Aetion was an ancient Greek sculptor of Amphipolis, mentioned by Callimachus and Theocritus, from whom we learn that at the request of Nicias, a famous physician of Miletus, he executed a statue of Asclepius in cedar wood. He flourished about the middle of the 3rd century BC. There was an engraver of the same name; but when he lived is not known.
The so-called Vatican Mythographers are the anonymous authors of three Latin mythographical texts found together in a single medieval manuscript, Vatican Reg. lat. 1401. The name is that used by Angelo Mai when he published the first edition of the works in 1831. The text of the First Vatican Mythographer is found only in the Vatican manuscript; the second and third texts are found separately in other manuscripts, leading scholars to refer to a Second Vatican Mythographer and a Third Vatican Mythographer.
Antipater was a Greek physician and author of a work titled On the Soul, of which the second book is quoted by the Scholiast on Homer, in which he said that the soul increased, diminished, and at last perished with the body; and which may very possibly be the work quoted by Diogenes Laërtius, and commonly attributed to Antipater of Tarsus.
Adamantius was an ancient physician, bearing the title of Iatrosophista. Little is known of his personal history, except that he was Jewish by birth, and that he was one of those who fled from Alexandria at the time of the expulsion of the Jews from that city by the Patriarch Cyril of Alexandria in 415. He went to Constantinople, was persuaded to embrace Christianity, apparently by Archbishop Atticus of Constantinople, and then returned to Alexandria.
Aeschrion of Pergamon was a physician in the 2nd century AD. He was one of Galen's tutors, who says that he belonged to the sect of the Empirici, and that he had a great knowledge of pharmacy and materia medica. Aeschrion was the inventor of a celebrated superstitious remedy for the bite of a mad dog, which is mentioned with approbation by Galen and Oribasius, and of which the most important ingredient was powdered crawfish. These he directs to be caught at a time when the sun and moon were in a particular relative position, and to be baked alive.
Thessalus,, a physician from ancient Greece, and the son of Hippocrates, the famous physician. He was the brother of Draco, and father of Gorgias, Hippocrates III, and Draco II. He lived in the 5th and 4th centuries BC and passed some of his time at the court of Archelaus I of Macedon,. He was one of the founders of the Dogmatic school (Dogmatici) of medicine, and is several times highly praised by Galen, who calls him the most eminent of the sons of Hippocrates, and says that he did not alter any of his father's doctrines. No doubt when he performed the difficult task of preparing the writings of Hippocrates for publication after his death he made some additions of his own, which were sometimes not quite worthy of that honour. He was also supposed by some of the ancient writers to be the author of several of the works that form part of the Hippocratic collection, which he might have compiled from notes left by his father.
Athenaeus of Attalia, was a physician, and the founder of the Pneumatic school of medicine. He was born in Cilicia, at Attalia according to Galen, or at Tarsus according to Caelius Aurelianus. He was the tutor to Theodorus, and appears to have practised medicine at Rome with great success.
Herodotus was the name of more than one physician in the time of ancient Greece and Rome:
Plistonicus, was an ancient Greek physician, a pupil of Praxagoras, who therefore lived in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. He appears to have written a work on anatomy, which is several times mentioned by Galen, who calls him one of the most eminent physicians of his time. He is quoted by Pliny, Athenaeus, Oribasius, and Gariopontus. None of his writings have survived.
Philistion of Locri was a physician and writer on medicine who lived in the 4th century BC.
Menemachus,, a Greek physician born at one of the cities named Aphrodisias, who belonged to the Methodic school of medicine, and lived in the 2nd century. He wrote some works which are not now extant, and is probably the physician quoted by Caelius Aurelianus, Galen, and Oribasius. The Menemachus, however, who is quoted by Celsus, is not the same person, and must have lived at least a century earlier.
Philotimus was an eminent Greek physician, a pupil of Praxagoras, and a fellow pupil of Herophilus. He was also a contemporary of Erasistratus, and is quoted by Heraclides of Tarentum, and therefore must have lived in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Celsus mentions him as one of the eminent physicians of antiquity; and he is quoted by several of the ancient medical writers, viz. Caelius Aurelianus, Oribasius, Aëtius, and very frequently by Galen.
Nymphodorus,, a Greek physician, who must have lived in or before the 3rd century BC, as he is mentioned by Heraclides of Tarentum. He was celebrated for the invention of a machine for the reduction of dislocations, called glossokomon, which was afterwards somewhat modified by Aristion, and of which a description is given by Oribasius. He is mentioned by Celsus along with several other eminent surgeons.
Xenocrates a Greek physician of Aphrodisias in Cilicia, who must have lived about the middle of the 1st century, as he was probably a contemporary of Andromachus the Younger. Galen says that he lived in the second generation before himself. He wrote some pharmaceutical works, and is blamed by Galen for making use of disgusting remedies, for instance, human brains, flesh, liver, urine, excrement, etc. One of his works was entitled On Useful Things from Living Beings. He is several times quoted by Galen, and also by Clement of Alexandria; Artemidorus; Pliny; Oribasius; Aëtius; and Alexander of Tralles. Besides some short fragments of his writings there is extant a synopsis of a work on marine creatures, preserved by Oribasius.
Meges an eminent surgeon, born at Sidon in Phoenicia, who practised at Rome with great reputation and success, shortly before the time of Celsus, and therefore probably in the 1st century BC. He wrote some works which are highly praised and several times quoted by Celsus, but of which nothing remains. He is, perhaps, the same person who is quoted by Pliny, Galen, and Scribonius Largus. A Greek fragment by Meges is preserved by Oribasius.
Mnesitheus of Athens, was a Greek physician, who probably lived in the 4th century BC, as he is quoted by the comic poet Alexis. He belonged to the Dogmatic school of medicine. He enjoyed a great reputation, and was particularly celebrated for his classification of diseases. He wrote a work "On Diet," Περὶ Ἐδεστῶν, or, according to Galen, Περὶ Ἐδεσμάτων, which is several times quoted by Athenaeus. He wrote another work, "On Tippling", in which he recommended this practice. He is frequently mentioned by Galen, and generally in favourable terms; as also by Rufus of Ephesus, Aulus Gellius, Soranus of Ephesus, Pliny, Plutarch, and Oribasius. His tomb was still existing in Attica in the time of Pausanias.
Amarantus of Alexandria was an ancient Greek writer who wrote a commentary on one of the idylls attributed to Theocritus, possibly from the writings of Theon, and a work titled On the Stage, which is now lost. It probably contained biographical accounts of actors, and historical notes on stage performances. Regarding the time in which he lived, we know for certain that he lived after Juba II, king of Mauretania and was probably an elderly contemporary of Galen in the 1st century AD.
Ambryon was an ancient Greek writer who wrote a work on the poet Theocritus, from which Diogenes Laërtius quotes an epigram of Theocritus against Aristotle. His date can only be fixed between the 3rd century BC and the 3rd century AD, and his work itself, On Theocritus, is no longer extant.
Zopyrus was a surgeon at Alexandria, and the tutor of Apollonius of Citium and Posidonius. He invented an antidote, which he recommended to Mithridates VI of Pontus, and wrote a letter to that king, begging to be allowed to test its efficacy on a criminal. Another somewhat similar composition he prepared for one of the Ptolemies. Some of his medical formulae are quoted and mentioned by various ancient authors, viz. Caelius Aurelianus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paul of Aegina, Marcellus Empiricus, and Nicolaus Myrepsus. Pliny and Dioscorides mention that a certain plant was called zopyron, perhaps after his name. Nicarchus satirizes a physician named Zopyrus in one of his epigrams. Not to be confused with Zopyron.
Antigonus was an ancient Greek army surgeon, mentioned by Galen, who must therefore have lived in or before the second century CE. Marcellus Empiricus quotes a physician of the same name, who may very possibly be the same person; and Lucian mentions an impudent quack named Antigonus, who among other things, said that one of his patients had been restored to life after having been buried for twenty days.
