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Shehu Usman ɗan Fodiopronunciation was a Fulani scholar,Islamic religious teacher,revolutionary and a philosopher who founded the Sokoto Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph. After the successful revolution,the "Jama'a" gave him the title Amir al-Mu'minin. He rejected the throne and continued calling to Islam.
Sokoto is a major city located in extreme northwestern Nigeria,near the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2006 it has a population of over 427,760. Sokoto is the modern-day capital of Sokoto State and was previously the capital of the north-western states.
The Fulani War of 1804–1808,also known as the Fulani Jihad or Jihad of Usman dan Fodio,was a military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The war began when Usman Dan Fodiyo,a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher,was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa,one of his former students.
The Sokoto Caliphate,also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto,was a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa. It was founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Hausa Kingdoms in the Fulani War. The boundaries of the caliphate are part of present-day Cameroon,Burkina Faso,Niger,and Nigeria. By 1837,the Sokoto state had a population of around 10-20 plus million people,becoming the most populous empire in West Africa. It was dissolved when the British and Germans conquered the area in 1903 and annexed it into the newly established Northern Nigeria Protectorate and Kamerun respectively.
Muhammadu Bellopronunciation was the second Sultan of Sokoto and reigned from 1817 until 1837. He was also an active writer of history,poetry,and Islamic studies. He was the son and primary aide to Usman dan Fodio,the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate and the first Sultan. During his reign,he encouraged the spread of Islam throughout the region,increasing education for both men and women,and the establishment of Islamic courts. He died on October 25,1837,and was succeeded by his brother Abu Bakr Atiku and then his son,Aliyu Babba.
SokotoState is one of the 36 states of Nigeria,located in the extreme northwest of the country on the national border with the Republic of the Niger. Its capital and largest city is the city of Sokoto. Sokoto is located near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2005 it has an estimated population of more than 4.2 million.
Zamfara is a state in northwestern Nigeria. The capital of Zamfara state is Gusau and its current Governor is Dauda Lawal. Until 1996,the area was part of Sokoto State.
Gwandu,also called Gando,is a town and emirate in Kebbi State,Nigeria. The seat of government for the emirate and district of this name is in Birnin Kebbi,which is the capital of Kebbi State and was capital of the historical Kingdom of Kebbi. Founded in the sixteenth century by the Kabbawa,a Hausa people Gwandu today acts as one of the four emirates composing Kebbi State.
Gidado dan Laima (1817–1842) also known as Waziri Gidado was the first known Grand Vizier of the Sokoto Caliphate,he was vizier of Sokoto during the sultanship of Muhammed Bello. He was the founder of the popular line of viziers known as the Gidado line;some of his descendants include Waziri Junaid and Abd al-Qadir (Sokoto),and in extension,Gidado Idris who was once Nigeria’s Secretary to the Government.
Yunfapronunciation was a king of Gobir,a city-state in Hausaland in what is now Nigeria. He was the son of a Sultan of Gobir Nafata. He is particularly remembered for his conflict with Islamic reformer Shaikh Usman dan Fodio.
The Battle of Tsuntua,fought in December 1804,was one of the largest battles of the Fulani War.
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Birnin Kebbi is a city located in Northwestern Nigeria It is the capital city of Kebbi State and headquarter of the Gwandu Emirate. As at 2007 the city had an estimated population of 125,594 people. Kebbi is mostly a Hausa and Fulani state,with Islam as the major religion. Formerly it was the capital of the Kebbi Emirate,which relocated to Argungu after the conquest by Gwandu in 1831. The town remained the capital of Kebbi until 1805,when it was burned in the Fulani jihad by Abdullahi dan Fodio,a brother of the jihad leader and later Emir of Gwandu. After Birnin Kebbi was incorporated into the Fulani Emirate of Gwandu,it was eclipsed in political importance by Gwandu (Gando) town,30 miles east,and as a caravan and riverside market centre by Jega,20 miles southeast,which lay at the head of navigation on the Zamfara River,a tributary of the Sokoto. Ironically,while Argungu became the traditional seat of the king of Kebbi in 1827,Birnin Kebbi served as the Gwandu emirate headquarters after Emir Haliru was inaugurated there in 1906. Birnin Kebbi became the capital of the newly created Nigerian state of Kebbi in 1991.
Mallam Abdullahi ɗan Fodiopronunciation,a prominent Islamic scholar,jurist,poet and theologian,was the first Amir of Gwandu and first Grand Vizier of Sokoto. His brother,Usman dan Fodio (1754–1817) was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate. Usman,being more of a scholar than politician,delegated the practical regency of the western part of his empire to Abdullahi and the eastern part to his son Muhammed Bello,who later became the Sultan of Sokoto after his father.
The Kebbi Emirate,also known as the Argungu Emirate is a traditional state based on the town of Argungu in Kebbi State,Nigeria. It is the successor to the ancient Hausa kingdom of Kebbi. The Emirate is one of four in Kebbi State,the others being the Gwandu Emirate,Yauri Emirate and Zuru Emirate.
Ummarun Dallaje was the 39th Islamic Leader of Katsina,the first Fulani emir,as well as the patriarch of the Dallazawa dynasty. He became Amirul Muminin after the Jihad of Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo,succeeding Magajin Haladu,the last ruler of the centuries-old Habe dynasty,which founded by founded by Muhammadu Korau. Ummaru was succeeded by his son Saddiku.
Ahmadu Atiku also known as Ahmadu Zarruku was Sultan of Sokoto from 1859 to 1866. Prior to becoming Sultan,he was head of the Abu Bakr Atiku branch of Uthman Dan Fodio's family and held the title of Sarkin Zamfara with responsibilities for Sokoto town and south-east Sokoto. Atiku established the military settlement (ribat) at Chimmola which was across the valley from the town of Wurno and which he used as the seat of government.
Umaru bin Ali (c.1824–1891) was Sultan of Sokoto from 3 October 1881 to 25 March 1891. He succeeded Sultan Mu'azu after the latter's death in September 1881. Ali was a great grandson of Uthman dan Fodio,grandson of Muhammed Bello and son of Aliyu Babba.
The Battle of Gawakuke was an engagement fought between the Sokoto Caliphate and the Gobir city-state at Gawakuke in northern Nigeria on 9 March 1836. The battle was a victory for Sokoto,and secured the Gobir kingdom's subordination to the caliphate.
Hausa literature is any work written in the Hausa language. It includes poetry,prose,songwriting,music,and drama. Hausa literature includes folk literature,much of which has been transcribed,and provides a means of recording,preserving,and transmitting knowledge,especially in regard to social,psychological,spiritual,or political roles.
References
- ↑ Abubakar, Sa'ad (1974). "The Emirate-Type of Government in the Sokoto Caliphate". Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 7 (2): 215. ISSN 0018-2540. JSTOR 41857009.
- ↑ Sifawa, Prof Attahiru Ahmad (2022-12-25). "THE SOKOTO JIHAD AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL COMMUNITIES IN WEST AFRICA". Journal of Religious Thoughts. 1 (2): 3. ISSN 2957-8957.
- ↑ S J Hogben (1930). The Muhammadan Emirates Of Nigeria.
- ↑ Last, Murray (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Internet Archive. [New York] Humanities Press. p. 67.
- ↑ Adamu, Abdalla Uba. Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria Past, Present, and Future (PDF). pp. 288–299.
- 1 2 3 Last, Murray (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Internet Archive. [New York] Humanities Press. pp. 33–40.
- ↑ "Tafkin Kwatto: Tale Of 19th Century Sokoto Jihad Lake". Daily Trust. 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ↑ Last, Murray (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Internet Archive. [New York] Humanities Press. p. 156.
- ↑ Last, Murray (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Internet Archive. [New York] Humanities Press. p. 100.
- ↑ Kimba, Idrissa (2017-08-08). Niger: Les intellectuels, l'état et la société (in French). CODESRIA. p. 22. ISBN 978-2-86978-708-7.