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Varicose veins, also known as varicoses, are a medical condition in which superficial veins become enlarged and twisted. These veins typically develop in the legs, just under the skin. Varicose veins usually cause few symptoms. However, some individuals may experience fatigue or pain in the area. Complications can include bleeding or superficial thrombophlebitis. Varices in the scrotum are known as a varicocele, while those around the anus are known as hemorrhoids. Due to the various physical, social, and psychological effects of varicose veins, they can negatively affect one's quality of life.
Veins are blood vessels in humans and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present, such as a red, warm, swollen, and painful leg. Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, and sometimes a mild fever. Severe cases can lead to passing out, abnormally low blood pressure, obstructive shock, and sudden death.
Venous thrombosis is blockage of a vein caused by a thrombus. A common form of venous thrombosis is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), when a blood clot forms in the deep veins. If a thrombus breaks off (embolizes) and flows to the lungs to lodge there, it becomes a pulmonary embolism (PE), a blood clot in the lungs. The conditions of DVT only, DVT with PE, and PE only, are all captured by the term venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis. A minority of DVTs occur in the arms. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, and enlarged veins in the affected area, but some DVTs have no symptoms. The most common life-threatening concern with DVT is the potential for a clot to embolize, travel as an embolus through the right side of the heart, and become lodged in a pulmonary artery that supplies blood to the lungs. This is called a pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT and PE comprise the cardiovascular disease of venous thromboembolism (VTE). About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. The most frequent long-term DVT complication is post-thrombotic syndrome, which can cause pain, swelling, a sensation of heaviness, itching, and in severe cases, ulcers. Recurrent VTE occurs in about 30% of those in the ten years following an initial VTE.
Endovenous laser treatment (ELT) is a minimally invasive ultrasound-guided technique used for treating varicose veins using laser energy commonly performed by a phlebologist, interventional radiologist or vascular surgeon.
Vein stripping is a surgical procedure done under general or local anaesthetic to aid in the treatment of varicose veins and other manifestations of chronic venous disease. The vein "stripped" is usually the great saphenous vein. The surgery involves making incisions, followed by insertion of a special metal or plastic wire into the vein. The vein is attached to the wire and then pulled out from the body. The incisions are stitched up and pressure dressings are often applied to the area.
Andrew Nicolaides is a British-Greek Cypriot surgeon, and an expert in cardiovascular disease and stroke prevention.
Peter Lin is an American vascular surgeon, medical researcher, specializing in minimally invasive endovascular treatment of vascular disease. He has published extensively in the area of vascular surgery and endovascular surgery.
A phlebologist is a medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of venous origin. The specialty of phlebology has developed to enable physicians sharing an interest in venous disease and health to share knowledge and experience despite being trained in a variety of backgrounds such as dermatology, vascular surgery, haematology, interventional radiology or general medicine. Diagnostic techniques used include the patient's history and physical examination, venous imaging techniques in particular vascular ultrasound and laboratory evaluation related to venous thromboembolism. The American Medical Association and the American Osteopathic Association has added phlebology to their list of self-designated practice specialties.
Ajay Kumar Kakkar, Baron Kakkar, is professor of surgery at University College London.
Phlebology, The Journal of Venous Disease, is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on vascular disease. It is published by Sage Publications and is an official journal of the American College of Phlebology, the Australasian College of Phlebology, the Venous Forum of the Royal Society of Medicine, the European Venous Forum, and the Benelux Society. The editor-in-chief is Alun Davies.
Mitchel P Goldman, is an American dermatologic surgeon, cosmetic surgeon, dermatologist, and phlebologist, and a past president of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery and the American College of Phlebology.
Beverley Jane Hunt is professor of thrombosis and haemostasis at King's College, London, consultant in the departments of haematology, rheumatology and pathology and director of the Haemostasis Research Unit at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, medical director of Thrombosis UK and previous president of Walthamstow Hall Old Girls Association. She was educated at Walthamstow Hall and University of Liverpool.
Eddie Chaloner, is a Consultant Vascular Surgeon practicing in the UK.
Thrombosis prevention or thromboprophylaxis is medical treatment to prevent the development of thrombosis in those considered at risk for developing thrombosis. Some people are at a higher risk for the formation of blood clots than others, such as those with cancer undergoing a surgical procedure. Prevention measures or interventions are usually begun after surgery as the associated immobility will increase a person's risk.
Ultrasonography in suspected deep vein thrombosis focuses primarily on the femoral vein and the popliteal vein, because thrombi in these veins are associated with the greatest risk of harmful pulmonary embolism.
Henri Bounameaux is a known clinical faculty and Professor of Medicine (hon), specialized in internal and vascular medicine (angiology), and general medicine.
The American Venous Forum (AVF) is the major national academic society focused on venous and lymphatic disease in the United States. Its mission includes education, research, and advocacy. The AVF is the sponsor organization for the Journal of Vascular Surgery Venous and Lymphatic and for the American Venous Forum meeting.
Kenneth Arthur Myers FRACS FACS was an Australian surgeon specialising in phlebology.
References
- 1 2 "Professor Alun Davies". Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ↑ "Professor Alun Davies". Royal Society of Medicine. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ↑ "Professor Alun Huw Davies". Vascular Society. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- 1 2 "Professor Alun Davies". Bupa . Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ↑ "Alun Davies". Venous News. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ↑ Samuel Eric Wilson; Juan Carlos Jimenez; Frank J. Veith; A. Ross Naylor; John A. C. Buckels (eds.). Vascular Surgery: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). CRC Press.
- ↑ Shahidul Islam, ed. (2017). Thrombosis and Embolism: from Research to Clinical Practice. Vol. 1. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22107-3 (inactive 31 December 2022). ISBN 978-3-319-22107-6. ISSN 2367-0177. LCCN 2016945032. OCLC 979540393.
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