Abdur Rahman Khan also known by his epithets,The Iron Amir,was Amir of Afghanistan from 1880 to his death in 1901. He is known for perpetrating the Hazara Genocide,but also uniting the country after years of internal fighting and negotiation of the Durand Line Agreement with British India.
The Baloch or Baluch are a nomadic,pastoral,ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia,encompassing the countries of Pakistan,Iran,and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions,including in Central Asia,and the Arabian Peninsula.
Hedayat Amin Arsala is an economist and a prominent politician in Afghanistan. Mr. Arsala is a former Vice President of Afghanistan,Finance Minister and Foreign Minister and until October 2013 was the Senior Minister of the Republic of Afghanistan,appointed by the President Hamid Karzai.
Dr. Ahmad Yusuf Nuristani is a former politician from Afghanistan. He served as governor of Herat province from January 2009 to August 2010. In September 2018,President Ashraf Ghani appointed Nuristani to the Meshrano Jirga,the upper body of parliament in Afghanistan. From 2005 to 2008 he was the 1st Deputy Defense Minister,Government of Afghanistan. He was recently convicted in the United States and in Afghanistan.
Sardar,also spelled as Sardaar,is a title of royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes,noblemen,chiefs,kings and other aristocrats. It has also been used to denote a chief or leader of a tribe or group. It is used as a Persian synonym of the title Emir of Arabic origin.
Sunni Islam (Hanafi/Deobandi) is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Islam in Afghanistan began to be practiced after the Arab Islamic conquest of Afghanistan from the 7th to the 10th centuries,with the last holdouts to conversion submitting in the late 19th century. It was generally accepted by local communities as a replacement of Zoroastrianism and Buddhism,local tribes began converting to the new religion. Islam is the official state religion of Afghanistan,with approximately 99.7% of the Afghan population being Muslim. Roughly 85% practice Sunni Islam,while around 10% are Shias. Most Shias belong to the Twelver branch and only a smaller number follow Ismailism.
The Ghiljī also spelled Khilji,Khalji, or Ghilzai and Ghilzay (غلزی),are one of the largest Pashtun tribes. Their traditional homeland is Ghazni and Qalati Ghilji in Afghanistan but they have also settled in other regions throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pashtun belt. The modern nomadic Kochi people are predominantly made up of Ghilji tribes. The Ghilji make up around 20–25% of Afghanistan's total population.
Jamiat-e-Islami,sometimes shortened to Jamiat,is a predominantly Afghan Tajik political party and former paramilitary organisation in Afghanistan. It is the oldest and largest functioning political party in Afghanistan,and was originally formed as a student political society at Kabul University. It has a communitarian ideology based on Islamic law. During the Soviet–Afghan War and the subsequent First Afghan Civil War against the communist government,Jamiat-e Islami was one of the most powerful of the Afghan mujahideen groups. Burhanuddin Rabbani led the party from 1968 to 2011,and served as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001,in exile from 1996.
The Hotak dynasty was an Afghan monarchy founded by Ghilji Pashtuns that briefly ruled portions of Iran and Afghanistan during the 1720s. It was established in April 1709 by Mirwais Hotak,who led a successful rebellion against the declining Persian Safavid empire in the region of Loy Kandahar in what is now southern Afghanistan.
The Pashtuns of Punjab,also called Punjabi Pathans or Pathans,are descendants of Pashtun settlers,an eastern Iranian ethnic group,in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. They were originally from the Pashtunistan region of Afghanistan and Pakistan bordering the Punjab region. Most of these Pashtun communities are scattered throughout the Punjab and have over time assimilated and integrated into the Punjabi society and culture.
The following lists events that happened during 1934 in Afghanistan.
The Tarakai or Taraki is a Ghilzai Pashtun tribe;mainly found in the Ghazni province of Afghanistan and large numbers of tribe mans are also settled in Pakistan mainly in Quetta,Piashine,Zhob,Lorallai,Dukki,Sherani and Swabi. They are divided into several major clans/tribes:Lilizai,Mul,Gurbuz,Badin,Saki,and MurekKhel. These tribes are further divided into more sub-tribes within the above-mentioned clans/tribes.
Mohammad Yousef Pashtun is an Afghan technocrat and politician. He served as Minister of Urban Development and Housing for two terms and as Governor of Kandahar province in 2003,replacing Gul Agha Sherzai under President Hamid Karzai's administration. In 2010,he was appointed as Senior Adviser to President Karzai on Construction,Mines,Water &Energy. In 2014,minister Pashtun continued to serve as Senior Adviser to President Ashraf Ghani. Yِousef Pashtun is also chairing the Kabul New City Development Authority Board.
The Nasar tribe is an ethnic Pashtun Ghilzai tribe mainly living in Afghanistan and some in Pakistan. Nasar has mostly remained a nomadic tribe throughout history due to which it spread in the provinces of Zabul,Kunar,Paktia,Laghman,Nangarhar and Ghazni. The Nasar people also live in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region and Balochistan.
Kasi or Kansi is a Pashtun tribe The tribe is divided into various groups,notably Malak and Arbab,but these divisions are not based on blood relations or a hierarchy of rank. Both groups are equally part of the Kasi tribe. However,they are divided blood wise in different groups such as Mirzai,Achozai,Badazai,Khuwajazai etc.
Bārakzai is the name of a Pashtun tribe from present-day Kandahar,Afghanistan. '"Barakzai" is a common name among the Pashtuns and it means "son of Barak" in Pashto. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica,"In the detailed Pashtun genealogies there are no fewer than seven instances of the ethnic name Bārakzī,at very different levels of tribal segmentation. Six of them designate simple lineages within six different tribes located in the Solaymān mountains or adjacent lands... The seventh instance,on the other hand,designates one of the most important Pashtun tribes in numbers and historic role,part of the Zīrak branch of the Dorrānay confederation.
The Ahmadzai is a Pashtun tribe of the Ghilji confederacy. As their influence grew,this original subtribe of Sulaimankhel got recognition as a tribe of its own and are considered to be good leaders and fighters,also lauded for their knowledge of Pushtunwali. The Ahmadzai homelands are primarily in the historic Loya Paktia,but they can be found in many places between Logar to Jalalabad. Due to the history of deportations,pockets of Ahmadzai can also be found in Kunduz,Baghlan,and Balkh provinces.
Mahmud Tarzi was an Afghan politician and intellectual. He is known as the father of Afghan journalism. He became a key figure in the history of Afghanistan,following the lead of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey by working for modernization and secularization,and strongly opposing religious extremism and obscurantism. Tarzi emulated the Young Turks coalition.
The Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947 or the Khost disturbances were a series of tribal revolts in the Kingdom of Afghanistan by Zadran,Safi and Mangal tribesmen which lasted from February 1944 to January 1947. The causes of the revolts lay in the worsening conditions of farmers,changes in conscription laws,the elimination of the power of Safi tribal leaders,Amanullah loyalism,trading monopolies,government surveillance,taxation,and poverty. The conflict began when government forces clashed with the forces of a tribal leader named Mazrak,who led the Zadran tribe in revolt. The Zadran uprising was followed by additional uprisings by the Safi and Mangal,the former of which elected their own king,Salemai. Faqir of Ipi,a tribal leader from Waziristan,also fought for the restoration of former king Amanullah Khan alongside other rebels.
The politics of Afghanistan are based on a totalitarian emirate within the Islamic theocracy in which the Taliban Movement holds a monopoly on power. Dissent is not permitted,and politics are mostly limited to internal Taliban policy debates and power struggles. As the government is provisional,there is no constitution or other basis for the rule of law. The structure is autocratic,with all power concentrated in the hands of the supreme leader and his clerical advisors. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Afghanistan was as of 2023 the 4th least electoral democratic country in the world.
