Andrew David Irvine | |
---|---|
2009 | |
Born | Andrew David Irvine July 14, 1958 Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada |
Education | B.A.(Hon.) Sask M.A. UWO Ph.D. Sydney |
Occupation | Professor |
Employer | University of British Columbia |
Notable work | Socrates on Trial (2008) |
Website | UBC - Irvine |
Andrew David Irvine, FSCC (born July 14, 1958) is a Canadian academic who teaches at the University of British Columbia. He holds a PhD in philosophy from Sydney University and is a professor of philosophy and mathematics at UBC Okanagan. He has served as vice-chair of the UBC Board of Governors, as head of the UBCO Department of Economics, Philosophy and Political Science, as president of the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, and as a member of the board of directors of the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship. An advocate of traditional democratic civil liberties, Irvine has written about the importance of the rule of law for both modern and ancient democracies. He has held visiting positions at several Canadian and American universities and has been recognized as one of British Columbia's most influential public intellectuals. [1]
Often cited for his work on the twentieth-century philosopher Bertrand Russell, [2] [3] [4] Irvine has argued in favour of physicalism [5] and against several commonly held views in the history of modern philosophy, including the claim that Gottlob Frege succeeded in developing a workable theory of mathematical platonism [6] and the claim that Bertrand Russell was an advocate of epistemic logicism, [7] [8] a claim that one commentator has concluded is now "thoroughly debunked." [9]
He has defended a two-box solution to Newcomb's problem in which he abandons "the (false) assumption that past observed frequency is an infallible guide to probability" [10] and a non-cognitivist solution to the liar paradox, noting that "formal criteria alone will inevitably prove insufficient" for determining whether individual sentence tokens have meaning. [11]
In modal logic (which studies theories of possibility and necessity), he has argued in favour of the non-normal system S7, rather than more traditional systems such as S4 or S5. [12] [13] Unlike other systems, S7 allows logicians to choose between competing logics, each of which, if true, would be necessarily true, but none of which are necessarily the correct system of necessary truths. As Irvine puts it, "just as being physically possible means nothing more than being consistent with the laws of physics, being logically possible means nothing more than being consistent with the laws of logic. However, this leaves open the question of which logic and which consistency relation are to be adopted. S7 gives us the language to discuss the possible denial of necessary truths. S7 gives us the language to assert not only that some propositions really are necessary; it gives us the language also to note that their denials, although impossible, remain possibly possible." [14] In other words, there is a mechanism in which even sets of necessary truths can be compared to their alternatives.
An advocate of traditional democratic civil liberties, Irvine has argued in favour of free speech rights, both for political reasons [15] [16] and in the context of defending academic freedom. [17] [18] [19] [20]
Together with Stephen Wexler, he has argued that modern constitutional protections of the rule of law can trace their roots as far back as Socrates' demand that even lawmakers must be bound by the law. [21] [22] It was this demand that led to Aristotle's distinction between psephismata (votes of the assembly) and nomos (statute law), and to the resulting debate over how best to decide questions of legal supremacy within a democracy. [23]
Together with Jason Gratl, he has argued that, in its modern form, the rule of law helps resolve tensions between national security and public accountability [24] and, together with John Whyte, he has argued that care needs to be taken with regard to electoral reform, especially when it comes to implementing proposals focusing on proportional representation. [25]
To help safeguard the legal system from abuse, Irvine has emphasized the importance of three key principles – the rule of law, the separation of powers and democratic accountability. [26] He is often cited in the media on issues ranging from free speech [27] [28] [29] [30] and academic freedom [31] to parliamentary procedure [32] and judicial activism. [33]
In 2007 Irvine premiered Socrates on Trial, a play depicting the life and death of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. The play tells the story of how Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and for failing to honour the city's gods. The play contains adaptations of several classic Greek works including the slapstick comedy Clouds, written by Aristophanes and first performed in 423 BCE, and the dramatic monologue Apology, written by Plato to record the defence speech Socrates gave at his trial in 399 BCE. The premiere was directed by Joan Bryans of Vital Spark Theatre Company at the Chan Centre for the Performing Arts in Vancouver. [34]
In the words of one reviewer, "The play is refreshingly illuminating on the relationship between Socrates' execution and the lasting influence of Aristophanes' negative depiction of him on the evolution of the Athenian psyche." [35] According to another, the play not only gives an entertaining portrayal of Plato's famous mentor, but also a fascinating introduction to the "pompous, arrogant and often petulant" individual presented by Aristophanes, [36] giving modern audiences a greater understanding of why Socrates eventually ended up being sentenced to death.
In 2024, Irvine's adaptation of the ancient Greek comedy Lysistrata by Aristophanes appeared under the title Aristophanes' Lysistrata: For Modern Performance. The adaptation situates the original play as a play within a play. The accompanying background scenes give directors the freedom to include (or omit) a few dramatic elements that may be helpful to modern audiences. As Irvine notes, "While most of Aristophanes' language has been reworked (with some sections being reordered and others omitted) ... the fact that works written over two thousand years ago can still be successfully performed today tells us a great deal about our shared humanity across the ages and around the world." [37]
In 1999, Irvine produced scholarly bibliographies of both the primary [38] and secondary [39] literature surrounding the Nobel Laureate Bertrand Russell. Together with Dawn Ogden, he also produced the first bibliographical index for Russell's influential book, A History of Western Philosophy. [40] The index is based on the second British edition (of 1979). A conversion table gives page references for both the first American edition (of 1945) and the first British edition (of 1946).
Together with Edmond Rivère and Stephanie Tolman, Irvine is the author of the first comprehensive, scholarly bibliography of Canada's premier literary prize, the Governor General's Literary Awards. [41] The original version of the bibliography covers the history of the awards from their inception in 1936 through to the end of 2013 and appeared in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada in 2014. The bibliography was later expanded and published in book form with the University of Ottawa Press.
In 1994, Irvine served as inspiration for the character Hardy Orbs in the dystopian novel, Fair New World. The novel was written by Lou Marinoff under the pseudonym Lou Tafler. A twenty-fifth anniversary re-issue in 2019 contained a foreword purportedly written by Orbs. [42]
Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer was an English philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956).
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, was a British mathematician, logician, philosopher, and public intellectual. He had influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, and various areas of analytic philosophy.
Plato, born Aristocles, was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms. He raised problems for what became all the major areas of both theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Platonic Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the doctrines that would later become known as Platonism.
The Trial of Socrates was held to determine the philosopher's guilt of two charges: asebeia (impiety) against the pantheon of Athens, and corruption of the youth of the city-state; the accusers cited two impious acts by Socrates: "failing to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges" and "introducing new deities".
The Clouds is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes. A lampooning of intellectual fashions in classical Athens, it was originally produced at the City Dionysia in 423 BC and was not as well received as the author had hoped, coming last of the three plays competing at the festival that year. It was revised between 420 and 417 BC and was thereafter circulated in manuscript form.
The Apology of Socrates, written by Plato, is a Socratic dialogue of the speech of legal self-defence which Socrates spoke at his trial for impiety and corruption in 399 BC.
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In logic, the logical form of a statement is a precisely-specified semantic version of that statement in a formal system. Informally, the logical form attempts to formalize a possibly ambiguous statement into a statement with a precise, unambiguous logical interpretation with respect to a formal system. In an ideal formal language, the meaning of a logical form can be determined unambiguously from syntax alone. Logical forms are semantic, not syntactic constructs; therefore, there may be more than one string that represents the same logical form in a given language.
This Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography consolidates numerous references to the writings of Charles Sanders Peirce, including letters, manuscripts, publications, and Nachlass. For an extensive chronological list of Peirce's works, see the Chronologische Übersicht on the Schriften (Writings) page for Charles Sanders Peirce.
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Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book by philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author seeks to create an accessible introduction to various topics within the foundations of mathematics. According to the preface, the book is intended for those with only limited knowledge of mathematics and no prior experience with the mathematical logic it deals with. Accordingly, it is often used in introductory philosophy of mathematics courses at institutions of higher education.
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Socrates on Trial is a play depicting the life and death of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. It tells the story of how Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and for failing to honour the city's gods. The play contains adaptations of several classic Greek works: the slapstick comedy, Clouds, written by Aristophanes and first performed in 423 BCE; the dramatic monologue, Apology, written by Plato to record the defence speech Socrates gave at his trial; and Plato's Crito and Phaedo, two dialogues describing the events leading to Socrates’ execution in 399 BCE. The play was written by Andrew David Irvine of the University of British Columbia and premiered by director Joan Bryans of Vital Spark Theatre Company in 2007 at the Chan Centre for the Performing Arts in Vancouver.
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Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises due to the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. It examines arguments expressed in natural language while formal logic uses formal language. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Logic plays a central role in many fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics.
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