Cohen syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with varied expression, characterised by obesity, intellectual disability, distinct craniofacial abnormalities and potential ocular dysfunction.
Blepharophimosis-ptosis-esotropia-syndactyly-short stature syndrome is a very rare genetic and congenital disorder which is characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, V-esotropia, foot syndactyly, extra-ocular and frontal muscles weakness, low height/short stature, prognathism, and synophrys.
Guizar-Vasquez-Sanchez-Manzano syndrome is an extremely rare genetic and congenital disorder that is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, pectus carinatum, and joint hypermobility. Only 2 cases have ever been reported in medical literature, with both of those cases coming from siblings of the same family.
Lowry-Wood syndrome, also simply known as LWS, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by dysplasia of the epiphysis, low height/short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, and congenital nystagmus. Less common features include coxa vara and retinitis pigmentosa. Only 10 cases of this disorder have been described in medical literature. This disorder is associated with mutations in the RNU4ATAC gene, on chromosome 2q14.2
Verloes Van Maldergem Marneffe syndrome, also known as microspherophakia-metaphyseal dysplasia is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by flattened and deformed vertebrae, developmental delay, dysplasia of the epiphyses and metaphyses, lens coloboma and dislocation, microspherophakia, nearsightedness, retinal detachment, and spinal stenosis. It has been described in a father and his son, and is thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It's thought to be caused by mutations in the IRF6 gene.
Feigenbaum Bergeron Richardson syndrome, also known as Atherosclerosis-deafness-diabetes-epilepsy-nephropathy syndrome is a very rare fatal genetic disorder which is characterized by atherosclerosis, hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, progressive neurological deterioration and nephropathy. This disorder has been described in two brothers, and it is thought to be inherited in either an autosomal or X-linked recessive manner. No new cases have been reported since 1994. People with this disorder don't usually live beyond 30 to 40 years of age.
Cleft palate short stature vertebral anomalies, also known as Mathieu-De Broca-Bony syndrome, is a very rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which is characterized by congenital cleft palate, facial dysmorphisms, short stature and neck, vertebral abnormalities and intellectual disabilities. It is thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
Al-Gazali-Donnai-Mueller syndrome, also known as Hirschsprung's disease, hypoplastic nails, and minor dysmorphic features syndrome is a rare and deadly genetic disorder which is characterized by Hirschsprung's disease, nail and distal limb hypoplasia, flat facies, upslanting palpebral fissures, narrow philtrum, high palate, micrognathia and low-set ears. No more new cases have been reported in medical literature since 1988. It is a type of Hirschsprung's syndrome.
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome is a rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which is characterized by developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia and heart, urinary, and gastrointestinal abnormalities.
Gustavson syndrome, also known as Severe X-linked intellectual disability, Gustavson type, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, microcephaly, developmental delay, optic atrophy-induced severe vision impairment/loss, severe hearing loss, spasticity, epilepsy, hypomobility of major joints, facial dysmorphisms, and premature death. Some other frequent symptoms include severe postnatal growth retardation, infantile apnea, brain atrophy, dilation of the fourth cerebral ventricle, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, and a small fontanelle. This disorder was first discovered in 1993, by Gustavson et al., when they described 7 male children from a 2-generation family, these children had the symptoms mentioned above, and they came to the conclusion that this case was part of a novel X-linked recessive syndrome. No new cases have been reported since then (1993).
Cryptorchidism-arachnodactyly-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare multi-systemic genetic disorder of unknown prevalence which is characterized by psycho-motor developmental delay, severe intellectual disabilities, severe muscle hypoplasia, absence of subcutaneous fat, generalized contractures, dolichocephaly, esotropia, asymmetric ears, and high palate, kyphoscoliosis, unilateral hypoplasia of the bronchial system, recurrent respiratory tract infections, atelectasis, arachnodactyly, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and testicular agenesis. No new cases have been reported since 1970.
Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder which is characterized by either microphthalmia or anophthalmia, osseous synostosis, ectrodactylism, polydactylism, and syndactylism. So far, 29 cases from families in Brazil, Italy, Turkey, and Lebanon have been reported worldwide. This condition is caused by homozygous mutations in the SMOC1 gene, in chromosome 14.
Infantile spasms-broad thumbs syndrome, also known as Tsao Ellingson syndrome, is a very rare and deadly hereditary disorder which is characterized by severe developmental delays, microcephaly, large anterior fontanel, hypertelorism, down-slanting eyes, beaked nose, micrognathia, broad thumbs and big toes, and flexion/extension spasms. Additional features include agenesis of the corpus callosum, bilateral cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mild brain wasting, ventriculomegaly, and hydrocele.
Blepharophimosis intellectual disability syndromes are a group of rare genetic disorders which are characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, and intellectual disabilities. These disorders usually follow either autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, x-linked recessive, or mitochondrial inheritance patterns.
Tranebjaerg–Svejgaard syndrome, also known as X-linked mental retardation associated with psoriasis is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by intellectual disabilities, psychomotor development delays, seizures, psoriasis, and cranio-facial dysmorphisms. It is a type of X-linked syndromic intellectual disability. Only 4 cases have been described in medical literature.
Autism with port-wine stain syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by the unilateral presence of a port-wine stain, autism/autistic-like behaviour that is associated with social awkwardness, developmental delays, and language/speech delay, and epilepsy. Additional findings include generalized cerebral glucose hypometabolism. It has been described in four un-related children.
Microcornea, glaucoma, and absent frontal sinuses is a very rare developmental genetic disorder that occurs during embryogenesis which is characterized by a combination of microcornea, glaucoma and missing/underdeveloped sinuses. Additional findings include increased palmar skin thickness and torus palatinus. It has been described in four members of a 3-generation family from Boston, Massachusetts (1969).
Proud syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, corpus callosum agenesis, epilepsy, and spasticity. It is a type of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability.
Thoracic dysplasia-hydrocephalus syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by shortening of the ribs, narrowing of the chest, mild shortening of the limbs (rhizomelia), hydrocephalus, and variable developmental delays. It has been described in two siblings born to consanguineous Pakistani parents.
Histidinuria-renal tubular defect syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by histidinuria associated with the intestines' and the renal tubule's impaired ability of absorbing histidine. Additional findings include intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, and mild congenital variations. Only five cases from four families have been described in medical literature.
