Andrea Chiaramonte

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Andrea Chiaramonte
Famiglia Chiaramonte-Stemma (alt + crown).svg
Chiaramonte coat of arms
Count of Modica
Tenure1391–1392
Predecessor Manfredi III Chiaramonte
SuccessorBernardo Cabrera
Bornunknown
Died1 June 1392
Palermo, Kingdom of Sicily
Fatherunclear [a]
Motherunknown

Andrea Chiaramonte (died 1 June 1392) was the last Chiaramonte to hold the County of Modica. Succeeding in 1391, he led the anti-Aragonese baronial resistance and, after the fall of Palermo, was arrested and beheaded outside the family's Steri, with his estates confiscated.

Contents

Origins and family

Andrea Chiaramonte belonged to the powerful Chiaramonte lineage of 14th-century Sicily. He succeeded to the comital titles only in March 1391 on the death of Manfredi III Chiaramonte, inheriting Modica together with Chiaramonte and Malta, and the offices of vicario generale and admiral of the kingdom. [1]

His precise parentage is uncertain. Older summaries often call him a son of Manfredi III. However, Manfredi’s will (1390) mentions only daughters and provides for a hypothetical future son or, failing that, a male nephew, which strongly implies he had no recognised son at that date. [1]

Treccani regards as plausible the hypothesis—advanced in earlier scholarship—that Andrea was a natural son of Matteo Chiaramonte; the authenticity of the surviving copy of Manfredi’s will is discussed by the same entry, which adds two cautions: there are doubts about the authenticity of the will (preserved only in a 16th-century copy with gaps and interpolations), and Andrea succeeded without apparent opposition in March 1391. [1] [a]

Career

Context — Sicilian and Neapolitan rulers in Andrea’s lifetime

Note: After the Sicilian Vespers (1282) Sicily and Naples were ruled by different dynasties.

Sicily (Aragonese line):

Naples (Angevin line):

Aragon (external but decisive):

Background

After the Sicilian Vespers the island (“Trinacria”) followed the Aragonese while Naples remained Angevin. By the late fourteenth century Sicilian politics coalesced into two loose baronial alignments: older “Latin” houses (often sympathetic to Naples) and “Catalan” nobles tied to the Aragonese; loyalties were fluid and frequently local. [1]

Succession and offices (1391)

In March 1391 Andrea Chiaramonte succeeded to Manfredi III Chiaramonte’s offices and fiefs (including Modica and Malta), becoming vicario generale and admiral; the papacy confirmed his admiralty on 1 April 1391. [1]

Royal reconquest and resistance (1392)

In spring 1392 Martin (the Younger) and his father Martin (the Elder) led the royal expedition to Sicily to re-establish effective Aragonese control. Andrea, head of the Chiaramonte family, became the leading figure of the anti-Aragonese coalition, allied above all with the Alagona family [b] . The Aragonese advanced rapidly—Catania fell—and Andrea concentrated the baronial resistance in Palermo. On 17 May 1392 he presented himself before Martin in Palermo; on the following day he was arrested, together with Manfredi d’Alagona and his son Giacomo, while the archbishops of Palermo and Monreale attempted mediation. [1] [2]

Arrest and execution (1392)

Brought to trial, Andrea was condemned for rebellion on 22 May. [1]

On 1 June 1392 he was executed by beheading in the square outside the Steri in Palermo, a public act intended to mark the suppression of baronial autonomy. [1] With his death the Chiaramonte patrimony was broken up: on 4 April 1392 the county of Malta had already been promised to Guglielmo Raimondo Moncada; on 5 June the county of Modica was granted to Bernardo Cabrera; and on 22 June Chiaramonte and Caccamo were assigned to Galceran de Queralt. [1]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Treccani notes that, although it is often repeated in historiography that Andrea was the son of Manfredi III, this is not confirmed by the known sources. In Manfredi’s will (September 1390) Andrea is never mentioned; the document anticipates both the possible birth of a posthumous son and, if none, the transfer of the inheritance to a male nephew who would take the name and arms of the Chiaramonte — which implies that no surviving sons were recognised at that date. On this basis Treccani excludes that Andrea was born from Eufemia Ventimiglia and tends also to exclude the children of Margherita Passaneto; it considers plausible the hypothesis (advanced by Sorge) that Andrea was a natural son of Matteo Chiaramonte. Treccani, however, adds two cautions: there are doubts about the authenticity of the will (preserved only in a 16th-century copy with gaps and interpolations), and Andrea succeeded without apparent opposition in March 1391.
  2. ↑ Although the Alagona were of Catalan/Aragonese origin and often grouped with the island’s "Catalan" party, their 1391–92 alignment with the Chiaramonte was pragmatic. Both houses opposed the Martins’ recentralisation; Treccani notes that under Manfredi d’Alagona the old “Latin/Catalan” split effectively disappeared in the face of the royal reconquest, and Manfredi with his son Giacomo were arrested alongside Andrea in Palermo on 18 May 1392. [1] [2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fodale, Salvatore. "Chiaramonte, Andrea (conte di Modica)". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana. Retrieved 23 October 2025.
  2. 1 2 Tramontana, Salvatore. "Martino I (re di Sicilia)". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana. Retrieved 23 October 2025.
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