After independence in 1964,Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with NATO countries. Since 1971,the country sought relations with the rest of the world,including communist countries in Eastern Europe and the non-aligned countries.
The politics of Vanuatu take place within the framework of a constitutional democracy. The constitution provides for a representative parliamentary system. The head of the Republic is an elected President. The Prime Minister of Vanuatu is the head of government.
In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government,a reserve power,also known as discretionary power,is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch or part of the government. Unlike in a presidential system of government,the head of state is generally constrained by the cabinet or the legislature in a parliamentary system,and most reserve powers are usable only in certain exceptional circumstances.
The president of Malta is the constitutional head of state of Malta. The President is indirectly elected by the House of Representatives of Malta,which appoints the president for a five-year term and requires them to swear an oath to "preserve,protect and defend" the Constitution. The President of Malta also resides directly or indirectly in all three branches of the state. They are part of Parliament and responsible for the appointment of the judiciary. Executive authority is nominally vested in the President,but is in practice exercised by the Prime Minister.
Sir Geoffrey Winston Russell Palmer is a New Zealand lawyer,legal academic,and former politician,who was a member of Parliament from 1979 to 1990. He served as the 33rd prime minister of New Zealand for a little over a year,from August 1989 until September 1990,leading the Fourth Labour Government. As Minister of Justice from 1984 to 1989,Palmer was responsible for considerable reforms of the country's legal and constitutional framework,such as the creation of the Constitution Act 1986,New Zealand Bill of Rights,Imperial Laws Application Act,and the State Sector Act. He served as president of the New Zealand Law Commission,from 2005 to 2010.
The prime minister of Malta is the head of government,which is the highest official of Malta. The Prime Minister chairs Cabinet meetings,and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The Prime Minister holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the Parliament,as such they sit as Members of Parliament.
Michael Frendo is a former Maltese politician who currently is a lawyer and consultant. Previously he served in the government of Malta in various functions including as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2004 to 2008 and Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta from 2010 to 2013. He is from Floriana brother of Henry Frendo.
Shunmugam Jayakumar,often known as S. Jayakumar,is a Singaporean former politician,diplomat,lawyer and author who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore between 2004 and 2009. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP),he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bedok SMC between 1980 and 1988,the Bedok division of Bedok GRC between 1988 and 1997,and later East Coast GRC between 1997 and 2011.
The prime minister of Mauritius is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers,which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the National Assembly for any advice given and for all action done by or under the authority of any minister in the execution of his office.
The vice president of the Philippines is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected by the people and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials,the other being the president.
The current Constitution of Malta was adopted as a legal order on 21 September 1964,and is the self-declared supreme law of the land. Therefore,any law or action in violation of the Constitution is null and void. Being a rigid constitution,it has a three-tier entrenchment basis in order for any amendments to take place.
Zoran Jolevski is a Macedonian diplomat and the former Minister of Defense of the Republic of Macedonia. Prior to his appointment as Minister of Defense,he served as Macedonia's Ambassador to the United States of America. In November 2008,he was appointed chief negotiator to the Macedonia naming dispute,and in 2011 he was appointed Ambassador to the United Mexican States and as Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States. He served as Secretary General of the late Macedonian president Boris Trajkovski from 2000–2004. He holds a Ph.D. in International Economy from Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje. He is married to Suzana Jolevska,and together they have two sons,Pero (1988) and Filip (1992).
The government of Niger is the apparatus through which authority functions and is exercised:the governing apparatus of Nigerien state. The current system of governance,since the Constitution of 25 November 2010,is termed the Seventh Republic of Niger. It is a semi-presidential republic,whereby the President of Niger is head of state and the Prime Minister of Niger head of government. The officials holding these posts are chosen through a representative democratic process of national and local elections,in the context of a competing multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature:its Constitutional Court has jurisdiction over constitutional and electoral matters.
George William Vella is a Maltese politician who has served as president of Malta since 2019. A member of the Labour Party,he previously served as deputy prime minister of Malta and foreign affairs minister from 1996 to 1998 under prime minister Alfred Sant. In 2013,he returned as foreign affairs minister,an office he held until 2017 under prime minister Joseph Muscat.
Gamini Lakshman Peiris is a Sri Lankan politician and academic. He was the Cabinet Minister of External Affairs and is a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from the National List. He was also the State Minister of Defense on the 18th of April 2022,serving until 11 July 2022. He previously served as the Minister of Education,Minister of Justice in previous Sri Lankan Governments. He belongs to the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna,serving as its chairperson.
Māris Riekstiņš is a Latvian politician and diplomat and a former Foreign Minister of Latvia. He is the current Ambassador of Latvia to the Russian Federation.
Miroslav Cerar Jr. is a Slovenian law professor and politician. He was Prime Minister of Slovenia,leading the 12th Government. He served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 13th Government. He is a full professor at the Chair of Theory and Sociology of Law at the University of Ljubljana Faculty of Law.
The Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Australia to the World Trade Organization is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Permanent Mission of the Commonwealth of Australia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva,Switzerland. The position has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and continues Australia's representation to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,as a charter member joining the WTO to replace the GATT on 1 January 1995. The Permanent Mission to the WTO is based with the Australian Permanent Mission and Consulate-General in Geneva. Prior to 1973,the role of Australia's representative on the GATT was filled by the Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations Office in Geneva.
Japan–Malta relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Japan and Malta. Their diplomatic relations were established in 1965.
Francis Zammit Dimech is a Maltese politician who served in domestic Maltese politics as a member of the House of Representatives of Malta between 1987 and 2017 and as a Member of the European Parliament from 2017 till 2019. During his tenure within Maltese politics,Zammit Dimech held office as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the government of Lawrence Gonzi from 28 November 2012,until the defeat of Gonzi's government in the 2013 Maltese general election. He previously held numerous other ministerial responsibilities including communications,infrastructure,tourism,culture,and environment. Before being appointed Foreign Affairs Minister he served as Chair of the Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee. Prior to entering politics,Francis Zammit Dimech worked as a lawyer and broadcaster.
