanda's new constitution: The fear of majority rule" . Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  6. Nunley, Albert C. "Elections in Rwanda". African Elections Database. Retrieved 9 February 2013.