Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Symptoms include fever, weakness and headache. Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. In the bubonic form there is also swelling of lymph nodes, while in the septicemic form tissues may turn black and die, and in the pneumonic form shortness of breath, cough and chest pain may occur.
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host's cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens: 20 to 30% of foodborne listeriosis infections in high-risk individuals may be fatal. Responsible for an estimated 1,600 illnesses and 260 deaths in the United States annually, listeriosis ranks third in total number of deaths among foodborne bacterial pathogens, with fatality rates exceeding even Salmonella spp. and Clostridium botulinum. In the European Union, listeriosis follows an upward trend that began in 2008, causing 2,161 confirmed cases and 210 reported deaths in 2014, 16% more than in 2013. Listeriosis mortality rates are also higher in the EU than for other foodborne pathogens.
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore of major economic importance in agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include such a wide range of organisms as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather and animals can spread canker, thereby endangering areas that have only slight amount of canker.
Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium mainly found in areas with a warm climate. This bacterium can be found in fresh or brackish water. It can survive in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and can digest materials such as gelatin and hemoglobin. A. hydrophila was isolated from humans and animals in the 1950s. It is the most well known of the species of Aeromonas. It is resistant to most common antibiotics and cold temperatures and is oxidase- and indole-positive. Aeromonas hydrophila also has a symbiotic relationship as gut flora inside of certain leeches, such as Hirudo medicinalis.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils. It causes anaplasmosis in sheep and cattle, also known as tick-borne fever and pasture fever, and also causes the zoonotic disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis.
Klebsiella aerogenes, previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium. The bacterium is approximately 1-3 microns in length, and is capable of motility via peritrichous flagella.
A bacillus, or bacilliform bacterium, is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus Bacillus. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus at all. Bacilliform bacteria are also often simply called rods when the bacteriologic context is clear.
Haloplasma contractile is a halophilic, cell wall-less bacterium. It is the only known representative of a deep lineage, and is classified in its own family (Haloplasmataceae) and order (Haloplasmatales), in the class Mollicutes. In terms of genetics, the bacterium Haloplasma contractile contains a dcwgene cluster is responsible for containing all the genes of the organism and promoting peptidoglycan synthesis. Also, MreB/Mbl are specific homologous parts of this bacterium that are vital in the contractility of the cell. In regards to its physical attributes, this organism consists of a spherical body with approximately two protrusions which alternate between straight and contracted forms.
Bacteria and Archaea are classified by direct examination with the light microscope according to their morphology and arrangement.
Helicobacter cinaedi is a bacterium in the family Helicobacteraceae, Campylobacterales order, Helicobacteraceae family, Helicobacter genus. It was formerly known as Campylobacter cinaedi until molecular analysis published in 1991 led to a major revision of the genus Campylobacter. H. cinaedi is a curved, spiral, or fusiform rod with flagellum at both of its ends which it uses to dart around. The bacterium is a pathogen.
Deinococcus is one genus of three in the order Deinococcales of the bacterial phylum Deinococcus-Thermus highly resistant to environmental hazards. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them Gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to Gram-negative bacteria. Deinococcus survive when their DNA is exposed to high doses of gamma and UV radiation. Whereas other bacteria change their structure in the presence of radiation, such as by forming endospores, Deinococcus tolerate it without changing their cellular form and do not retreat into a hardened structure. They are also characterized by the presence of the carotenoid pigment deinoxanthin that give them their pink color. They are usually isolated according to these two criteria. In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly Deinococcus bacteria, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station. These findings support the notion of panspermia, the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed in various ways, including space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids or contaminated spacecraft.
Aliidiomarina is a genus of halophilic bacteria.
Aliidiomarina haloalkalitolerans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from seawater from the Bay of Bengal in India.
Aliidiomarina iranensis is a Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, alkaliphilic, straight rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from wetland from Gomishan in Iran.
Aliidiomarina maris is a bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from sediments from the South China Sea.
Aliidiomarina minuta is a halophilic, alkaliphilic, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which was first isolated from water from the Mono Lake from the United States. Under adverse environmental conditions, A. marina shrinks to around 0.2 μm * 0.1 μm in size as a survival mechanism. This characteristic is unique to other species within the genus and gives A. marina the ability to pass through 0.22 μm filters.
Aliidiomarina sanyensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, hexabromocyclododecane-assimilating, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from a pool of Spirulina plantensis from Sanya in China.
Aliidiomarina shirensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic and halophilic bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from water from the Shira Lake in Khakassia.
Aliidiomarina soli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from saline-alkaline soil from the Inner Mongolia in China.
Aliidiomarina taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Aliidiomarina which has been isolated from water from the Bitou Harbour in Taiwan.
