Alfred Theodore MacConkey (1861-17 May 1931) was the British bacteriologist who developed MacConkey's agar, a selective medium that is used in the diagnosis of enteric pathogens. He was born McConkey but appears to have spelled his name "MacConkey" from at least 1881 and in all his published papers [1]
MacConkey was the youngest of six children born to West Derby minister Andrew McConkey and wife Margaret. He matriculated at Liverpool Collegiate Institution in 1880, studied Natural Sciences at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and Medicine at Guy's Hospital, completing his studies in 1889.
He initially went into private practice at Beckenham, Kent, but after illness decided to specialize in bacteriology, joining the bacteriology department at Guy's Hospital in 1897. [2] This is where he started to develop the culture medium that bears his name. His contemporaries included Herbert Durham.
In 1899 he became an assistant bacteriologist serving the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal in Liverpool under Rubert Boyce at University College, Liverpool. He continued working on the medium. He mainly published single-author papers but would credit Liverpool contemporaries such as Harriette Chick for advice.
In 1901 he married Henrietta Dixon and transferred to the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine where the work on the medium was completed with suggestions from the Liverpool laboratory for the inclusion of neutral red and crystal violet. [3]
In 1906 he became responsible for the Serum Department and was heavily involved in production of antiserum for both diphtheria and tetanus, the latter being especially important for treatment of battlefield injuries during the First World War. He succeeded, as requested, in making the department profitable although some questioned his authoritarian management style. [4]
MacConkey retired in 1926 and died childless in 1931 at Brindley Heath, Surrey. His estate of £11,485 was left first for the use of his wife, unless she became or married a Roman Catholic, and residuary of his estate used for annuities for "needy gentlewomen not belonging to the Roman Catholic faith." [5]
Frederick Griffith (1877–1941) was a British bacteriologist whose focus was the epidemiology and pathology of bacterial pneumonia. In January 1928 he reported what is now known as Griffith's Experiment, the first widely accepted demonstrations of bacterial transformation, whereby a bacterium distinctly changes its form and function.
Dame Harriette Chick DBE was a British microbiologist, protein scientist and nutritionist. She is best remembered for demonstrating the roles of sunlight and cod liver oil in preventing rickets.
MacConkey agar is a selective and differential culture medium for bacteria. It is designed to selectively isolate Gram-negative and enteric bacteria and differentiate them based on lactose fermentation. Lactose fermenters turn red or pink on McConkey agar, and nonfermenters do not change color. The media inhibits growth of Gram-positive organisms with crystal violet and bile salts, allowing for the selection and isolation of gram-negative bacteria. The media detects lactose fermentation by enteric bacteria with the pH indicator phenol red.
The Croonian Medal and Lecture is a prestigious award given at the invitation of the Royal Society of London and the Royal College of Physicians.
The Harveian Oration is a yearly lecture held at the Royal College of Physicians of London. It was instituted in 1656 by William Harvey, discoverer of the systemic circulation. Harvey made financial provision for the college to hold an annual feast on St. Luke's Day at which an oration would be delivered in Latin to praise the college's benefactors and to exhort the Fellows and Members of this college to search and study out the secrets of nature by way of experiment. Until 1865, the Oration was given in Latin, as Harvey had specified, and known as the Oratio anniversaria; but it was thereafter spoken in English. Many of the lectures were published in book form.
The Lumleian Lectures are a series of annual lectures started in 1582 by the Royal College of Physicians of London and currently run by the Lumleian Trust. The name commemorates John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, who with Richard Caldwell of the College endowed the lectures, initially confined to surgery, but now on general medicine. William Harvey did not announce his work on the circulation of the blood in the Lumleian Lecture for 1616 although he had some partial notes on the heart and blood which led to the discovery of the circulation ten years later. By that time ambitious plans for a full anatomy course based on weekly lectures had been scaled back to a lecture three times a year.
Major-General Sir Robert McCarrison, CIE, FRCP was a Northern Ireland physician and nutritionist in the Indian Medical Service, who was made a Companion of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1923, received a knighthood in July 1933, and was appointed as Honourable Physician to the King in 1935.
The Bradshaw Lectures are prestigious lectureships given at the invitation of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Henry Roy Dean, MD, LL.D, D.Sc, FRCP, also known as Prof. H. R. Dean, was a professor of Pathology at the University of Cambridge and Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
Arthur Max Barrett, MD, also known as Dr. A. M. Barrett, was a university morbid anatomist and histologist at the University of Cambridge, and an honorary consulting pathologist to the United Cambridge Hospitals and to the East Anglian Regional Hospital Board. He wrote numerous works, often cited in medical literature. The Barrett Room at Addenbrooke's Hospital is named in his honour, as is a Prize for the undergraduate Part II Pathology Tripos at the University of Cambridge. He was the father of Syd Barrett, a founding member of the band Pink Floyd.
Frederick George Novy was an American bacteriologist, organic chemist, and instructor.
Allan Macfadyen was a Scottish bacteriologist, a pioneer in immunization against bacterial infection.
Walter Myers BSc, MA, MB BChir, MRCS, LRCP was a British physician, toxicologist and parasitologist who died of yellow fever aged 28 while studying the disease in Brazil.
John William Watson Stephens FRS (1865–1946) was a British parasitologist and expert on tropical diseases.
Stewart Ranken Douglas FRS was a British pathologist, bacteriologist and immunologist.
Sir William Errington Hume was a British physician and cardiologist.
Sir Edward Johnson Wayne was an English physician, biochemist, thyroidologist, and professor of medicine.
Harold Leeming Sheehan (1900–1988) was a British physician, pathologist, and professor of pathology.
Malcolm Davenport Milne (1915–1991) was an English physician and nephrologist.