Aloísio Magalhães | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Born | Aloísio Sérgio Barbosa de Magalhães November 5, 1927 Recife, Brazil |
Died | June 13, 1982 54) Padua, Italy | (aged
Occupation | Graphic designer |
Aloísio Sérgio Barbosa de Magalhães (November 5, 1927 - June 13, 1982) was a Brazilian graphic designer. [1] He is considered a pioneer in the introduction of modern design in Brazil, having helped found the first higher design institution in the country, entitled Industrial Design School of Rio de Janeiro (ESDI). After specializing in graphic design and visual communication in the United States, he taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia.
During the 1960s, he was responsible for creating the logo for Rio de Janeiro's IV Centennial, presented the first symbol for the television station Rede Globo, and was one of the country's representatives at the 1st International Biennial of Industrial Design at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro.
Aloísio Magalhães is also remembered for having participated in the contest organized by the Central Bank of Brazil, in 1966, in order to develop the graphic layout for the new banknote - the cruzeiro novo - in which he was the winner. Later, Aloísio Magalhães applied the mirroring of the images on the banknotes, so that they were practically identical no matter how they were turned over. This model was implemented in the 1000 cruzeiros banknote launched in 1978 and known as Baron, once it had the effigy of the Baron of Rio Branco on the obverse side. Afterwards, the same design pattern was implemented, with modifications, in the 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 cruzeiros banknotes launched in 1981, which were the last banknotes Aloísio would develop during his lifetime.
November 5, the day Aloísio was born, is celebrated as the graphic designer's day in Brazil.
Born in Recife, Aloísio graduated in law school from the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) in 1950, when he was working as a set designer and costume designer at, besides directing the puppets in the show. [2] [3] On a scholarship granted by the French government, he studied museology in Paris from 1951 to 1953, the same place where he attended Atelier 17, where he was a student of Stanley William Hayter. The following year, he returned to Recife to found the O Gráfico Amador , alongside Gastão de Holanda, Orlando da Costa Ferreira, and José Laurenio de Mello. [4] [3] [2]
In 1956, he went to the United States to study graphic design and visual communication, when he published, along with Eugene Feldman, the books Doorway to Portuguese and Doorway to Brasília , as well as teaching at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. [2] Four years later, he got back to Brazil to create an office specialized in the area he studied, doing projects for private companies and public agencies. In 1963, he was involved in the creation of the Industrial Design School (ESDI), in Rio de Janeiro, the first higher school of design in Brazil, where he taught classes on the subject. The following year, he was responsible for developing the logo for Rio de Janeiro's IV Centennial, a job that had repercussions in the public arena, as well as developing the symbol for the São Paulo Biennial Foundation. [5] [2] [6]
In 1965, he developed the first symbol for the Brazilian television channel Rede Globo. [7] Three years later, he was invited to be one of the country's representatives at the 1st International Biennial of Industrial Design, at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro. In the early 1970s, when he was a member of the Brazilian Association of Industrial Design (ABDI), he represented Brazil at the 1st Biennial of Design, Printmaking and Industrial Design in Cali, Colombia. [4]
Aloísio coordinated the project at the National Center of Cultural Reference (CNRC), and was a member of the Council of Culture of the Federal District from 1975 to 1980. [4] A year earlier, in 1979, Aloísio Magalhães was appointed director of the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) and two years later, secretary of culture in the Ministry of Education and Culture. During the early 1980s, he campaigned for the preservation of the Brazilian heritage as president of the National Pro-Memory Foundation. [2]
In 1966, Aloísio Magalhães participated in a contest organized by the Central Bank of Brazil to develop the graphic layout and the monetary standard of the new Brazilian banknotes (cruzeiro novo starting that year), in which he was the winner. The moiré pattern was a highly praised work as a source of innovation, since reticular misalignment usually generates an effect that is difficult to reproduce. Later, when redesigning the currency, he innovated again. According to Aloísio, the great difficulty was to know that the banknote has sides above and below so that the value could be recognized, that is, regardless of the position, the banknote would have the same visualization. Based on this application, he proposed mirroring in the notes; except for the coins, which did not have this similarity between top and bottom. [8] [3] [9]
From 1953 to 1977, individual and collective exhibitions were held regarding Aloísio Magalhães' work in graphic design. [2]
Aloísio Magalhães was also awarded for his outstanding work in graphic design. [4]
Aloísio Magalhães died in Padua, Italy, on June 13, 1982, after suffering a stroke while taking office as head of the meeting of Latin American Ministers of Culture. [3]
In 1982, he was honored with a museum in his name, previously called Metropolitan Gallery of Art of Recife, and renamed Metropolitan Gallery of Art Aloisio Magalhaes. However, it was changed to Aloisio Magalhães Museum of Modern Art (MAMAM) in 1997. [2]
In 1998, President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) issued Decree 7,508 to define November 5 as "National Design Day", in honor of the day Aloísio Magalhães was born and for having been the pioneer of graphic design in Brazil. [3] [10] [11]
Brígida Baltar was a Brazilian visual artist. Her work spanned across a wide range of mediums, including video, performance, installation, drawing, and sculpture. She was interested in capturing the ephemeral in her artwork.
Héctor Julio Páride Bernabó was an Argentine-Brazilian artist, researcher, writer, historian and journalist. His nickname and artistic name, Carybé, a type of piranha, comes from his time in the scouts. He died of heart failure after the meeting of a candomblé community's lay board of directors, the Cruz Santa Opô Afonjá Society, of which he was a member.
Francisco Brennand, or Francisco de Paula de Almeida Brennand,, was a Brazilian painter and sculptor, best known for his work in ceramics.
Fayga Perla Ostrower was a Polish-Brazilian engraver, painter, designer, illustrator, art theorist and university professor.
Rico Lins is a Brazilian graphic designer, art director, illustrator and teacher.
Beto Shwafaty is a Brazilian conceptual artist, visual researcher and critic.
Lucas Simões is a Brazilian artist based in São Paulo.
Iole Antunes de Freitas is a Brazilian sculptor, engraver, and installation artist who works in the field of contemporary art. Freitas began her career in the 1970s, participating in a group of artists in Milan, Italy linked to Body art. She used photography. In the 1980s, she returned to Brazil, but abandoned the human body as mediator of her work, adopting the "sculpture body". The artist uses materials such as wire, canvas, steel, copper, stone, and water to create her works.
Waltércio Caldas Júnior, also known as Waltércio Caldas, is a Brazilian sculptor, designer, and graphic artist. Caldas is best known as part of Brazil's Neo-Concretism movement as well as for his eclectic choices in materials.
Miguel Ángel Rojas is a Colombian conceptual artist born in Bogotá in 1946. His work includes drawing, painting, photography, installations and video and is often related to the sexuality, the marginal culture, the violence and problems involved with drug consumption and production.
Gilvan Samico was a painter, teacher and Brazilian engraver of the Armorial Movement of graphic design.
Anna Maria Baldo Niemeyer was a Brazilian architect, furniture designer and gallery owner. The only daughter of Oscar Niemeyer, she worked with her father to design the civic buildings for Brasília, focusing primarily on interior spaces and decoration. When her father decided to make furniture to harmonize his structures with the design elements, she turned her interest to furniture designing. Her two most noted designs were the initial prototype called the "Alta" and the "Rio". In her later career, she ran an art gallery in Rio, which at one time was the only gallery in the city, and assisted in the creation of the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum.
Rosângela Rennó Gomes is a Brazilian artist who lives and works in Rio de Janeiro. Her work consists of photographic images from public and private archives that question the nature of an image and its symbolic value. With the use of photographs, installations and objects, she appropriates and sheds new light on an anonymous body of photographs and negatives found mostly in flea markets, family albums, newspapers and archives. Rennó's interest in discarded images and habit of collecting were decisive in establishing her work strategies.
Willys de Castro was a Brazilian visual artist, poet, graphic designer, industrial designer, stage designer and magazine editor. De Castro is best known for his "Active object" series and is considered to be a pioneer and founding contributor of the Neo-Concrete Movement.
Waldemar Cordeiro was an Italian-born Brazilian art critic and artist. He worked as a computer artist in the early days of computer art and was a pioneer of the concrete art movement in Latin America.
Geraldo de Barros was a Brazilian painter and photographer who also worked in engraving, graphic arts, and industrial design. He was a leader of the concrete art movement in Brazil, co-founding Grupo Ruptura and was known for his trailblazing work in experimental abstract photography and modernism. According to The Guardian, De Barros was "one of the most influential Brazilian artists of the 20th century." De Barros is best known for his Fotoformas (1946-1952), a series of photographs that used multiple exposures, rotated images, and abstracted forms to capture a phenomenological experience of Brazil's exponential urbanization in the mid-twentieth century.
Renata Lucas is a Brazilian artist.
Teresa Nicolao is a Brazilian artist, designer and film maker.
Mariannita Luzzati is a Brazilian visual artist from São Paulo, recognized for her extensive study of landscapes.
Tikashi Fukushima was a Japanese-Brazilian painter and printmaker. Considered one of the most important abstractionists in Brazil, Fukushima also produced several works in the field of figurativism throughout his career. The artist has received various positive reviews from numerous important art critics for both his abstractionist and figurative productions. Fukushima belongs to the pre-war immigrant generation, composed of common immigrants who, after several changes in their lives, awakened to the arts. His master was Tadashi Kaminagai, whom Fukushima saw as a mentor, but who had a different style of painting than the one he later developed. Tikashi's works have been presented in national and international exhibitions.