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Montague grammar is an approach to natural language semantics, named after American logician Richard Montague. The Montague grammar is based on mathematical logic, especially higher-order predicate logic and lambda calculus, and makes use of the notions of intensional logic, via Kripke models. Montague pioneered this approach in the 1960s and early 1970s.
Johannes Franciscus Abraham Karel (Johan) van Benthem is a University Professor (universiteitshoogleraar) of logic at the University of Amsterdam at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation and professor of philosophy at Stanford University. He was awarded the Spinozapremie in 1996 and elected a Foreign Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2015.
Richard Milton Martin was an American logician and analytic philosopher.
In logic a branching quantifier, also called a Henkin quantifier, finite partially ordered quantifier or even nonlinear quantifier, is a partial ordering
Jeroen Antonius Gerardus Groenendijk, was a Dutch logician, linguist and philosopher, working on philosophy of language, formal semantics, pragmatics.
Donkey sentences are sentences that contain a pronoun with clear meaning but whose syntactical role in the sentence poses challenges to grammarians. Such sentences defy straightforward attempts to generate their formal language equivalents. The difficulty is with understanding how English speakers parse such sentences.
Frans Zwarts was the rector magnificus of the University of Groningen (2002–2011) and a linguist and professor in the Department of Dutch Language and Culture with a specialty in semantics. His first degree was in general linguistics at the University of Amsterdam, and his PhD was completed at the University of Groningen in 1986 with the dissertation Categoriale grammatica en algebraïsche semantiek; een onderzoek naar negatie en polariteit in het Nederlands. He was appointed professor of Dutch linguistics in Groningen in 1987, and was scientific director of the research school (onderzoekschool) Behavioral & Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN) from 1999 until 2002, when he was elected rector magnificus. He is the president of the National Dyslexia Commission and member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).
Jacob "Jack" Hoeksema is a linguist and professor in the Department of Dutch Language and Culture with a specialities in semantics, morphology, and historical linguistics. His first degree was in Dutch literature and linguistics at the University of Groningen in 1981, and his PhD was completed at the same university in 1984.
Professor Raymond Turner is an English logician, philosopher, and theoretical computer scientist based at the University of Essex. He is best known for his work on logic in computer science and for his pioneering work in the philosophy of computer science. He is on the editorial boards for the Journal of Logic and Computation and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, for Logic, Computation, and Agency.
Formal semantics is the study of grammatical meaning in natural languages using formal tools from logic, mathematics and theoretical computer science. It is an interdisciplinary field, sometimes regarded as a subfield of both linguistics and philosophy of language. It provides accounts of what linguistic expressions mean and how their meanings are composed from the meanings of their parts. The enterprise of formal semantics can be thought of as that of reverse-engineering the semantic components of natural languages' grammars.
Edward Stabler is a Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. His primary areas of research are (1) Natural Language Processing (NLP), (2) Parsing and formal language theory, and (3) Philosophy of Logic and Language. He was a member of the faculty at UCLA from 1984 to 2016. His work involves the production of software for minimalist grammars (MGs) and related systems.
Barbara Kenyon Abbott is an American linguist. She earned her PhD in linguistics in 1976 at the University of California at Berkeley under the supervision of George Lakoff. From 1976 to 2006, she was a professor in the department of linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian, and African languages at Michigan State University, with a joint appointment in philosophy. She is now a Professor Emerita.
Georgia M. Green is an American linguist and academic. She is an emeritus professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research has focused on pragmatics, speaker intention, word order and meaning. She has been an advisory editor for several linguistics journals or publishers and she serves on the usage committee for the American Heritage Dictionary.
Lisa Christine Matthewson is Professor of Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics at University of British Columbia with specialties in pragmatics and semantics. She has also done significant work with semantic fieldwork and in the preservation and oral history of First Nations languages, especially St'át'imcets and Gitksan. Matthewson's appointment at UBC was notable because she was the first female full professor in the department's history.
In formal semantics, the scope of a semantic operator is the semantic object to which it applies. For instance, in the sentence "Paulina doesn't drink beer but she does drink wine," the proposition that Paulina drinks beer occurs within the scope of negation, but the proposition that Paulina drinks wine does not. Scope can be thought of as the semantic order of operations.
Friederike Moltmann is a linguist and philosopher. She has done pioneering work at the intersection of philosophy and linguistics, especially on the interface between metaphysics and natural language semantics, but also on the interface between philosophy of mind and mathematics. She is an important proponent of natural language ontology. She is currently Research Director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris.
Géraldine Legendre is a French-American cognitive scientist and linguist known for her work on French grammar, on mathematical models for the development of syntax in natural languages including harmonic grammar and Optimality Theory, and on universal grammar and innate syntactic ability of humans in natural language. She is a professor of cognitive science at Johns Hopkins University and the chair of the Johns Hopkins Cognitive Science Department.
In formal semantics conservativity is a proposed linguistic universal which states that any determiner must obey the equivalence . For instance, the English determiner "every" can be seen to be conservative by the equivalence of the following two sentences, schematized in generalized quantifier notation to the right.
- Every aardvark bites.
- Every aardvark is an aardvark that bites.
Michael K. Brame was an American linguist known for his contributions to the field. He served as a professor at the University of Washington and was the founding editor of the peer-reviewed research journal, Linguistic Analysis. Brame's work focused on the development of recursive categorical syntax, also referred to as algebraic syntax, which integrated principles from algebra and category theory to analyze sentence structure and linguistic relationships. His framework challenged conventional transformational grammar by advocating for a lexicon-centered approach and emphasizing the connections between words and phrases. Additionally, Brame collaborated with his wife on research investigating the identity of the author behind the name "William Shakespeare", resulting in several publications. His legacy is marked by his impactful contributions to linguistic theory and his exploration of language intricacies.
Noel Burton-Roberts is a British linguist and Emeritus Professor of English Language and Linguistics at Newcastle University. He is known for work ranging over general and English linguistics: architecture of language, semantics, pragmatics, philosophy of language, and English grammar.
References
- 1 2 "Alice ter Meulen", Members, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, archived from the original on 2021-06-26, retrieved 2021-06-26
- 1 2 3 4 Curriculum vitae (PDF), University of Geneva, 2009, retrieved 2021-06-26
- ↑ Reviews of Mathematical Methods in Linguistics: Bill Black, Machine Translation, JSTOR 40006913; Brendan S. Gillon, Canadian Journal of Linguistics, doi:10.1017/S0008413100014857; Lawrence S. Moss, Journal of Symbolic Logic, doi:10.2307/2275199, JSTOR 2275199; Geoffrey K. Pullum, Journal of Linguistics, JSTOR 4176136; Alexis Manaster Ramer, Computational Linguistics,
- ↑ Reviews of Representing Time in Natural Language: Michael Almeida, Minds and Machines, doi:10.1023/A:1008297516853; Sheila Glasbey, Journal of Linguistics, doi:10.1017/S0022226796296574, JSTOR 4176435; Ephraim Nissan, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, ; Rebecca I. Passonneau, Computational Linguistics, ; Anne Reboul, Linguist list, ; Carol Tenny, Language, doi:10.2307/415897, JSTOR 415897
- ↑ Review of Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language: Daniele Mundici, Journal of Symbolic Logic, doi:10.2307/2274377, JSTOR 2274377
- ↑ Reviews of The Representation of (in)definiteness: Jack Hoeksema, Language, doi:10.2307/414845, JSTOR 414845; Peter Ludlow, Journal of Semantics, doi:10.1093/jos/8.3.277
- ↑ Reviews of Handbook of Logic and Language: M. J. Cresswell, Studia Logica, JSTOR 20016114; Brendan S. Gillon, Canadian Journal of Linguistics, doi:10.1017/S0008413100022763; Natasha Kurtonina, Journal of Logic, Language, and Information, JSTOR 40180211
- ↑ Review of The Composition of Meaning: Michael T. Putnam, Journal of Germanic Linguistics, doi:10.1017/S1470542706220063
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