Andrew Hartman | |
---|---|
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | Historian, author, and academic |
Academic background | |
Education | BA., History MA., History PhD., History |
Alma mater | University of New Mexico George Washington University |
Academic work | |
Institutions | Illinois State University |
Andrew Hartman is an American historian,author,and academic. He is a professor of history in the College of Arts and Sciences at Illinois State University. [1]
Hartman's research interests span the fields of United States cultural,intellectual,and political history as well as the philosophy of history,pedagogy,and historiography. He has authored two books,including Education and the Cold War:The Battle for the American School [2] and A War for the Soul of America:A History of the Culture Wars [3] and has also published several articles and monographs. Along with Raymond Haberski Jr.,Hartman co-edited American Labyrinth:Intellectual History for Complicated Times. He is the Founding President of the Society for U.S. Intellectual History (S-USIH), [4] and he is an Editorial Advisor for the University of Chicago Press. [1]
After completing his early education,he enrolled at the University of New Mexico and graduated with a major in history in 1994. He then earned a teacher certification in social science education from Metropolitan State College Denver in 1999 and a master's degree from the George Washington University in 2003. [1] He completed his PhD in history from the George Washington University,under the supervision of Leo P. Ribuffo and assisted in publishing Ribuffo's unfinished book,The Limits of Moderation:Jimmy Carter and the Ironies of American Liberalism. [5]
Hartman began his academic career as a Teacher of History and Social Sciences at Thornton High School in the Denver area in 1999 and was appointed as a Graduate Teaching Assistant at George Washington University in 2002. Later in 2006,he held an appointment as an assistant professor of US History at Illinois State University and was promoted to associate professor in 2011. From 2013 to 2014,he was Fulbright Distinguished Chair of American Studies at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. [6] He has also been a Distinguished Lecturer at the Organization of American Historians from 2015 until 2021. [7] Since 2016,he has been serving as the Professor of History in the College of Arts and Sciences at the Illinois State University. [1]
Hartman co-hosts a podcast about intellectual history,Trotsky and the Wild Orchids, [8] and the Newberry scholarly seminar on the ‘’History of Capitalism’’. [9]
Hartman's research has focused on the history of the United States,particularly on the topics of conservatism,cultural history,intellectual history,the history of education,and Karl Marx and Marxism. He has authored book chapters,monographs,and several peer-reviewed articles [10]
He is the recipient of Fulbright award to conduct research at the British Library. [11] In 2020,he was named the Outstanding University Researcher at Illinois State University. [12]
Hartman has worked on the history of the culture wars in America,with a particular emphasis on the ways in which conservative ideas have been disseminated and popularized in American culture. In his book,A War for the Soul of America:A History of the Culture Wars he explained the significance of America's struggle over the unprecedented social changes since the 1960s. He further highlighted the emergence of social issues like homosexuality,abortion,and feminism and the politicization of these issues among conservative Americans. Jonathan Bartho commended the book for capturing several crucial historical and social phenomena and commented,"A War for the Soul of America is an excellent exploration of many aspects of the culture wars. It is particularly enlightening in the way it demonstrates that each of the major battlegrounds were highly resonant issues". [13] Additionally,Timothy Lacy acknowledged this book for providing a new perspective to the history of the culture wars and noted that "Hartman’s provocative framing of the Culture Wars squares an objective synthesis of the characters and issues of the period. His objects of study are not unfamiliar to historians of the period,but Hartman’s narrative changes the direction of past scholarship." [14]
Hartman's work on US history has provided particular insights into the post-war as well as recent educational changes. He examined the educational history of the post-war era and also described the genealogy of progressive education in his book,Education and the Cold War:The Battle for the American School. Mary Lopez expressed her admiration for the comprehensiveness of this book and stated "Hartman’s work provides an impressive chronicling of the many strains of educational theory and conflict that have shaped American education through much of the twentieth century". [15] Thomas Fiala and Deborah Duncan-Owens praised the book in their review,stating that Hartman "takes on the daunting task of unpacking the complex milieu of social,political,and economic factors influencing education during this period." [16]
In Hartman's early research,he investigated various factors that influenced the development of federal social policies for children and suggested its outcomes in the near future. [17] Having elucidated the impacts of curriculum wars in American history and highlighted their consequences on the development of national identity, [18] he analyzed the impact of neoliberalism on the humanities and described several challenges it poses to the curriculum of American culture. [19] Furthermore,he discussed the study of whiteness in the United States,highlighting its increasing importance in academic disciplines,as well as the critique that researchers examining this area have encountered. [20]
Some of Hartman's scholarship has focused on the American reception of Karl Marx. [21] His interests in Karl Marx have led him to research about the history of the American left,with a book chapter titled,"Against the Liberal Tradition:An Intellectual History of the American Left". [22] He has also contributed to efforts to understand the contemporary left,with an article in the Washington Post about the popular podcast,Chapo Trap House,“The Millennial Left’s War Against Liberalism.” [23] His research about Karl Marx and the American reception of Marx led him to write two articles on the occasion of Marx's 200th birthday in 2018:"Marx at 200:Just Getting Started," [24] and "Marx’s America." [25] He has also written about the resonances between Marxism and conservative libertarianism,in an article titled,"The Master Class on the Make.' [26] He is also the author of a book chapter,"Rethinking Karl Marx:American Liberalism from the New Deal to the Cold War," which argues that the success of New Deal liberalism had as much to do with limiting the favorable reception of Marx in the postwar era as did the Red Scare.
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.
Karl Mannheim was an influential Hungarian sociologist during the first half of the 20th century. He is a key figure in classical sociology, as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge. Mannheim is best known for his book Ideology and Utopia (1929/1936), in which he distinguishes between partial and total ideologies, the latter representing comprehensive worldviews distinctive to particular social groups, and also between ideologies that provide support for existing social arrangements, and utopias, which look to the future and propose a transformation of society.
Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, historian and journalist, one of France's most prominent thinkers of the 20th century.
Richard Hofstadter was an American historian and public intellectual of the mid-20th century. Hofstadter was the DeWitt Clinton Professor of American History at Columbia University. Rejecting his earlier historical materialist approach to history, in the 1950s he came closer to the concept of "consensus history", and was epitomized by some of his admirers as the "iconic historian of postwar liberal consensus." Others see in his work an early critique of the one-dimensional society, as Hofstadter was equally critical of socialist and capitalist models of society, and bemoaned the "consensus" within the society as "bounded by the horizons of property and entrepreneurship", criticizing the "hegemonic liberal capitalist culture running throughout the course of American history".
Robert Paul Wolff is an American political philosopher and professor emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Robert Christopher Lasch was an American historian, moralist and social critic who was a history professor at the University of Rochester. He sought to use history to demonstrate what he saw as the pervasiveness with which major institutions, public and private, were eroding the competence and independence of families and communities. Lasch strove to create a historically informed social criticism that could teach Americans how to deal with rampant consumerism, proletarianization, and what he famously labeled "the culture of narcissism".
Joseph Déjacque was a French political journalist and poet. A house painter by trade, during the 1840s, he became involved in the French labour movement and taught himself how to write poetry. He was an active participant in the French Revolution of 1848, fighting on the barricades during the June Days uprising, for which he was arrested and imprisoned. He quickly became a target for political repression by Louis Napoleon Bonaparte's government, which imprisoned him for his poetry and forced him to flee into exile. His experiences radicalised him towards anarchism and he regularly criticised republican politicians for their anti-worker sentiment.
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as "historical materialism," to understand class relations and social conflict. It also uses a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. Marxism originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, As a result, there is no single, definitive Marxist theory. Marxism has had a profound impact in shaping the modern world, with various left-wing and far-left political movements taking inspiration from it in varying local contexts.
Leo Marx was an American historian, literary critic, and educator. He was Professor of the History and Philosophy of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is known for his works in the field of American studies. Marx studied the relationship between technology and culture in 19th and 20th century America.
Charles Wade Mills was a Jamaican philosopher who was a professor at Graduate Center, CUNY, and Northwestern University. Born in London, Mills grew up in Jamaica and later became a United States citizen. He was educated at the University of the West Indies and the University of Toronto.
The Jewish question, also referred to as the Jewish problem, was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century Europe that pertained to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews. The debate, which was similar to other "national questions", dealt with the civil, legal, national, and political status of Jews as a minority within society, particularly in Europe during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.
Criticism of Marxism has come from various political ideologies, campaigns and academic disciplines. This includes general intellectual criticism about dogmatism, a lack of internal consistency, criticism related to materialism, arguments that Marxism is a type of historical determinism or that it necessitates a suppression of individual rights, issues with the implementation of communism and economic issues such as the distortion or absence of price signals and reduced incentives. In addition, empirical and epistemological problems are frequently identified.
Richard Weikart is a professor of history at California State University, Stanislaus, advocate of intelligent design and senior fellow for the Center for Science and Culture of the Discovery Institute. In 1997 he joined the editorial board of the Access Research Network's Origins & Design Journal. Weikart's work focuses on claims about the impact of evolution on social thought, ethics and morality.
Cultural materialism is an anthropological research orientation first introduced by Marvin Harris in his 1968 book The Rise of Anthropological Theory, as a theoretical paradigm and research strategy. It is said to be the most enduring achievement of that work. Harris subsequently developed a full elaboration and defense of the paradigm in his 1979 book Cultural Materialism. To Harris social change is dependent of three factors: a society's infrastructure, structure, and superstructure.
Lewis Samuel Feuer was an American sociologist. Initially a committed Marxist, he became a neo-conservative.
While Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels defined communism as a political movement, there were already similar ideas in the past which one could call communist experiments. Marx himself saw primitive communism as the original hunter-gatherer state of humankind. Marx theorized that only after humanity was capable of producing surplus did private property develop.
The Committee for Cultural Freedom (CCF) was an American political organization active from 1939 to 1951 which advocated opposition to the totalitarianism of both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in foreign affairs, and promoted pro-democratic reforms in public and private institutions domestically. Co-founded by influential philosopher and educator John Dewey and the anti-Soviet Marxist academic Sidney Hook, it was reorganized in January 1951 into the American Committee for Cultural Freedom.
This is a selective bibliography of conservatism in the United States covering the key political, intellectual and organizational themes that are dealt with in Conservatism in the United States. Google Scholar produces a listing of 93,000 scholarly books and articles on "American Conservatism" published since 2000. The titles below are found in the recommended further reading sections of the books and articles cited under "Surveys" and "Historiography." The "Historiography" and "Critical views" section mostly comprise items critical or hostile of American conservatism.
In Marxist theory, the Lumpenproletariat is the underclass devoid of class consciousness. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels coined the word in the 1840s and used it to refer to the unthinking lower strata of society exploited by reactionary and counter-revolutionary forces, particularly in the context of the revolutions of 1848. They dismissed the revolutionary potential of the Lumpenproletariat and contrasted it with the proletariat. Among other groups, criminals, vagabonds, and prostitutes are usually included in this category.
Herbert Marcuse was a German-American philosopher, social critic, and political theorist, associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory. Born in Berlin, Marcuse studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin and then at Freiburg, where he received his PhD. He was a prominent figure in the Frankfurt-based Institute for Social Research – what later became known as the Frankfurt School. In his written works, he criticized capitalism, modern technology, Soviet Communism, and popular culture, arguing that they represent new forms of social control.