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The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker and debt manager,and still one of the bankers for the Government of the United Kingdom,it is the world's eighth-oldest bank.
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23,1913,with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act,after a series of financial panics led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Over the years,events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution which is owned by member central banks. Its primary goal is to foster international monetary and financial cooperation while serving as a bank for central banks. With its establishment in 1930 it is the oldest international financial institution. Its initial purpose was to oversee the settlement of World War I war reparations.
The Reserve Bank of India is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system. Owned by the Ministry of Finance,Government of the Republic of India,it is responsible for the control,issue and maintaining supply of the Indian rupee. It also manages the country's main payment systems and works to promote its economic development.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is Australia's central bank and banknote issuing authority. It has had this role since 14 January 1960,when the Reserve Bank Act 1959 removed the central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank.
The Bank of Spain is Spain's central bank and the Spanish member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Spain from 1874 to 1998,issuing the Spanish peseta. Since 2014,it has also been Spain's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It was originally established by Charles III in Madrid in 1782,as the Banco Nacional de San Carlos,and took its current name in 1856. Its activity is regulated by the Bank of Spain Autonomy Act. The bank doesn't translate its name to English but uses its Spanish name in all English communications.
The Bank of Uganda is the central bank of Uganda. Established in 1966,by Act of Parliament,the bank is wholly owned by the government but is not a government department.
The Bank of Tanzania is the central bank of the United Republic of Tanzania. It is responsible for issuing the national currency,the Tanzanian shilling.
The Saudi Central Bank,previously known as the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority,established in 1952,is the central bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Despite the name change in 2020,the Saudi Central Bank has continued to use the same acronym (SAMA).
The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is the central bank of Zimbabwe and is headquartered in Harare.
The Central Bank of Libya (CBL) is the monetary authority in Libya. It has the status of an autonomous corporate body. The law establishing the CBL stipulates that the objectives of the central bank shall be to maintain monetary stability in Libya and to promote the sustained growth of the economy in accordance with the general economic policy of the state.
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is the central bank and apex monetary authority of Nigeria established by the CBN Act of 1958 and commenced operations on 1 July 1959. The major regulatory objectives of the bank as stated in the CBN Act are to:maintain the external reserves of the country;promote monetary stability and a sound financial environment,and act as a banker of last resort and financial adviser to the federal government. The central bank's role as lender of last resort and adviser to the federal government has sometimes pushed it into murky political controversies. After the end of colonial rule,the desire of the government to become proactive in the development of the economy became visible,especially after the end of the Nigerian civil war,the bank followed the government's desire and took a determined effort to supplement any show shortfalls,credit allocations to the real sector. The bank became involved in lending directly to consumers,contravening its original intention to work through commercial banks in activities involving consumer lending.
The Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) is the monetary authority of Kenya. Its head office is located in Nairobi. CBK was founded by in 1966 after the dissolution of East African Currency Board (EACB). Dr. Kamau Thugge,CBS is the current Governor and Dr. Susan Koech is the Deputy Governor.
Ajith Nivard Cabraal is a Sri Lankan accountant and politician who was also the 16th Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. He is also the former State Minister of Finance,Capital Markets and State Enterprise Reforms and a former national list member of parliament from 2020 to 2021. He served as the Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka,holding the post from 1 July 2006 until his resignation on 9 January 2015. He again became the Governor of Central Bank of Sri Lanka in September 2021,replacing W. D. Lakshman,and resigned again in April 2022.
Jessica Noelle Calalang is an American pair skater. With her current partner Brian Johnson,she is a three-time U.S. national silver medalist (2020–22) and a three-time Challenger series medalist,including gold at the 2019 CS Warsaw Cup. Earlier in her career,she skated with Zack Sidhu,winning three medals on the ISU Challenger Series.
Zack Sidhu is an American pair skater. With Jessica Calalang,he won three medals on the ISU Challenger Series –bronze at the 2014 CS Skate Canada Autumn Classic and silver at the 2014 and 2016 CS U.S. International Classic. The pair also won silver at the 2013 International Cup of Nice.
The 2017 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 14–22 at the Sprint Center in Kansas City,Missouri and Silverstein Eye Centers Arena in Independence,Missouri. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles,ladies singles,pair skating,and ice dancing at the senior,junior,novice,intermediate,and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2017 Four Continents,2017 World Junior Championships,and the 2017 World Championships.
Brian Johnson is a retired American pair skater. With Jessica Calalang,he is a three-time U.S. national silver medalist (2020–22) and a three-time Challenger series medalist,including gold at the 2019 CS Warsaw Cup.
Ciriaco S. "Acoy" Calalang was a Philippine legal academic and politician representing Kabalikat ng Mamamayan.
References
- ↑ "Central Bank Governors". Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas . Retrieved August 29, 2011.