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The first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus provides external information on some people and events found in the New Testament. The extant manuscripts of Josephus' book Antiquities of the Jews, written around AD 93–94, contain two references to Jesus of Nazareth and one reference to John the Baptist.
Flavius Josephus or Yosef ben Mattityahu was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader. Best known for writing The Jewish War, he was born in Jerusalem—then part of the Roman province of Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.
Simon Magus, also known as Simon the Sorcerer or Simon the Magician, was a religious figure whose confrontation with Peter is recorded in the Acts of the Apostles. The act of simony, or paying for position, is named after Simon, who tried to buy his way into the power of the Apostles.
The Roman historian and senator Tacitus referred to Jesus, his execution by Pontius Pilate, and the existence of early Christians in Rome in his final work, Annals, book 15, chapter 44.
James the Just, or a variation of James, brother of the Lord, was a "brother" of Jesus, according to the New Testament. He was the first leader of the Jerusalem Church of the Apostolic Age. Traditionally, it is believed he was martyred in AD 62 or 69 by being stoned to death on the order of High Priest Ananus ben Ananus. James, Joses, Simon, and Judas are mentioned as the "brothers" of Jesus as well as two or more unnamed "sisters".
The historicity of Jesus is the question of whether Jesus historically existed. The question of historicity was generally settled in scholarship in the early 20th century. Today scholars agree that a Jewish man named Jesus of Nazareth did exist in the Herodian Kingdom of Judea and the subsequent Herodian tetrarchy in the 1st century AD, upon whose life and teachings Christianity was later constructed, but a distinction is made by scholars between 'the Jesus of history' and 'the Christ of faith'.
Tubal, in Genesis 10, was the name of a son of Japheth, son of Noah. Modern scholarship has identified him with Tabal. Traditionally, he is considered to be the father of the Caucasian Iberians according to primary sources. Later, Saint Jerome refashioned the Caucasian Iberia (Georgia) into the Iberian Peninsula and Isidore of Seville consolidated this idea.
In the Bible, Meshech or Mosoch is named as a son of Japheth in Genesis 10:2 and 1 Chronicles 1:5.
Antiquities of the Jews is a 20-volume historiographical work, written in Greek, by historian Josephus in the 13th year of the reign of Roman emperor Domitian, which was 94 CE. The book contains an account of the history of the Jewish people for Josephus's gentile patrons. In the first ten volumes, Josephus follows the events of the Hebrew Bible beginning with the creation of Adam and Eve.
In Greek mythology, Antiope was an Amazon, daughter of Ares and sister to Melanippe, Hippolyta, Penthesilea and possibly Orithyia, queens of the Amazons. Two sisters, Orithyia and Antiope, co-ruled the Amazons. Antiope may have been the wife of Theseus and mother to his son Hippolytus of Athens, but differing sources claim this was Hippolyta.
The Discourse to the Greeks concerning Hades, also called Against Plato on the Cause of the Universe, is a short treatise believed to be the work of Hippolytus of Rome. It was erroneously attributed to the Jewish historian Josephus since at least the 9th century and was first published in a translation of Josephus' works by William Whiston. As Whiston's translation is in the public domain, it appears in many present-day English editions of Josephus' work without any noting of its erroneous attribution.
Robert H. Whealey is an American historian with expertise on the Spanish Civil War and how it was influenced by Hitler. He is Professor Emeritus of Ohio University He also wrote for the History News Service.
The Slavonic Josephus is an Old East Slavic translation of Flavius Josephus' History of the Jewish War which contains numerous interpolations and omissions that set it apart from all other known versions of Josephus' History. The authenticity of the interpolations was a major subject of controversy in the 20th century, but the latest scholarship has rejected them.
Pseudo-Hegesippus is the conventional name of the anonymous author of De excidio Hierosolymitano, a fourth-century Christian Latin adaptation of The Jewish War of Flavius Josephus. The text itself may also be referred to as "Pseudo-Hegesippus".
Agapiusof Hierapolis, also called Maḥbūb ibn Qusṭanṭīn, was a Melkite Christian historian and the bishop of Manbij. He wrote a universal history in Arabic, the lengthy Kitāb al-ʿunwān. He was a contemporary of the annalist Eutychius, also a Melkite.
Miroslav Marcovich was a Serbian-American philologist and university professor.
Christian sources such as the New Testament books in the Christian Bible, include detailed accounts about Jesus, but scholars differ on the historicity of specific episodes described in the biblical accounts of Jesus. The only two events subject to "almost universal assent" are that Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist and was crucified by the order of the Roman Prefect Pontius Pilate.
Killing Jesus: A History is a 2013 book by Bill O'Reilly and Martin Dugard about the life and crucifixion of Jesus, referred to in the book as Jesus of Nazareth. It is the follow-up to Killing Kennedy and Killing Lincoln. Killing Jesus was released September 24, 2013, through Henry Holt and Company.
Mikhail Moiseyevich Kublanov was a Soviet scholar and historian of religion. Kublanov published about 100 scholarly works on the history of religion and archaeology. He was born in the city of Sebezh, then in the Russian Empire, he graduated from the history department of the Leningrad University. After the discovery of Dead Sea Scrolls Kublanov became one of the Soviet scholars who acknowledge the historicity of Jesus, unlike proponents of the Christ myth theory, like Sergey Kovalev. Kublanov also regarded the Testimonium Flavianum as authentic, writing that the passage, as attested to in Agapius' chronicle, "does not conflict with the political allegiance and religious affiliation of Josephus Flavius, so there is no evidence whatsoever to consider it false". In 1994 Kublanov emigrated to the United States and lived in Philadelphia. His works were also published in Hungary and Poland.
Caesar's Messiah is a 2005 book by Joseph Atwill that argues that the New Testament Gospels were written by a group of individuals connected to the Flavian family of Roman emperors: Vespasian, Titus and Domitian. The authors were mainly Flavius Josephus, Berenice, and Tiberius Julius Alexander, with contributions from Pliny the Elder. Although Vespasian and Titus had defeated Jewish nationalist Zealots in the First Jewish–Roman War of 70 AD, the emperors wanted to control the spread of Judaism and moderate its political virulence and continuing militancy against Rome. Christianity, a pacifist and pro-Roman authority religion, was their solution.
References
- ↑ "Misinformation, disinformation, and bias in Joy Hakim's 'A History of US'". Textbookleague.org. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ↑ "Historical Controversy Cuts Both Ways". Dailycal.org. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ↑ "Department of Demography, UC Berkeley: Alumni Directory". Demog.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ↑ American Historical Association. Institutional Services Program (2006). Directory of history departments, historical organizations, and historians. American Historical Association. p. 1127. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
- ↑ A. Whealey. "Pseudo-Justin's De Resurrectione: Athenagoras or Hippolytus?". Ingentaconnect.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
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