Amalienau

Last updated March 08, 2019

Amalienau was a suburban quarter of western Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

A quarter is a section of an urban settlement.

Königsberg is the name for a former German city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Originally a Sambian or Old Prussian city, it later belonged to the State of the Teutonic Order, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany until 1945. After being largely destroyed in World War II by Allied bombing and Soviet forces and annexed by the Soviet Union thereafter, the city was renamed Kaliningrad. Few traces of the former Königsberg remain today.

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central and Western Europe, lying between the Baltic and North Seas to the north, and the Alps to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France to the southwest, and Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west.

History

Amalienau originally contained the village Hinterhufen (further Hufen) in the western part of the Hufen region northwest of medieval Königsberg. By the middle of the 16th century it was largely deforested. As a result of the Prussian administrative reorganization following the Napoleonic Wars, the region was included within the rural district of Königsberg (Landkreis Königsberg i. Pr.), part of Regierungsbezirk Königsberg in East Prussia, on 1 February 1818.

Hufen was a broad region along northwestern Königsberg, Germany, which developed into the quarters of Ratshof, Amalienau, Mittelhufen, and Vorderhufen. The territory is now part of the Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

Napoleonic Wars Series of early 19th century European wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom. The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and its resultant conflict. The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813), and the Seventh (1815).

From 1810-20 the Königsberg commerce councilor Gustav Schnell purchased the various estates around Hinterhufen and united them into a single estate named after his wife, Amalie Schnell (née Gramatzki).^[1] In 1858 Amalienau was raised to the status of an estate district (Gutsbezirk) by its owner, Anton Douglas (1817-83).^[2] Douglas was married to Charlotte Warschauer and was a brother-in-law of Eduard Simson.

On 3 June 1898 parts of Amalienau were transferred from the rural district of Königsberg (Landkreis Königsberg i. Pr.) into the urban district of Königsberg (Stadtkreis Königsberg i. Pr). The remainder of Amalienau was finally incorporated into the city of Königsberg on 1 April 1905. Neighboring quarters were Ratshof to the west and Mittelhufen to the north and east.

Ratshof or Rathshof was a suburban quarter of western Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

Mittelhufen was a suburban quarter of northwestern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

In 1898 Friedrich Heitmann and Joseph Kretschmann, architects and construction officials, founded the Königsberger Immobilien- und Baugesellschaft (Königsberg Real Estate and Building Company). In 1901 they began to develop Amalienau into a villa suburb (Villenvorort or Villenkolonie) for the upper class. North of Amalienau was the estate Klein Amalienau.

Public squares in Amalienau and along the border with Mittelhufen included Skagerrakplatz, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz, Luisenplatz, and Ziethenplatz. Churches in the quarter included the Protestant Königin-Luise-Gedächtniskirche (1899) and the Roman Catholic St. Adalbert's (1902).

St. Adalbert's Church was a Roman Catholic church in western Königsberg, Germany. It is now used as a technical laboratory by IZMIRAN in Kaliningrad, Russia.

The Zwillingsteich, consisting of two linked ponds, was created in 1909. An airship hangar was constructed in Amalienau in 1913. An old hammer forge was converted into a cafe and Gasthaus. The football club SV Prussia-Samland Königsberg played at Sportplatz Prussia-Samland on Steffeckstraße on the western outskirts of the quarter.

While most of Königsberg was heavily damaged by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and the 1945 Battle of Königsberg, Amalienau emerged relatively unscathed from World War II, except for some damage to the two churches. Soviet officials often used Amalienau's villas after the war, with many of the buildings maintained in modern Kaliningrad.

Villas

Notable historical villas in Amalienau included:^[3]

Villa Heitman of architect Friedrich Heitmann
Villa Krohne of city councillor Theodor Krohne
Villa Leo of Ludwig Leo, owner of the shipping company Marcus Cohn
Villa Lewandowski used by the owners of the industrialists Albrecht & Lewandowski
Villa Aron of the court jeweler D. Aron
Villa Gelbke of painter Georg Hermann Gelbke
Villa Barth of the miner director Barth
Lithuanian General Consulate
Villa Winter of Salomon Winter, owner of a pea husking mill
Villa Krahmer
Villa Mehl of architect Ernst Mehl
Villa Körte of Lord Mayor Siegfried Körte
Villa Schlegelberger of Rudolf Schlegelberger, cofounder of the Norddeutsche Creditanstalt
Landhaus Frick of architect Paul Frick
Doppelvilla Rosencrantz
private preschool of the Rausch siblings
Villa Perkuhn of the official Carl Ludwig Perkuhn
Villa Kayma of Albert Kayma, directory of the Ostmark-Klinik
Villa Neumann of Klaus Neumann
workshop of Gertrud Windelband

Notes

↑ Albinus, p. 128
↑ Gause II, p. 404
↑ Freimann

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References

Albinus, Robert (1985). Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung (in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371. ISBN 3-7921-0320-6.
Gause, Fritz (1968). Die Geschichte der Stadt Königsberg. Band II: Von der Königskrönung bis zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs (in German). Köln: Böhlau Verlag. p. 761.
Mühlpfordt, Herbert Meinhard (1972). Königsberg von A bis Z (in German). München: Aufstieg-Verlag. p. 168. ISBN 3-7612-0092-7.
Die Villenkolonie Amalienau by Jürgen Freimann

Coordinates: 54°43′05″N20°27′54″E / 54.71806°N 20.46500°E / 54.71806; 20.46500

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[1] Albinus, p. 128

[2] Gause II, p. 404

[3] Freimann