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Yamhad (Yamḫad) was an ancient Semitic-speaking kingdom centered on Ḥalab (Aleppo) in Syria. The kingdom emerged at the end of the 19th century BC and was ruled by the Yamhad dynasty, who counted on both military and diplomacy to expand their realm. From the beginning of its establishment, the kingdom withstood the aggressions of its neighbors Mari, Qatna and the Old Assyrian Empire, and was turned into the most powerful Syrian kingdom of its era through the actions of its king Yarim-Lim I. By the middle of the 18th century BC, most of Syria minus the south came under the authority of Yamhad, either as a direct possession or through vassalage, and for nearly a century and a half, Yamhad dominated northern, northwestern and eastern Syria, and had influence over small kingdoms in Mesopotamia at the borders of Elam. The kingdom was eventually destroyed by the Hittites, then annexed by Mitanni in the 16th century BC.
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Niqmi-Epuḫ, also given as Niqmepa was the king of Yamḫad (Halab) succeeding his father Yarim-Lim II.
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The Yamhad dynasty was an ancient Amorite royal family founded in c. 1810 BC by Sumu-Epuh of Yamhad who had his capital in the city of Aleppo. Started as a local dynasty, the family expanded its influence through the actions of its energetic ruler Yarim-Lim I who turned it into the most influential family in the Levant through both diplomatic and military tools. At its height the dynasty controlled most of northern Syria and the modern Turkish province of Hatay with a cadet branch ruling in the city of Alalakh.
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References
- ↑ Goldman, Edward A. (1978-12-31). Jews in a Free Society: Challenges and Opportunities. ISD LLC. ISBN 978-0-87820-472-4.
- ↑ Klengel, Horst (1992-03-20). Syria 3000 to 300 B.C.: A Handbook of Political History. Wiley. ISBN 978-3-05-001820-1.
- ↑ Orientalia: Vol. 38. Gregorian Biblical BookShop.
- ↑ Giacumakis, George (1970). The Akkadian of Alalah. Mouton.
- ↑ Tudományegyetem, Eötvös Loránd (1979). Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae: Sectio classica. Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae.
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