Text mining,text data mining (TDM) or text analytics is the process of deriving high-quality information from text. It involves "the discovery by computer of new,previously unknown information,by automatically extracting information from different written resources." Written resources may include websites,books,emails,reviews,and articles. High-quality information is typically obtained by devising patterns and trends by means such as statistical pattern learning. According to Hotho et al. (2005) we can distinguish between three different perspectives of text mining:information extraction,data mining,and a knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process. Text mining usually involves the process of structuring the input text,deriving patterns within the structured data,and finally evaluation and interpretation of the output. 'High quality' in text mining usually refers to some combination of relevance,novelty,and interest. Typical text mining tasks include text categorization,text clustering,concept/entity extraction,production of granular taxonomies,sentiment analysis,document summarization,and entity relation modeling.
The expression computational intelligence (CI) usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experimental observation. Even though it is commonly considered a synonym of soft computing,there is still no commonly accepted definition of computational intelligence.
Stephen Grossberg is a cognitive scientist,theoretical and computational psychologist,neuroscientist,mathematician,biomedical engineer,and neuromorphic technologist. He is the Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems and a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics &Statistics,Psychological &Brain Sciences,and Biomedical Engineering at Boston University.
Neuroinformatics is the field that combines informatics and neuroscience. Neuroinformatics is related with neuroscience data and information processing by artificial neural networks. There are three main directions where neuroinformatics has to be applied:
Vasant G. Honavar is an Indian born American computer scientist,and artificial intelligence,machine learning,big data,data science,causal inference,knowledge representation,bioinformatics and health informatics researcher and professor.
Eduardo Daniel Sontag is an Argentine-American mathematician,and distinguished university professor at Northeastern University,who works in the fields control theory,dynamical systems,systems molecular biology,cancer and immunology,theoretical computer science,neural networks,and computational biology.
Sentiment analysis is the use of natural language processing,text analysis,computational linguistics,and biometrics to systematically identify,extract,quantify,and study affective states and subjective information. Sentiment analysis is widely applied to voice of the customer materials such as reviews and survey responses,online and social media,and healthcare materials for applications that range from marketing to customer service to clinical medicine. With the rise of deep language models,such as RoBERTa,also more difficult data domains can be analyzed,e.g.,news texts where authors typically express their opinion/sentiment less explicitly.
Jacek M. Zurada serves as a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Louisville,Kentucky. His M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are from Politechnika Gdaṅska ranked as #1 among Polish universities of technology. He has held visiting appointments at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Zurich,Princeton,Northeastern,Auburn,and at overseas universities in Australia,Chile,China,France,Germany,Hong Kong,Italy,Japan,Poland,Singapore,Spain,and South Africa. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE and a Fellow of International Neural Networks Society and Doctor Honoris Causa of Czestochowa Institute of Technology,Poland.
Reservoir computing is a framework for computation derived from recurrent neural network theory that maps input signals into higher dimensional computational spaces through the dynamics of a fixed,non-linear system called a reservoir. After the input signal is fed into the reservoir,which is treated as a "black box," a simple readout mechanism is trained to read the state of the reservoir and map it to the desired output. The first key benefit of this framework is that training is performed only at the readout stage,as the reservoir dynamics are fixed. The second is that the computational power of naturally available systems,both classical and quantum mechanical,can be used to reduce the effective computational cost.
Informatics is the study of computational systems. According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe,informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession,in which the central notion is transformation of information. In other countries,the term "informatics" is used with a different meaning in the context of library science,in which case it is synonymous with data storage and retrieval.
Robert Kozma is First Tennessee University Professor of Mathematics at the University of Memphis.
Bing Liu is a Chinese-American professor of computer science who specializes in data mining,machine learning,and natural language processing. In 2002,he became a scholar at University of Illinois at Chicago. He holds a PhD from the University of Edinburgh (1988). His PhD advisors were Austin Tate and Kenneth Williamson Currie,and his PhD thesis was titled Reinforcement Planning for Resource Allocation and Constraint Satisfaction.
Emotion recognition is the process of identifying human emotion. People vary widely in their accuracy at recognizing the emotions of others. Use of technology to help people with emotion recognition is a relatively nascent research area. Generally,the technology works best if it uses multiple modalities in context. To date,the most work has been conducted on automating the recognition of facial expressions from video,spoken expressions from audio,written expressions from text,and physiology as measured by wearables.
Newton Howard is a brain and cognitive scientist,the former founder and director of the MIT Mind Machine Project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is a professor of computational neurology and functional neurosurgery at Georgetown University. He was a professor of at the University of Oxford,where he directed the Oxford Computational Neuroscience Laboratory. He is also the director of MIT's Synthetic Intelligence Lab,the founder of the Center for Advanced Defense Studies and the chairman of the Brain Sciences Foundation. Professor Howard is also a senior fellow at the John Radcliffe Hospital at Oxford,a senior scientist at INSERM in Paris and a P.A.H. at the CHU Hospital in Martinique.
Multimodal sentiment analysis is a technology for traditional text-based sentiment analysis,which includes modalities such as audio and visual data. It can be bimodal,which includes different combinations of two modalities,or trimodal,which incorporates three modalities. With the extensive amount of social media data available online in different forms such as videos and images,the conventional text-based sentiment analysis has evolved into more complex models of multimodal sentiment analysis,which can be applied in the development of virtual assistants,analysis of YouTube movie reviews,analysis of news videos,and emotion recognition such as depression monitoring,among others.
Jiebo Luo is a Chinese-American computer scientist,the Albert Arendt Hopeman Professor of Engineering and Professor of Computer Science at the University of Rochester. He is interested in artificial intelligence,data science and computer vision.
Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is a sub-field of emotion recognition,that focuses on mining human emotions from conversations or dialogues having two or more interlocutors. The datasets in this field are usually derived from social platforms that allow free and plenty of samples,often containing multimodal data. Self- and inter-personal influences play critical role in identifying some basic emotions,such as,fear,anger,joy,surprise,etc. The more fine grained the emotion labels are the harder it is to detect the correct emotion. ERC poses a number of challenges,such as,conversational-context modeling,speaker-state modeling,presence of sarcasm in conversation,emotion shift across consecutive utterances of the same interlocutor.
Javier Andreu-Perez is a British computer scientist and a Senior Lecturer and Chair in Smart Health Technologies at the University of Essex. He is also associate editor-in-chief of Neurocomputing for the area of Deep Learning and Machine Learning. He is also a senior research fellow at the University of Jaén,Spain. Andreu-Perez research is mainly focused on Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI). He also chairs a interdisciplinary lab in this area,HCAI-Essex.
